Earlier Detection of Forest Fire Using IoT

Earlier Detection of Forest Fire Using IoT

1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology Thandavapura

2,3,4,5 Students, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharaja Institute of Technology Thandavapura

Abstract - According to a report, 80% of losses in woodlands are accumulated as a result of fires being discoveredtoolate.Inthepre-suppressionphase,forestfire detection has become a crucial concern, necessitating the urgent requirement to detect forest fires as quickly as possible. He has made a strong case in his writing for the skilled use of wireless sensor networks as a possible explanationforthecauseofforestfires.Tosolvethis,weput upafreshapproachtoearlyfireprediction.Thehardware kitwithatemperaturesensorandaflamesensorislinkedto anArduinoNanoinoursuggestedapproach,andthedata thatisobtainedisthencommunicatedtoacloudserverviaa GSMmodule.

Key Words: Detection, Sensors

1. INTRODUCTION

An uncontrolled fire that starts in a forest region is knownasaforestfire,wildfire,orwildlandfire.Asignificant numberoftractsoftimberlandareregularlyburnedtothe ground. It is obviously challenging for vegetation to grow overtimeonburnedsoilwheretherewereoncewoods.The reasonforthisisbecauseassoilgoestowardsbeingwaterrepellent and stops absorbing water, the level of ground water decreases. One of the real causes of the increase in globaltemperature,accordingtothe2008GlobalWarming Report,isfiresthatspreadquickly.Wildfiresarefrequently startedbylightning,byextremelyhotanddryconditions,or byrecklesspeople.Oneofthetechniquesforearlydetection isprovidedbytheuseofwirelesssensorsinthisresearch.

With the dawn of the Internet, human have become increasinglyinterrelatedinterconnectionbetweendevices. Due to the escalation and the omnipresence of devices, someof the lacking-order net terminateBluetooth and wirelesssensornetwork(WSNs).

Devicesareanticipatedtotypicallybejointlyconnected in order to create, converge, and disseminate data. These previouslyindicatedprocedureswillincludeasequenceof device-to-device communications that might or might not requirehumanintervention.Thesegadgetsareavarietyof objectsorthingsthathavecommunicationandintelligence builtin.Amongthemaresensors,automobiles,smartphones, medical equipment, home appliances, and RFID tags. As a result, connectivity is spreading beyond just people to includedevices.

Thepatternchemiseenumeratehasledtotheoriginof IoTs(InternetofThings).WiththeuseofInternetstandards andprotocols,thesegadgetscommunicatewiththehuman world while gathering environmental data. The IoT will transforminformationthathasbeendetectedorcollected into intelligent data, fusing intelligence into the environment.TheIoTwillalsocomprisebillionsofgadgets thatcanwirelesslyreporttheiridentity,location,andpast activities. The IoT technology, in which everything is connected to the Internet, allows the devices to communicatewithoneanother.Thesegadgetscommunicate with their surroundings. The dynamic way of cloud computinginaccumulationandstoringofdatacanbeused for the IoTconceptualization. As the usage of IoT, for communicationbetweenthedevicesisautomated,thetime andhumaneffortarereduced.Thesedevicescandispatch theessentialinformationamongthedeviceswhichsupports thecompletion of work with perfection and without humaninterference.

1.1 OVERVIEW WITH PROBLEM STATEMENT

It is now imperative to detect forest fires as quickly as possiblesincetheyhavegrowntobeacrucialconcerninthe pre-suppression phase. We built a fire detector using an ArduinoNanothatisconnectedtoatemperaturesensorand a flame sensor. When the temperature rises above the threshold value and the flame sensor detects a fire, the temperaturesensorhighlightsthewarmthandambientroom temperature. When a fire is detected, the Arduino Nano's buzzersendsusawarningsignal.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

[1]Title: forestfiredetectionsystemusingwirelesssensor networksandmachinelearning

Authors: Udaya Dampage, Ridma Wanasingh, Lumini Bandaranayake

Publication year: 2021

Summary: Inthisapplicationitdetectsforestfireusinga wirelesssensornetworksandmachinelearningwhereit uses linear regression technique to detect the fire, in which the dataset will be stored in the system and matchesitwiththeprovideddataandthentheresultis analyzed.

[2]Title: Forestfiredetectionandmonitoring

Authors: SunilThapa,VishwassudhirChitale

Publication year: 2021

Summary: In this application they have used fire risk mappingusingnaturalandanthropogenicparametersfor the forest fire detection and monitoring in which it captures the image of the fire detected area and then sendsittothesystemandthentheymonitorandtakethe precautionwhichistimeefficient.

[3]Title: ForestfiredetectionusingLoRatechnology

Authors: Nicoleta,cristinaGaitan,PaulaHojbota

Publication year: 2020

Summary: Inthisapplicationtheyhave usedLoRaWAN andsigFoxprotocolsforthedetectionofforestfire,they use LoRa technology for detecting forest fire in which sensors are used and the sensed data is sent to the system,anditistimesaving

[4]Title: Imageprocessingforforestfiredetection

Authors: PriyadarshiniM,Hanamasaddi

Publication year: 2019

Summary: InthisapplicationtheyhaveusedYCbCrcolor modelforthedetectionofforestfireinwhichitcaptures the images of the area where the fire is caught and matches with the dataset stored and then the result is displayed,heretheimageprocessingstepsarecarriedout fortheaccurateresult.

3. EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system people had to manually visit the forestareaswherethefireiscaughtandtheyhadtomonitor everynowandthenbyvisitingtheplacewhichwillbetime consuming.Eventhoughthesystemsaredesigned,itdetects after the fire is caught. Assystems use the remotesensing technology, the information obtained may be inaccurate duringcloudyweather.

