DETECTION AND INTIMATION OF AIR POLLUTIONPERCENTAGE IN SMARTWATCH

DETECTION AND INTIMATION OF AIR POLLUTIONPERCENTAGE IN SMARTWATCH

1T.Raja. Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering,Vivekanandha College of Technology for Women, Tamil Nadu, India.

2,3,4,5 Students, Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering, Vivekanandha College ofTechnology for Women, Tamil Nadu, India. ***

Abstract:

The level of pollution is increasing rapidly due to factors like industries, urbanization, increase in population, and vehicle use which can affect human health. An IOT-based Air Pollution Monitoring System is used to monitor air quality. When the air quality goes down beyond a certain level, indicating the presence of harmful gases like CO2andCO, the system triggers an alarm and vibration in a smart watch. If the harmful gases continue to increaseand the oxygen level decreases, the alarm will continuously alert the user for 5 minutes. The smartwatch will make an emergency call if the oxygen level does not improve.

Keywords: Pic-Microcontroller, CO2Sensor, Toxic gas sensor, GSM Module, IoT.

1. Introduction

Air pollution can significantly impact human health, including respiratory problems, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. It can also affect the environment, such as causing acid rain, damaging crops, and reducing biodiversity. Sources of air pollution include industrial activities, transportation, burning of fossil fuels, agriculture,and natural sources such as wild fires and dust in storms. The effects of air pollution can be local, regional, or global, depending on the nature of the pollutant and its dispersion in the atmosphere. To address air pollution, governments and organizations have implemented various measures, such as regulations, policies, and programs. For example, emissionstandardshavebeenimplementedforvehicles and industries, renewable energy sources have been promoted, and public awareness campaigns have been launched.Individualscanalsotakeactionsto reduceair pollution, such as using public transportation, carpooling, biking, or walking instead of driving, reducingenergyconsumption,andproperlydisposingof

hazardous materials quality. A smartwatch that can detect and display air quality data would be a useful tool for people. To make this project a reality, you would need to developasensorthatcandetectpollutantsandintegrateit into the smart watch. The sensor coulddetect pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter. The data could then be transmitted to the smart watch and displayed to the user. To make the smart watch user-friendly, it should have an easy-to-read display that shows the pollution levels in real timeIt could also have a feature that alerts the user when pollution levels reach a certain threshold, indicating that it's timeto take necessary precautions such as wearing a mask or avoiding outdoor activities. To make the project more effective,youcouldalsoconsiderintegrating aGPSmodule intothesmartwatchwhichwouldallowthedevicetotrack the user's location and provide location-specific pollution data. Thiswouldbeespeciallyusefulforpeoplewhotravel frequently or live in areas with high levels of pollution. Overall, a smartwatch that detects and displays air quality data would be a valuable tool for individuals concerned about their exposure to air pollution. It could help make more informed decisions about when to go outside, what protective measures to take, and when to seek medical attentionifnecessary.

1.1 Contribution of the Work:

AirPollutiondetectioninSmartwatch, whichmeasuresthe accurate percentage of toxic gases in the environment. It alsomonitorstheperson’shealth.Anairqualitymonitoring system prototype was proposed based on the following electronic components: a microcontroller, GSM module, carbondioxide(CO2),andtoxicgaslevelsensor.Thisdevice senses the quality of air and displays it in the form of a percentage. The air qualitygoes down beyond a certain level, indicating the presence of harmful gases like methane,andethanethattriggersthealarmandvibratesin thesmartwatch.Iftheoxygenleveldecreasesthealarmwill continuouslyalerttheuserforfiveminutes.If oxygenlevel

doesnotimprovethatsmartwatchmakesanemergency call.Iftheoxygenimproves automaticallythealarmwill stop.

1.2 Related works

There are several existing methods of IoT-based Air QualityDetection.

It is suggested to monitor the concentrations of different contaminants using an IoT-based real-time air pollution monitoring system. The geographical area is classified and displays the pollution level at any given location.

