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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | Apr 2023

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

SOIL EXPLORATION AND GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN OF A FOUNDATION Bhagyashri Batwalkar1, Ishika Sonawane2, John Livinston3, Tejaswini Narayane4, Dr. Prasenkumar Saklecha5 1-4B. E. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, New Horizon Institute of Technology and Management Thane,

Maharashtra, India 5 Professor Department of Civil Engineering, New Horizon Institute of Technology and Management

Thane, Maharashtra, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - Before the actual construction process starts, it

is important to conduct a site investigation and soil exploration to acquire vital information about the soil and site conditions. In a construction site investigation is the first and crucial step. These are outlined in the project to ensure that the site is appropriate for the proposed construction and to offer recommendations on the design and construction processes.

If the foundation's bearing capacity is less than the load from the building, we must use a raft or pile foundation.

1.1 Site investigation The process of acquiring and analyzing information on a site's surrounds, including the geology, topography, hydrology, and environmental conditions, is known as site investigation. The main objective of a site investigation is to find any potential issues or hazards that might impact the construction process or the final structure's stability and safety.

1. INTRODUCTION The geotechnical design of a multi-story commercial building includes a thorough site investigation and soil report analysis. After studying the soil report, the appropriate type of foundation was chosen using calculations and information from the site report such as type of soil, depth of bore hole etc.

Site investigation is the process of studying about a site's physical and environmental characteristics in order to determine whether it is suitable for a particular civil engineering project. It entails a careful analysis of the geology, hydrology, topography, soil properties, and other elements that potentially influence the site's development or usage.

This involves a detail site investigation study and analysis of soil report our site. After studying the soil report, selected foundation type and site report including site condition, type of soil, and depth of bore-hole and basically, there are two types of foundation: 1. Shallow 2. Deep foundation. For selecting the type of foundation following detailed design steps were involved:

Drilling, sampling, and geophysical surveys are just a few of the field and lab tasks that site investigations normally involve. The investigation's findings are summarized in a report that offers recommendations for the project's design and construction as well as any possible mitigation strategies to address safety or environmental issues.

– Study of soil report – Calculation structural load – Bearing capacity calculation of shallow foundation.

Impact Factor value: 8.226

ii.

There are different design methods to calculate bearing capacity and End bearing capacity of soil/ Rock based on site condition.

Key Words: Deep Foundation, Pile Foundation, Shallow Foundation, Bore-hole, Site Investigation, Soil Exploration.

As per IS 6403, 1981 and IRC 78, 2014 - 1: If the soil type is suitable (hard strata) to carry the load and the bearing capacity exceeds the load resulting from the construction, we may use a shallow foundation.

For condition 2: Further we have to calculate load carrying capacity of pile foundation.

Following soil investigation based on the soil report, further geotechnical design of a shallow foundation was performed; however, the results indicated that the load coming from the structure was less than the results of the shallow foundation, so we opted for the geotechnical design of a pile foundation, which resulted at an end bearing capacity greater than the load coming from the structure. The geotechnical design of the pile consists of recommending the size of the pile and calculating the safe working load of each pile.

1.2 Soil Exploration A phase of site research called soil exploration focuses primarily on the soil characteristics of the location. In order

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