Study of partial replacement of cement by barite powder and silica fume in self compacting concrete by IRJET Journal

Study of partial replacement of cement by barite powder and silica fume in self compacting concrete

Anju T .U.1, Nikhil R.2

1 M. Tech student, Structural Engineering, Universal Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala

2Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala ***

Abstract - In the present world, concrete has become a vital part of our lives. Barite is a soft crystalline mineral form of barium sulphate. Barite powder mostly used in oil well drilling industry and paint industry Silica fume is a byproduct obtained from an electric arc furnace used in manufacture of silicon metal. Barite powder and silica fume can be used as a best supplementary cementitious material. Self compacting concrete invention makes a significant turning point in the history of construction sector. In this project experimental program carried out to explore mechanical properties of self compacting concrete as partial replacement of cement by barite powder and silica fume. Compare the compressive strength, split tensile strength of M30 grade self compacting concrete. Cement is partially replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by barite powder and silica fume by one by fourth of barite powder.

Key Words: Barite powder, Supplementary cementitious materialsilica fume, Self compacting concrete, Compressivestrength,Tensilestrength.

1.INTRODUCTION

Construction industry is a fastly growing industry.Concrete is the main made material used for construction. Concrete is mainly composed of cement, aggregateandwater.Cementmanufacturingproducehigh amount of CO₂ emission.CO₂ emission will cause environmentalproblems.Researchersstartstofindagood alternativetocementinconcrete.Thedemandforcement isincreasewithglobalriseofurbanizationandchallenging the environment. The availability and quality of cement manufacturing are decreased by use of waste materials from different industries in concrete production and also reducetheenvironmentalproblems.

Self compacting concrete that has an ability to fill the form work without any vibration. Self compacting concrete flow under flow under its own weight. The benefits of using self compacting concrete are reduce labour and machine equipment cost, easy and quick placement of concrete, enhance strength and durability. Barite is a soft crystalline mineral form of barium sulphate.Silicafumeisaby-productobtainedfromelectric arc furnace used in manufacture of silicon metal. Barite and silica fume can be used as a best supplementary cementitious material. In this study cement is partially

replacedbycombinebaritepowderandsilicafume,thatis 0%,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% barite powder and silica fumeaddedonebyfourthpercentageofbaritepowder.

2. MATERIALS USED

2.1 Barite Powder(BP)

BariteisasoftcrystallinemineralformofBariumsulphate Baso₄. Approximatly 80% of the barites produce worldwide is used for oil and gas drilling. Among the statesinIndia,AndhraPradeshaloneaccountsfor92%of country’s barites resourses. Barites is used as filler and extender in rubber products. It is added to rubber compounds to impart resilimey and durability and it is used as filler in paper industry. In order to enhance the valueofbaritesthereisa needtoexplorethepossibilities of using barites in the production of valuable material concrete is universal material and barite powder can be useincementconcrete.

Barite(BaSO4)getsitsnamefromitshighdensity,infact, barite comes from the Greek ‘‘barys’’ which means heavy. This is due to value of 4.48 at 26℃ this value is close to thatofsomeironorleadores,suchashematiteorgalena. Global consumption is driven mainly by oil and gas industry, which is the main end use sector for barite; it accounts about 85% of global demand for the product which is used in powder form . The other applications concernchemicalindustryandradiologicalprotection.

2.2 Silica Fume(SF)

Silicafumeisanamorphouspoly-morphofsilicondioxide andsilica.Itishighlypozzolanicmaterialanditisusedto enhancethestrengthanddurabilitypropertiesofconcrete. Silica fume also be added to the concrete as admixture. Silica fume increases compressive strength and abrasion resistanceofconcrete.Itreducesbleedingbecausethefree water is consumed wetting of large surface area of silica fume. Silica fume also blocks the pores in concrete and waterholdingcapacityofconcreteisincreased.

Initially silica fume added to the concrete it remain inert. But water added to the cement the silica fume is reacted withwaterandformscalciumsilicatehydrateandcalcium hydroxide. Formation of these two by products are acts a

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filler material to the pores in the concrete. Due to the additional formation of calcium silicate hydrate increase thebondstrengthinconcrete.

Specificgravity

2.5

Cement act as a binder material in concrete, Different types of cements are available in market. Most commonly used cements are ordinary portland cement and portland pozzolana cement. In this experimental study use portlandpozzolanacement.

Fine aggregate means material that passing through 4.75 ISsieve.Inolddaysriversandisusedasfine aggregatein concrete. Reduction in rate of availability of river sand, a new alternative for fine aggregate is find out. Now a days manufacture sand are commonly used fine aggregate in concrete.

2386(1):1963

2.574 IS2386(Ⅰ):1963

Coarse aggregate which means particle retained on 4.75 mmISsieve.Coarseaggregateimpartsstrength,toughness andhardnesstoconcrete.Coarseaggregatesizecommonly varyingfrom10to40mminsize.Coarseaggregatecanbe obtained by crushing of natural stones.In this experimental study12.5mmizeaggregateisused.Sizeof aggregatesatisfiedtheIndiancodalprovisions.

