International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | Apr 2023
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Wealth from Waste: A Review of Garbage Enzyme Rishabh Chadha1 1Graduate, University School of Chemical Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1.1 Enzymes
Abstract - The world will generate 2.59 billion tonnes of waste every year by 2030. Within this waste, organic waste is emerging as a significant contributor to climate change as the world’s demand for food rises. Landfills are a common management technique but cause groundwater pollution, disturb ecosystems and cause health problems in surrounding residential colonies. Apart from other common and safe ways to manage raw organic waste including composting, biofuels etc., Garage Enzyme or Eco Enzyme is a viable option. It is made from the fermentation of raw organic waste with water and organic sugar. It has applications ranging from wastewater treatment to soil treatment and disinfection. This theoretical study surveys the materials, methods and properties of eco enzyme solution. It then goes on to review various applications of eco enzyme solution. Further, the limitations are discussed along with the future scope of this solution in solving ecological problems of the world.
Protein molecules in the bodies of living beings that catalyze chemical reaction are known as Enzymes. They act as biological catalysts and catalyze only specific molecules (substrates). They provide the right orientation and surface area for the reactants, thus reducing activation energy. They themselves remain unreacted during the reaction. Enzymes are used in many industries including foods, beverages, detergents, textiles, leather, chemicals, biomedical etc. The amylases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze starch molecules to generate smaller polymers composed of glucose units. They are already well known to enhance the treatment of starch containing food wastewaters. Proteases are known to solubilize proteins in waste streams resulting in residue solids used for animal fodder (for cattle and fishes). Lipase has been used for prevention of fat blockage or filming in waste systems before discharging wastewater into the sewage system. Slaughterhouse wastewater, which is rich in fats, has also been treated with lipase group of enzymes.
Key Words: Garbage Enzyme, Eco Enzyme, Solid Waste Management, Wastewater Treatment, Environmental Engineering
1. INTRODUCTION Organic waste management is becoming one of the major challenges in the postindustrial era. Global food waste and loss is responsible for 8% of GHG emissions annually [1]. About 60% of all food wasted around the world is made of fresh fruit and vegetable waste which is generated through production, processing, eating, cooking, peeling and cutting activities by FMCG companies, restaurants and households. About 80% of this waste can be reused since it has fiber content, moisture and other nutrients .[2] It ends up in landfills which are hazardous for residencies and also produce toxic leachate which can degrade groundwater. The organic waste in these sites is acted upon by bacteria which produces a gas 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide: methane. Therefore, alternate methods are being researched.
Fig -1: Common mechanism of action of Enzymes
1.2 Enzymes Production Microbial Fermentation process is common in biochemical engineering to produce enzymes on a larger scale.
Garbage enzyme is an organic solution produced by the fermentation of fresh kitchen waste, organic sugar (brown sugar, jaggery, molasses etc.) and water. It has the potential to solve the environmental challenges of the 21st century in a cost-effective manner.
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Scale-up is required which is achieved by fermenters of different volumes. Fermentation is the metabolic process of breakdown of complex sugar into simpler ones.
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