Fire Detection and Alerting System for Train Using Zigbee Communication
1, 2, 3 B. Tech Students, Dept. of EEE, PMIST, Thanjavur
4 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India ***
Abstract – One of the most dangerous accidents in the world is a train accident. It is difficult to eliminate this accident.Butitispossibletopreventthoseaccidentsusing new innovative technologies. This paper, combines operationofanextinguishingsystemandacommunication system using wireless communication. Several units are installedineachrailwaycompartment.Eachunitconsistsof a Humidity sensor, Temperature sensor, Smoke sensor, FlamesensorandGSMmodulealongwithanATMEGA328 microcontroller. Thepossiblewaystoextinguishthefireis using a fire extinguisher and switching ON the water sprinklersystem.When fireisdetecteditwillgiveanalert to the nearby compartment and loco pilot Using ZIGBEE communication. Units in other compartments receive notificationalerts sothat thepeoplemay escape fromthe fire accident. Additionally, the detachment of the train compartment is carried out using ZIGBEE wireless communication.
Key Words: TrainAccident,ZigbeeCommunication,Arduino, AlertingSystem,FireAccident,AccidentPrevention
1. INTRODUCTION
Oneofthemostserioustypesofaccidentsisatrainaccident. It gives a risky life for both passengers and loco pilots. Hence, it is necessary to take safety precautions in the railway’sdepartment.Oneoftherecentpopularaccidentsin trainisfireaccidentsincompartments.Recently,ithasbeen very common news heard in the newspaper. If one compartmentinthetraingetsfired,thenthefirewilltravel to all compartments very faster So it is necessary to take quick action to extinguish the fire before it completely spread. This may cause huge disasters and financial risks. After thehugefireaccident, manytechnologieshave been underresearchtoextinguishthefire.Inthispaper,asystem isproposedwitheliminatingfireusingArduinoandZIGBEE communication technologies. Using several sensors like humiditysensors,temperaturesensors,smokesensors,and flamesensors,Itiseasytodetectthefireincompartment. Thereasonforthefireaccidentmaybeaman-madeactivity orduetoelectricalshort-circuit.Therewillbefire-detecting units in each compartment. That unit consists of Arduino UNO, GSM Module, and four sensors and ZIGBEE module.
Humiditysensors detectsthemoisturelevelchangesinthe particularcompartment.Theflamesensordetectstheheat and any extreme flame that occurs due to fire. A smoke sensor detects the smoke coming from the fire. The temperaturesensor updatesthechangesinthetemperature. Whenever these sensors detects abnormal conditions, it automaticallyturnsONthefireextinguisherballandthenit willsendtheSMStoanearbycompartmentaswellastothe locopilot.Thissystemalsohasadetachingmechanism.This will prevent the fire caught into the other compartments. Whensensorsgivehighoutput,extinguishingwillhappen. If thefireisnotquencheditwillactivatethesprinklersystem inthetrain.Atthesametime,theDCmotorwillactivateto separatethetraincompartmenttoavoidfireaccidents.Once thefireisdetected,microcontrolleralsosendsamessageto theloco-pilotofthetrainandnearbyfirestationusingthe microcontroller.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEMS
Inthissystem,themicrocontrollerArduinoUNOcontrolsthe overall operation. The microcontroller gets all the input signalsfrom theinputcomponentslike thesmokesensor, Flame sensor and Temperature and Humidity sensor It checksfortheappropriateconditionstobemetifitisafire accident The Output components comprise GSM (Global SystemforMobileCommunication),andLCDisusedtowarn thelocopilotswithdetailsofthecompartment.Theideaofa fire extinguishing system is to install ‘units’ in the compartmentsofthetrain.Eachunitcontainssensorslikea Flame sensor, smoke sensor, temperature and humidity sensor.Thesensitivityofthesensorisadjustedaccordingly Whenthereisafireaccident,initiallyeitherthetemperature, humidity,flamesensororthesmokesensorgoeshighi.e.it gives5Vasoutput.So,whenthereisdetectioninanyofthe sensors,themicrocontrollerreceives5Vfromthesensors. Using the sprinkler placed on the top of the train it will extinguishthefireandthesafetyboxconsistsofAFO(Auto FireOff)extinguisherball,5Vrelaywillopentheclosedbox, anditwillbeeasyforthepassenger.Thefireballshouldbe thrownontothefirecorrectlysothatitwillextinguishthe fire.
3. METHODOLOGY
This paper is completely based on GSM communication, ZigbeecommunicationsandArduinomicrocontroller.Allthe sensors have some pre-fixed value which is the threshold value.Ifitexceedsthevalue,thesensorwillautomatically send the signal to the microcontroller to do some specific tasks,hereitwillturnthefireextinguisherballfirstandthe water sprinkler system. The GSM communication is the interfacebetweentheuserandalertingsystem.Wheneverit detectsanyabnormalactivityitwillsendanSMStotheuser. ZIGBEEcommunicationisatransmitterandreceivermodel which is used to communicate with the loco pilot and the other compartment. There will be an Arduino microcontrollerwhichisalreadyprogrammedwithsoftware called Arduino IDE. Using the Embedded C language, the whole program was written. Using the AT commands the user can receive the SMS from the GSM module. The detached mechanism will activate if there is a serious fire thatspreadtothenearercompartments.Foursensorslike flame,humidity,Temperature,andgassensorswereused.
