IOT Based Monitoring of Fruit Freshness Using Arduino Nano

IOT Based Monitoring of Fruit Freshness Using Arduino Nano

1,2,3,4,5 Student, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur

6HOD, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur

Abstract - To keep fruits fresh, there is always a need to create a device that can automate the process of detectingthe freshness of fruit. The objective of this paper is to build a device that measures the quality of fruit and provides an output based on its gaseous contents. Arduino NANO (microprocessor) along with MQ3, MQ5 (gas sensors) and DHT11 (Temperature and Humidity sensor)areusedtodetect the concentration of Methane (CH4) and Ethylene (C2H4) in ppm (Parts per Million) temperature and humidity in degree Celsius. It was found that the excess ripening after which the fruit starts decomposing has a concentration of 300ppm (Ethylene) for all fruits and vegetables. The decomposition results in producing trace amounts of Ethylene gas, which is also detected using the MQ3 sensor. The result is calculatedby the Arduino Nano and is displayed in a 16x2 LCD display. The testing process of the device involved many fruits. In this work three common fruits (Apple, Banana) will be deeply analyzed. Device can be implemented in all food-based industries where there is a necessity to compute the freshness of fruits and vegetables. The simplicity and cost-efficiency of the device makes it a perfect product that can be used by everyone a Fruit and vegetable vendors, every household, Packaging industry to sort fruits, Restaurants or entire chain of restaurants, Farmers can use it to gain more profit.

Key Words: Arduino, MQ sensor, Fruits and Vegetables, Freshnessestimation,Apple,Banana

1. INTRODUCTION

Fruitsareanessentialpartofahealthydietandarepacked with vital nutrients vitamins, and minerals that promotes goodhealth.However,thequalityandfreshnessoffruitscan varysignificantly,dependingonfactorssuchasharvesting time,storageconditions,andtransportationmethods.Thisis wherefruitssensorscomein.Afruitsensorisadevicethat can measure various aspects of fruit quality, such as ripening,sweetness,acidityandoverallfreshness.Byusing advanced technology and data analysis, fruits sensors can providefarmers,distributors,andconsumerswithvaluable insightsintothe qualityand conditionsoffruits.In recent years,thedemandforfresh,high-qualityfruitshasincreased significantly,andfruitsensorshaveemergedasacriticaltool forensuringthatfruitsmeethigheststandardsofqualityand freshness. From small-scale farmers to large-scale distributors,fruitssensorsarebeingusedtomonitorfruits

qualityateverystageofthesupplychain,fromharvestingto consumption.

Hence, the handling and packaging of fruits are key toward maintaining their freshness until they reach the consumer.Oneofthemajorsourcesofprematurespoilagein perishablefruitsisduringtransportandstorage.Thisisa key issue for fresh fruits, which gets very little quality monitoringafterithasbeenharvested,treated,andpacked. Fruitsarenecessarypartsofthehumandiet,astheycontain vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, fiber, and many other essentialnutrients.Mostcountriessuggestdailyservingsof fruits and vegetables in their dietary recommendation guides,emphasizingtheimportanceofaccessibilitytogood qualityproduce.Thehealthandsafetyoftheconsumersare alsoimportantfactorsintheconsiderationoffruitsquality. Many harmful microorganisms can infect fresh produce, especiallythroughpoorhandlingandprocessingpractices.A majorityofthesepathogensarepickedupduringtransport andstorageandduetofaultypackagingtechniques.Dueto thepotentialseverityofthesehazards,regulationsonfresh fruitsarestringent,particularlyinthedevelopedcountries. Resellerstakeprecautionarymeasuressuchasdisposingof foodthathaspassedits“bestbefore”date,whichtheUnited States Department of Agriculture states is not a true indicatorofspoiledfood.Productsareoftenstillviableafter this date, meaning that large amounts of unsold food are unnecessarilydiscarded.

2. Application

 Itcanbeusedby

 Vegetablevendores,

 Everyhousehold,packagingindustrytosortfruits,

 Restaurantorentirechainofrestaurants,

 Farmerscanuseittogainprofit,

 flavour, taste and overall precepitation of fruits qualitythansweetnessacidity,andethylene,these three parameters provide a foundation chemical baselineforestablishingandfruitsquality.

3. Objective

Managementoffruitsisstillavoidedbythepeople.Asifthat fruitiskeptproperlyatoneplacethenitwon’tgetrotten.So we are bringing an electronic non-invasive method to monitorfruits.Sotoreducethatwasteoffruitswithhelpof “IOT based Monitoring of Fruit Freshness using Arduino Nano”. There are different types offruitson basis of outer skintheyare:

 Fruitswithsoftskin

 Fruitswithmoderateskin

 Fruitswithhardskin

All ofthemareinneedofmonitoringsothatweconsume rightfruitatrighttime.