4. PROPOSED SYSTEM

ForestfireReconnaissanceFrameworkwhichcomprises ofWSNwaslikewiseproposedforidentificationofforestfire The information gained by sensors is transmitted utilizing SIM800L module. In the proposed system it highlights the influential feature of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for earlier detection of forest fire. It utilizes various sensors attached and data transmission through wireless medium WSNcomprisingoftemperaturesensorsetup,flamesensor

and GPS module was likewise proposed for recognition of fire.Inthistemperatureisfixedtocertainthresholdvalue.

5. SYSTEM DESIGN

Thesystemdesignexplainsthearchitecturethatwouldbe usedfordevelopingaproject.Thesystemdesignprovidesan overview of an entire system, identifying the main componentsthatwouldbedevelopedfortheinterfaces.

6. MODULE DESCRIPTION

A. Arduino Nano: TheATmega328-basedArduinoNanois amicrocontrollerboard.Itincludes6analogueinputs, 14digitalinput/outputpins,ofwhichsixcanbeutilised asPWMoutputs.aresetbutton,anICSPheader,aUSB connection, and a ceramic resonator operating at 16MHz

B. Temperature sensor: LM35 is used as temperature sensorwhichisintegratedcircuitratedtooperateover50degreeto+155degreeCelsius.Thetemperatureand humidityreadingvaluearesenttouserthroughIoTso that user is able to know the field conditions from anywhere.Temperaturesensorisadevicewhichisused tomeasurethehotnessorcoldnessofanatmosphere. HereweuseLM35whichisanintegratedcircuitsensor usedtomeasuretemperaturewithanelectricaloutput proportional to the temperature around the atmosphere.

C. Flame sensor: Aflamedetectorisasensorcreatedto findandreacttoafireorflame.Flamesarediscovered usingtheflamesensor.Themoduleusesacomparator and fire sensor to detect fire up to a distance of one metre.

D. SIM800L Module: Thismodulehelpsinautomatically sendingannotificationwhenthetemperatureisabove the threshold value. The operating voltage of this moduleisfrom3.5Voltsto4.4Volts.Thismodulecomes withahelicalantennaandSIMsocketonthebackand any activated 2G micro SIM would work perfectly to notifytheserverconnectedmonitor.

E. Buzzer: A buzzer or beeper is a mechanical or electromechanical aural signalling device. The buzzer alarm will immediately turn on when a fire is discovered.

Field 1: Itcontainsthedataofthetemperaturesensorwhich iscollectedwiththehelpofGSMmodule.Itcontainsthetime and date when the temperature has reached above the thresholdvalue.

Field 2: Itcontainsthedataoftheflamesensor.Thischannel storesthevaluein0and1,where0representsnofireand1 representspresentoffire

Temperature display: Itconstantlysensesanddisplaysthe temperature of the surrounding environment. Once it reachesabovethresholdvaluethestatuschartglowswith thecolorgiven,otherwisethecolordoesnotglow.

9.

7. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

An outline of a process is Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a type of interaction diagram that demonstrates howandinwhatorderprocessesinteractwithoneanother. It is an implementation of a message sequence diagram. Eventscenariosareanothernameforsequencediagrams.

Forestfirescausedamagetotheenvironmentonlywhen they are not detected immediately. When this problem is analyzed and immediate alert will be sent to the forest officials,thiswillhelpinavoidinghugeenvironmentallosses andculturalheritagedamages.Therefore,thekey goalsin thistypeofasystemarethatthewholeprocessisveryquick, thedetectionisreliabletotracethelocationofthefire.Itis easiertodistinguishafirewhenthestartinglocationofthe fireisknown,andwhileithasjustbeguntospread.Designed thissystemwhichcandetectandreducecatastrophicevents thatoccurbecauseoftheforestfirecalamity.

Theforestfiredetectionsystem’smostimportantfeature isitsspeedthatwillhelptheforestofficialstogetnotified aboutthefiresasearlyaspossibletopreventthefirefrom spreadingoveralargearea.

REFERENCES

[1] Bosch,Ignacio&Gomez,Soledad&Vergara,Luis.(2007). Automatic Forest Surveillance Based on Infrared Sensors.

[2] Y.Deshpande,K.Savla,C.Lobo,S.Bhattacharjee,andJ. Patel, "Forest Monitoring System Using Sensors, WirelessCommunication,andImageProcessing,"2018 Fourth International Conference on Computing CommunicationControlandAutomation(ICCUBEA)

[3] Miriyala, Trinath & Karthik, Ragipati & Mahitha, J & Reddy,V.(2018).IoTbasedforestfiredetectionsystem. InternationalJournalofEngineering&Technology.

[4] Molina-Pico,A.,etal.,ForestMonitoringandWildland EarlyFireDetectionbyaHierarchicalWirelessSensor Network.JournalofSensors,2016.

[5] Tsiourlis, G., S. Andreadakis, and P. Konstantinidis, SITHON:awirelessnetworkofinsituopticalcameras appliedtotheearlydetection-notification-monitoringof forestfires.Sensors,2009.

[6] Lloret,J.,etal.,Awirelesssensornetworkdeployment for rural and forest fire detection and verification. Sensors,2009.

[7] Sharma,AbhinavKumar,MdFaizRazaAnsari,MdFiroz Siddiqui, and Mirza Ataullah Baig. IOT ENABLED FORESTFIREDETECTIONANDONLINEMONITORING SYSTEM.‟