Figure 1 and 2 represents the block diagram of the transmitter node and receiver node respectively. Here ATMEGA Arduino UNO is used as a microcontroller. Four sensors namely temperature, flame, smoke, and humidity sensorused.Itwilldetecttheconditionsandupdatethemto the microcontroller. There will be some mechanisms like watercompartmentseparation.Usinga12VDCmotorthe othercompartmentwillbeseparated.Thesprinklersystem willbeturnedONusingthe12vDCwaterpump.Thesetwo mechanisms were controlled by using the relay driver circuits.TheLCDwillbeinterfacedwiththemicrocontroller. Itisusedtodisplaythevaluesreceivedbythesensors.There will be a separate DC motor for controlling the forwardmoving mechanisms. The Zig bee module has both the transmitterandreceiverinit.Everycompartmenthasthis moduletotransferthemessageandbuildcommunication.
In the receiver node, The ZigBee transceiver receives any abnormal messages and sends it to the microcontrollertoturnONthealertusingabuzzerandLED. Here,separatepowersupplyisusedforalltheunitsinthis system.Thisalertisalsosenttothelocopilotofthetrain.
TheproposedapproachisbasedonGSMcommunications. The hardware setup has shown in Fig. 3 and 4. The kit is given a power supply by two separate 6-volt batteries. A voltageregulatorICisusedtoregulatethe12Vto5Vsupply totheArduinomicrocontroller. WhenunitispoweredON, theDCmotorkeepstheTrainunitmovingforward.TwoDC motor is used for the forward mechanism. Three channel relayisusedfortheforwardmechanism,waterpumpand fire extinguisher ball. When the sensor detects the flame, smoke,temperatureandhumidityabnormally,itwillsend SMSautomaticallytoLocoPilotbyGSMcommunication.It makes the fire extinguisher ball open from the box and it extinguishes the fire. The water pump is also used for extinguishingthefire.
The detaching mechanism is used to separate the train compartments.
AFireextinguisherballisasphere-shapedproductmadeof a waterproof plastic shell filled up with harmless environmentallyfriendlynontoxicchemicalpowder.Theball self-activateswithinleast3secondsofcontactwiththefire. Fireextinguishersuseachemicalsubstancethatcaneasily cooltheflamearea.Aportablefireextinguisherremovesthe firethathastakenplaceinsidethetraincompartment.
The12VDCwaterpumpiscontrolledfromARDUNIO.The sprinklersystemwilldetectthefiretoinitiatewithinafew minutes.OnechannelrelayisusedtocontroltheDcwater pump. When it gets a signal from the microcontroller, automaticallythesprinklersystemsopensthewaterbythe DCwaterpump
They are two DC motors for moving the unit in forward directionThemechanismisworkingby12VDCmotoritis 30 RPM motor is used to control that mechanism. ONE channel relay is used to control the move forward by operatingthe12VDCmotor.
FIG-8: Compartment Separation Mechanism
In Figure 8, the compartment separation mechanism is shown. A 12V DC motor is used to separate one compartmentfromanother.Agearwheeliscoupledwiththe DCmotorwhichisusedtoseparatetheotherunit.
6. RESULTS
FIG-9 Welcome Message
WhentheunitispoweredON,theLCD showsthemessage “WELCOME”showninFig.9.Afterthat,sensorautomatically startstosensetheflame,humidity,fireandtemperature.
readingoftheFlamesensor."H"representsthereadingof theHumiditysensor."G"representsthe Gas.
By utilising particular physical and chemical processes,thegassensor transforms theconstituentsand quantities of various gases into conventional electrical signals. It is frequently employed in the detection of toxic anddangerousgasesaswellasnaturalgasleaks.Whenthe GASsensorshowsthevalue'0'itisnormalandwhenitis'1' itshowsitisabnormal.Figure11showsgasabnormal
FIG-11: Gas Abnormal Message
Theflamesensor isa short, thinmetallicrodthat createsasmallcurrentofelectricitytoconfirmthepresence ofaflameburningwithinthefurnace.Figure11showsthe output of LCD displays 'FLAME ABNORMAL'. When the Flamesensorshowsthevalue'0',itisnormalandwhenitis '1', it shows it is abnormal. Figure 11 shows the flame abnormal.
Temperature and humidity sensors are also used here.Whenthetemperaturesensorshowsthevalue'34',itis normalandwhenitis'35',itshowitisabnormal.Whenthe humiditysensorshowsthevalue'84',itisnormalandwhen itis'85',itshowsitisabnormal.
Whenthesensordetectstheflame,smoke,temperatureand humidityabnormallythenitwillsendanSMSautomatically to Loco Pilot by GSM communication. It makes the fire extinguisherballopenfromtheboxanditextinguishesthe fire.Thewaterpumpisalsousedforextinguishingthefire.
FIG-10: Value of Sensors
In Figure 10 LCD displays the values of sensors. 'T' represents the current Temperature. "F" represents the
Flame Abnormal
This fig.12, shows the screenshot of the received SMS. When the gas sensor shows a value below '84' it is normalbuthereitis'98',Soitisabnormal.
TheZigbeemodulehasboththetransmitterandreceiverin it. Every compartment has this module to transfer the messageandbuildcommunication.
In the receiver node, the ZigBee Transceiver receivesanyabnormalmessagesitturnsONthealertsystem usingabuzzerandLED.Hereseparatepowersupplyisused foralltheunitsinthissystem.Thisalertisalsosenttothe locopilotofthetrain.
7. Conclusions
The suggested approach provides early fire disaster extinguishmentto reducethedamages.Usingthissystem, safety and security systems are achieved and manage the informationgoingtothesurveillancecentreandthesafety system.Usingtheuseofaflamesensor,humiditysensors, temperatureandgassensors,theprimarygoalofthissystem is to execute fire detection and rescue operations for rudimentary purposes. The GSM module notifies the loco pilotwithawarningmessage.ZIGBEEcommunication,which sends and receives signals to every compartment to alert passengers and drivers as well as neighbouring train stations, and the compartment's separation in case of emergency using motor control and relays, improved this paper In Future this paper can be improved with an automatic braking mechanism and IOT for real-time data monitoring.
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