4. Literature Review

Toestimatefreshnessoffruitsweneedsomemethodthat mightbebyputtinganysensorintofruitbutthiscanmake fruit not applicable to eat. Before, methods used to determinefreshnessoffruitsiswithhelpofIOT(Internetof Things)andDeepLearningPredictionAlgorithm:

a) Image Acquisition: Image is gotten under authentic lightingup,detachmentandvariousfactorsaffectingpicture quality are taken into thought. This movement is crucial because picture quality plays a critical occupation in iris Localization.

b)ImageSegmentation:Inthismovement,thefruitareais confinedfromthegivenpicture.Thefruitdivisionisacrucial developmentforallaroundexecutionofthestructure.

c) Feature extraction: In the component extraction stage, novel component from the partitioned fruit is removed to make a fruit design. This arrangement further used for affirmation.

d) Matching: The isolated models are arranged onto the models as of now isolated and set aside in data set. The degree of closeness picks whether the unmistakable confirmationistobesetupornot.[1]

AnothermethodusedbeforewaswithhelpofProtein-Based EdibleFoilinthistheyused:

• Testing Platform Design and Fabrication: The microchip platform for testing the freshness of selected fruit and vegetable were designed in AutoCADprogram.Thesensingplatformconsistsof two rectangular layers of foil and two electrodes betweenthem

• Studied Samples: Tests were performed on fruit pear Williams (Pyruscom munis ‘Williams’) and

vegetablezucchini(Cucurbitapepo).Theseselected samplesaremostcommoninmarketsandhomesat thistimeoftheyear(autumn)

• Experimental Setup: Impedance measurements were performed using an experimental setup. It consistedofaPalmSens4deviceconnectedtothe laptop via Bluetooth and a portable platform (microchip).[2]

Last method was with help of electronic sensor and wasp motethey:

• They used Wasp mote and connected it with followingitems

• Forthereadingoftheoxygengas,theSK-25Fmodel sensorwasselected.

• The sensor selection for the CO2 gas was model TGS4161.

• Ithasaninterfacecardthatallowsthephysicaland logicalinterconnectionbetweenthesensorsandthe CPUofthemaincard.

• The implementation of the complete system involvestheconstructionofahermeticchamberto housethefruitandarrangethesensorsintheupper lid,wheretheelectroniccircuitwillbehoused.[3]

5. Methodology

5.1 Hardware requirements

The experimental setup requires Arduino Nano microprocessor, MQ3 sensor which is used to determine alcoholleveli.e.ethylenelevelinppm,MQ5sensortodetect natural gases like CO2, Buzzer to give warning and LCD (LiquidCrystalDisplay)togivemessageandparametersto user.Informationofthesesensorisgivenbelow:

1. ArduinoNano

Arduino is an open source microcontroller based electronic prototyping board that can be programmed using the Arduino IDE. Arduino is madeupofparts:a physical programming circuit boardandsoftware.

MQ5 Gas Sensor Moduleis used in gas leakage detection and is suitable for home and industrial

equipment for LPG, natural gas, and coal gas detection and monitoring. The sensitive material used in the MQ5 gas sensor is SnO2, which has lower conductivity in clean air.When the target combustible gases exist in the atmosphere, the sensor’s conductivity increases with the gas concentration.It provides an analog output correspondingtotheconcentrationofthegasesin theairandaneasy-to-usedigitaloutput.

5.2 Design

Firstly, we need to give it a external power socket of 5V whichisrequiredforallsensors.Arduinoisconnectedwith externalpowersupplyof5V.TheMQ5sensor,MQ3sensor, DHT11 sensor, Buzzer and LCD display are connected to Arduino Nano pins. After sensors generate data in analog format it is converted to digital format by Arduino Nano program.ItwillshowoutputonLCDscreenandbuzzerwill buzz if values are above threshold value. All of these is representedinfig6. [3]

TheMQ3sensormoduleisconvenientfordetecting Alcohol, Methane, Hexane, Carbon monoxide, liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG).Thesensorcontains tindioxide.Whenthealcoholgasexistsaround,the conductivityofthesensorishigher.MQ3gassensor hasanacutesensitivitytoAlcoholandhasexcellent resistancetodisturbsmoke,vapor,andgasoline.

DHT 11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor, which generates calibrated digital output. DHT11 canbeinterface withanymicrocontrollerandget instantaneousresults.DHT11isalowcosthumidity and temperature sensor which provides high reliabilityandlongtermstability.

This display has 2 rows and can display 16 characters on each line. The Display Controller takes command and data from a microcontroller anddriverstheLCDpanel.ThisLCDdisplayconsist of2rowsand16columns,itisusedfordisplaying theoutputofthesystemandshowsthequantityof fluidremaininginthebottle.

The figure 10 shows the flow of Fruit Freshness Detector systemaftergivingpowersupplysystemstarts.Oncesystem startsMQ5,MQ4andDHT11sensorssenseNatural gases, Alcoholicgases,andTemperatureandHumidityrespectively andgivesinputtoArduinoNano.ArduinoNanohasprogram setup which has all the parameters. If the parameters are beyondsetlimitsArduinoNanogivesinputtobuzzerandit startsgivingsoundsignalstopersonwhoismonitoringit. TheanaloginputisconvertedtoDigitalbyArduinoNano.