2.7 IS2386(Ⅰ):1963

4.25 IS383(ⅠⅠⅠ):1970 table2

3. SPECIMENS DETAILS

For finding the mechanical properties of self compacting concrete of M30 grade 6 cubes and 3 cylinders for each percentage of replacement of cement in concrete is used. Cubeof size 150mm x 150mm x 150mmbisused and size of cylinder is 150mm diameter and 300 mm height were used. Cubes are caste for testing after 7day and 28 days compressive strength. Cylinders are caste to obtain the splittensilestrengthafter28days.

3.1 Preparation of specimen

Firstprepareacontrolspecimenwith0%replacementof cement in concrete. Super plasticizer and required quantities for obtain a good concrete is calculated as Indian standards. Mixing of concrete is done using mixer machine. Initially the cement and fine aggregate is placed in the mixer machine and rotate. After well mixing barite powder and silica fume is added. After that coarse aggregateandrequiredamountofwaterisaddedandturn themixermachinetillobtainagoodconcrete.Mouldesare cleaned and oiled. Then concrete is transported and placed in to the mouldes. After 24 hours unmould the specimen and kept for curing. After 7 day and 28 days curingspecimenswerereadyfortesting.

Chemical analysis Mass percentage Physical analysis Magnitude BaO 65.7 SpecificGravity 4.5 SO₃ 34.3 Colour Grey

Table-1:ChemicalandPhysicalPropertiesofBarite Powder Table-2:ChemicalandPhysicalPropertiesofSilicaFume 2.3 Cement Table-3:PropertiesofCement 2.4 Fine Aggregate

Properties Results Technicalreference Finenessmodulus 2.9 IS383(Ⅰ):1970 Zoneofaggregate II IS

Table-4:PropertiesofFineAggregate Coarse Aggregate

Properties Results Technicalreference Specific

Table-5:PropertiesofCoarseAggregate

gravity

Fineness modulus

Chemical analysis Mass percentage Physical analysis Magnitude CaO 0.49 Density(kg/m3) 2180 SiO₂ 92.26 Fineness(%) 2 Al₂O₃ 0.89 Specificgravity 2.2 Fe₂O₃ 1.97 D10(μm) 2 MgO 0.42 D50(μm) 8.5 Na₂O 1.31 D90(μm) 18 Properties Results Technicalreference Finenessofcement(%) 6.33 IS4031:1984 Standardconsistency(%) 34 IS4031(Ⅳ):1984 Specificgravity 3.06 IS4031(Ⅱ):1984 Initialsettingtime(min) 80 IS12269:2013

4 .RESULTS

After 7 days and 28 days curing 3 cubes are tested and note the compressive strength value for each percentage of replacement of concrete. Compare the compressive strength value with the control specimen compressive strength.

Table6:CompressiveStrengthandSplitTensileStrength

Mix

Compressive

After7 days After28 days

For obtaining the split tensile strength after 28 days 3 cylindersaretestedforeachpercentageofreplacementof cement with barite powder and silica fume. Compare the resultwithcontrolspecimen.

5.CONCLUSIONS

Self compacting concrete with 15% replacement of barite powder and silica had more compressive strength and split tensile strength. The strength of self compacting concrete after replacement barite powder and silica fume shows a sudden increase in strength. Barite powder has high specific gravity so the pores in the barite powder is filled by fine silica fume particles it will helps to increase the strength in concrete. Combination of barite powder andsilicafumereplacementcementinconcreteisabetter alternativetocementinselfcompactingconcrete.

21.26 23.13 25.89 34 28.29 22.73 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Controlspecimen 5%BP+SF(1/4thBP) 10%BP+SF(1/4thBP)15%BP+SF(1/4thBP)20%BP+SF(1/4thBP)25%BP+SF(1/4thBP) Compressive strength in N/mm2 Mix

36.2 40.13 42.93 48.26 43 39 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Controlspecimen 5%BP+SF(1/4thBP) 10%BP+SF(1/4thBP) 15%BP+SF(1/4thBP) 20%BP+SF(1/4thBP) 25%BP+SF(1/4thBP) Co mpressive strength in N/mm2 Mix After28thdaycompressivestrength

After7daycompressivestrengthfordifferentreplacementpercentage Chart -1:CompressiveStrengthofDifferentReplacement PercentageAfter7days

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Controlspecimen 5%BP+SF(1/4thBP)10%BP+SF(1/4thBP)15%BP+SF(1/4thBP)20%BP+SF(1/4thBP)25%BP+SF(1/4thBP) Split tensile strength in N/mm2 Mix Splittensilestrength

Chart -2:CompressiveStrengthofDifferentReplacement PercentageAfter28days Chart -3:SplitTensileStrengthofDifferentReplacement PercentageAfter28days

Splittensile strength(N /mm²)

strength(N/mm²)

Controlspecimen 2.5 21.26 36 5%BP+SF(1/4th BP) 2.45 23.13 40.13 10%BP+SF(1/4th BP) 3.17 25.89 42.93 15%BP+SF(1/4th BP) 3.54 34 48.26 20%BP+SF(1/4th BP) 3 28.29 43 25%BP+SF(1/4th BP) 2.3 22.73 39

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to thank the Management, Principal and Head of Civil Engineering Department of Universal Engineering College, Thrissur, affiliated by Kerala Technological University for their support. This paper is based on the work carried out by me (Anju T. U.), as part of my PG course, under the guidance of Nikhil R. (Assistant professor,CivilDepartment,UniversalEngineeringCollege, Thrissur, Kerala). I express my gratitude towards her for valuableguidance.

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