(i) The wearable device has sensors measuringairquality,temperature,humidity,pollutants in the atmosphere, and the user's heart rate and eventually the breath rate. Data is transmitted via Bluetooth to the user's mobile app,whereit is analyzed todeterminehealthyexposurelevels to pollution. Alerts are sent to the user through the app and device interface.Thedatacanalsopredictrespiratoryailments andotherdiseases.[1]

(ii) This system monitors the current pollution status. This will update on the web server.So, we can monitor anywhere through the Internet. The web server is also to monitor the current pollution status.LocationupdatesareavailableusingGPS.[2]

2. Proposed Model

Smartwatches that detect air pollution monitor the precise concentration of harmful chemicals in the atmosphere.Italsokeepstrackoftheperson's health.A microcontroller,GSMmodule,carbondioxide(CO2),and dangerous gas level sensors were used to create a prototypeofanair quality monitoringsystem. Thistool detects the air qualityand presents it as a percentage. Beyond a certain point, the air quality deteriorates, signaling the presence of dangerous gases like methane and ethane, which sets off the alarm and vibrates the smartwatch. The user will be continuously warnedby the siren for five minutes if the oxygen level drops. The smartwatchplacesanemergencycallif theoxygenlevel does not rise. If the level of oxygenrises naturally, the alarmwillstop.

Figure1.1OverallFlowoftheProposedModel

 O2Sensor:TheO2Sensorisusedtodetecttheoxygen levelinppm.

 MQ135(GASSensor): A gas sensor isusedtomeasure the oxygen level and also measure toxic gases (methane,EthaneSulphide, Nitrogen)

 Battery:ItisanElectrochemicalcell.

 PIC-microcontroller:Thiscomponent isactasamain controller for the system. It receives data from the co2Sensorandtoxicgassensor anditsendsittothe IoTmoduleforfurtherprocessing.

 OLED Display: OLED Display is used to show the air pollutionpercentage.

 GSMModule:GSMModulestandsforGlobalSystemof Mobile Application. And its application are sending and receives messagesand also tracks calls and their location andalsomakestheemergencycall.

 Vibrator: When the oxygen level decreases it gives a vibrationinthesmartwatch.

2.1 ESP 32 Microcontroller

The ESP32 microcontroller is a highly versatiledevice that combinesmultiplesensorsintoasingleunit,makingiteasy tomonitorandcontrolvariousaspectsofasystem.Withits 3inputsand4outputs,itcaninterfacewithawiderangeof sensors and devices, making it ideal for a wide range of applications. This microcontroller is capable of processing data from a variety of sensors, including temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and more. It

can also be used to control actuators, such as motors, relays, and solenoids, making it a powerful tool for automationandcontrolsystems.

OneofthekeyadvantagesoftheESP32microcontroller is its low cost, making it accessible to hobbyists and professionals alike. Despite its affordability, it offers impressive performance and a range of features that make it suitable for a wide range of applications, from home automation and robotics to industrial control systemsandmore.

2.2 MQ135 Sensor:

Electronicdevicesknownasgassensorsareused to identify different gases in the environment. For accurate measurement of gas concentrations inthe air, the MQ135 sensor, sometimes referred to as a gas sensor, is frequently employed in air pollution monitoring systems. These sensors can pick up on a varietyofgases,suchasmethane,carbonmonoxide,and nitrogenoxides.

The main job of the gas sensor is to communicateto a microcontroller the number of parts per million (ppm) of contaminants present in the air. This data is then processedbythemicrocontroller toprovidethecurrent airqualityindex.

Thisair qualityindicatormaybe seenina variety of ways, including on smartwatches, which are increasingly popularforkeepinganeyeonexerciseandpersonalhealth. Smartwatch percentage displays can offer a quick and simplesolutiontoevaluatetheairqualityinreal-time.

Gas sensors are employed in a variety of different applications in addition to air pollution detection systems, including locating gas leaks in household and commercial settings, keeping track of indoor air quality, and determining gas concentrations for use in scientific and medical research. Overall, the upkeep of a secure and healthy environment for people and other living things dependsongassensors.

2.3 O2 Sensor

AnelectronicdeviceknownasanO2sensormeasures the oxygen level in human beings. 95 to100% oxygen is considered typical. If the user's oxygen level drops, an alarm will sound continuously for five minutes, prompting them to call for help using their smartwatch. The warning willautomaticallyceaseiftheoxygenlevelrises.