5.4 Software Used

ARDUINOIDE

Arduinoisopensourceelectronicsplatformthatusessimple hardware and software to make it easy to use. Arduino boardscantakeinputs-suchaslightfromasensor,fingeron button,etc.andconvertthemtooutputs-suchasturningon anLED,triggering a motor, or publishinganything online. TheArduinoIntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment(IDE)isa CandC++basedcrossplatformapplication(forWindows, MacOS,andLinux).It’susedtowriteanduploadprograms to Arduino-compatible boards, as well as other vendor developmentboardswiththesupportofthird-partycores. TheArduinoIDEusesuniquerulesofcodeorganizationto support thelanguagesCandC++.TheArduinoIDEcomes withasoftwarelibraryfromtheWiringprojectthatincludes a number of common input and output functions. User written code just needs two simple functions to start the sketchandrunthemainprogramloop,whicharecompiled andlinkedwithaprogrammestubmain()intoanexecutable cyclicexecutiveprogrammeusingtheGNUnetwork.

5.5 Overview of Work

WhenthedeviceismadeON,initiallyitcalculatesresistance of MQ sensors to get the known concentration of gases aroundthesensorwithoutthepresenceofothergases.MQ3 sensorcalculatesethyleneleveltoknowiffruitisfreshtoeat or shouldn’t be ate.MQ5 sensor is used to detect natural gasescontentinatmosphereoffruit.Theatmosphereoffruit iscrucialforittobeingoodcondition.Theseconditionsare temperatureandhumiditywhicharecalculatedbyDHT11 sensor.Thissensorgivesexacttemperatureandhumidityso wecankeepitincontrolwithhelpofcoldstorage.Weused buzzerandLCDscreentoletuserknowwhatconditionof fruitanditsatmosphereis.IfthresholdvalueofMQ3sensor isachievedi.e.250ppmitwillshowonscreen“DON’TEAT” andbuzzerwillbuzz. [4] NowiftheMQ5sensorisachieved i.e.500ppmitwillshow“GASESRELEASING“onscreen.And at last if temperature level is higher than 15ºC which standardistemperatureforfruitsandvegetablestorageit willshow“HIGHTEMPERATURE”andifhumidityishigher than90%itwillshow“HIGHHUMIDITY”. [5] Inprogramto calculateanalogvaluetoppmvalueoneformulaisapplied i.e.

1. ForMQ3Sensor

(1)

Here5istotalvoltageprovidedand1023isnumber ofbitsforanalogvalue.

2. ForMQ5Sensor

(2)

Here5istotalvoltageprovidedand1023isnumber ofbitsforanalogvalue.

6. CONCLUSIONS

Inthisproposedapproach,

1. Firstlywhenweprovidepowertodevicewecansee initial screen i.e. “IOT FRUIT FRESHNESS DETECTOR”

2. AfterinitialscreenDHT11sensordetectsvalueand sends it to microcontroller, microcontroller then showsthosevaluesonLCDDisplay.

3. If Temperature is higher than 15°C it will show “HIGHTEMPERATURE”onscreenandBuzzerwill buzz.

4. IfHumidityishigherthan90%itwillshow“HIGH HUMIDITY”onscreenandBuzzerwillbuzz.

5. AfterthisitdetectsvalueofMQ3sensorandifvalue isgreaterthan250ppmitwill show“DON’TEAT” whichisindicationthatfruitisharmfultoeat.

6. ValueofMQ5sensorisdetectedandifitisgreater than500ppmitshows“GASESRELEASING”whichis indication that fruits are releasing gases or those fruitsareinharmfulgaseousenvironment.

7. WetestedourproductonAppleandBananawhich arecommonfruitsinallseason.

8. We found that highly decayed fruit has 300ppm valueofalcohol.

REFERENCES

1] P. S. Arya and M. Gangwar, "A Proposed Architecture: DetectingFreshnessofVegetablesusingInternetofThings (IoT) & Deep Learning Prediction Algorithm," 2021 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, CommunicationControlandNetworking(ICAC3N),2021,pp. 718-723,doi:10.1109/ICAC3N53548.2021.9725428.

2]T.Kojić,M.Simić,M.PojićandG.M.Stojanović,"Detecting FreshnessofFruitandVegetableWithoutandWithEdible Protein-BasedFoil,"inIEEESensorsJournal,vol.22,no.16, pp. 15698-15705, 15 Aug.15, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3188388.

3] O. O. Flores-Cortez, V. I. Rosa and J. O. Barrera, "Determination of the Level of Ripeness and Freshness of Fruitsby Electronic Sensors.AReviewDeterminación Del Nivel de Maduracion y Frescura de Frutos Por Medio de SensoresElcctrónicos,"2018IEEE38thCentralAmericaand Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXVIII), 2018, pp. 1-4, doi:10.1109/CONCAPAN.2018.8596545.

4]Hardenburg,R.E.,A.E.WatadaandC.Y.Wang.1986. The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA-ARSAgricultureHandbookNumber66 (revised)136p.

5]S.D.T.Maduwanthi.2019.InducedRipeningAgentsand TheirEffectonFruitQualityofBanana.,InternationalJournal ofFoodScience,10.1155/2019/2520179