International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | Apr 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Circuit Approaches for VLSI in Internet-of-Things Applications: A Review KM SANDHYA BHASHKAR1, Sushil Chandra Agrawal2 1M.Tech, VLSI, National Institute of electronics and information technology, U.P, India
2Principal & Technical Officer, Department of VLSI, National Institute of electronics and information technology,
U.P, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Very-Large-Scale-Integration (VLSI) Circuit
development of microprocessors, which are the heart of modern computers.
Techniques play a significant role in the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The IoT is a network of devices that are connected to the internet, enabling them to collect and exchange data. The data collected by these devices can be used to make informed decisions and automate processes. VLSI Circuit Techniques refer to the methods used to design and manufacture integrated circuits (ICs) that can be used in IoT devices. SoC is a technique used to integrate all the components of a system into a single chip. This technique is used in IoT devices to reduce the size of the device, lower power consumption and increase efficiency. IoT devices are often battery-powered, and as such, low power consumption is critical. Low-power design techniques such as voltage scaling, clock gating, and power gating are used to reduce power consumption in IoT devices. RF design is essential in IoT devices that use wireless communication. RF design techniques such as low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, and frequency synthesizers are used to design wireless communication circuits for IoT devices. IoT devices often require the integration of analog and digital circuits. Mixed-signal design techniques are used to integrate analog and digital circuits in a single chip. Testing and Verification techniques are used to ensure that IoT devices meet the required specifications. These techniques are used to detect defects and ensure that the device functions correctly. VLSI Circuit Techniques play a significant role in the development of IoT devices. These techniques are used to design and manufacture integrated circuits that can be used in IoT devices. The use of these techniques has enabled the development of smaller, more efficient, and low-power IoT devices.
The design of VLSI circuits involves a complex set of steps, including design specification, logic synthesis, physical design, and testing. Design specification involves defining the requirements of the circuit, such as its function, performance, and power consumption. Logic synthesis involves converting the design specification into a logic circuit, which can be implemented using a hardware description language (HDL) such as Verilog or VHDL. Physical design involves mapping the logic circuit onto a specific chip layout, which involves optimizing the layout for performance, area, and power consumption. This step involves a range of techniques such as floor planning, placement, routing, and timing analysis. The final step is testing, which involves verifying the functionality and performance of the fabricated chip using a range of techniques such as functional testing, performance testing, and fault testing. One of the main challenges in designing VLSI circuits is power consumption. As the number of transistors on a chip increases, so does the power consumption. This can lead to issues such as heat dissipation and reduced battery life in portable devices. To address this, designers use a range of techniques such as low-power circuit design, power gating, and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). These techniques can reduce power consumption without compromising performance or functionality. Another challenge is design verification, which is the process of ensuring that the design meets the specification and is free of errors. As the complexity of the design increases, so does the complexity of verification. This has led to the development of a range of techniques such as simulation, formal verification, and emulation.
Key Words: VLSI, IoT based, Perforformance, VLSI Circuit, Integratred Circuit.
1. INTRODUCTION The development of VLSI circuits has been one of the major driving forces behind the growth of the computer industry. The first integrated circuits were developed in the 1950s and 1960s and contained only a few transistors. However, advances in semiconductor technology made it possible to fabricate ICs with thousands, and later millions, of transistors on a single chip. This allowed for the
© 2023, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.226
In addition to design challenges, VLSI circuits also face manufacturing challenges. The fabrication of ICs involves a complex set of steps, including lithography, doping, etching, and metallization. These steps must be performed with high precision and accuracy to ensure that the resulting chips are functional and reliable. Manufacturing defects can lead to reduced yield, increased costs, and reduced reliability.
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 452