2.4 Battery

A battery for a smartwatch is a rechargeable battery that powers the device. Smartwatches typically have small batteries that can last anywhere from a few hours to several days,dependingonthedeviceandhowitisused.The typeof batteryusedinasmartwatchcanvary, butthemostcommon type is a lithium-ionbattery. Lithium-ion batteries are known for their high energy density, which means they can store a lot of energy in a small package. They are also lightweight, which makes them ideal for use in small devices like smartwatches.Thebatterylifeofasmartwatchcanbeaffected by a variety of factors, including the screen size and resolution,thenumberofsensorsandfeatures,andhowoften the device is used. To maximize battery life, smart watches often have features like automatic screen dimming and power-saving modes that can help conserve energy. When it comes time to recharge the battery in a smart watch, most devicescomewithachargingcablethatcanbe pluggedintoa USBportora walladapter. Some smart watches alsosupport wireless charging, which can be more convenient and eliminatestheneedforcables.

2.5 Buzzer

A buzzer is an electronic device that is designed to produce aloud, repeating sound. Buzzer components typically consist of a coil of wire, a magnet, and a spring-mounted diaphragm.

phones, pagers, and game controllers. Vibrators typically consist of a small motor with an eccentric weight attached to the shaft. When an electric current is applied to the motor, it causes the weight to spin rapidly, creating vibrationsthatcanbefeltbytheuser.

AGSMmoduleisasmallelectronicdevicethatallows adevicetocommunicateovertheGlobalSystemforMobile Communications (GSM) network. The GSM network is a cellular network that is used by mobile phones and other devices to transmit voice and data. GSM modules typically consistofamodemandaSIMcardslot.

When the coil is exposed to an electric current, it creates a magnetic field that attracts and repels the diaphragm, causing it to vibrate and produce sound. Buzzer components can be found in a wide range of electronic devices, including alarms, timers, and electronic games.They are often used to alert the user of an eventor to signal the completionoftask.

2.6 Vibrator

A vibrator is an electronic component that is designed to vibrate at a high frequency when an electric currentispassedthroughit.Vibrators arecommonlyusedin a wide range of electronic devices, including mobile

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The modem is used to send and receive data over the GSM network, while the SIM card slot is used to authenticatethedeviceand allow itto access the network. GSM modules are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including security systems, industrial automation, and remote monitoring. They can be used to send and receive text messages, make voice calls, and transmitdataoverthenetwork.

2.8 OLED Display

OLED technology has made major advancements inrecentyearsnotjustinthefieldofwearableelectronics, such as fitness bands and smartwatches, but also in fields like televisions, smartphones, and automobile displays. OLEDs have revolutionized how we consume and engage with digital content thanksto their higher image quality, low powerconsumption,andversatiledesignoptions.

Inthearea of environmental sensing, whereitis being utilized to show crucial information about air quality and gas levels in real-time, OLED technology is one of the most promising applications. The amount of dangerous chemicals likecarbonmonoxide,nitrogendioxide,andsulfurdioxidethat are present in the air around you can be displayed on smartwatches' OLED screens, acting as a warning system. OLED displays can also measure blood oxygen levels, which makesthem a crucial feature for hikers, sports, and persons withrespiratory conditions. Itis a commonoptionforoutdoor activities due to thehigh-contrast and bright OLED displays, which make it simple to see even in direct sunshine. In conclusion, OLED technology's adaptability has made it a crucial component of contemporary life, with uses ranging fromentertainmenttohealthmonitoring.OLEDdisplayshavea promising future, and we may anticipate seeing more avantgardeapplicationsof thistechnologyintheyearstocome.

2.9 Implementation

AnelectricalinstrumentcalledanO2Sensorisusedto gauge the human body's O2 saturation. 95 to 100% of O2 is considered typical. The system's brain is the ESP32. The poisonous gases (sulfide, co2, ethane, methane, nitrogen) are detectedusingtheMQ135gassensor.TheO2sensormeasures the human body's oxygen content. OLED displays the gas concentrationasapercentage(ppmvalue).Iftheuser'soxygen level drops, an alarm will sound constantly for five minutes. If thesituationpersists,however,thesmartwatchwilldial911.If theoxygenlevelrises,thealarmwillautomaticallyturnoff.

3. Conclusion:

Thesystemtomonitortheairinan environment usingESP32MicrocontrollerIoTtechnologyisproposed to detect the pollution in the air. The use of IoT technology enhances the process of detecting and intimating air pollution is proposed in this paper. Here using the MQ135, the O2 sensor detects the different types of dangerous gas and ESP32 in the heart of this project.

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