Electronic Passport Verification System using IOT

Electronic Passport Verification System using IOT

Abstract - In the Past, verification of passport control at airports involved manual checks and was time-consuming. Another disadvantage of this type of passport verification is that it is very easy to duplicate or forge. The proposed system helps to verify passports using an electronic passport validation system. This type of verification helps reduce duplicate passports that can lead to illegal activities. The overall time consumption can be reduced and the efficiency of the e-passport can be increased. This e-passport technology using Internet of Things (IOT) provides wireless identification using different tags for authorized and unauthorized persons This system is used to verify the identity of passport holder. This avoids the forgery of data and manual work with respect to the traditional passport verification system. Passport control checks the passenger's passport using an embedded epassport with a QR scan. These electronic passports serve to enhance security and help airport authorities to identify the troublemakers or the persons who are performing anti-social elements.

Keywords: Raspberry-pi Pico, ESP 32 Camera, Red LED, GreenLED,Buzzer.

1. INTRODUCTION

Adigitizedfilethatintegratessecuritymeasurestoverifythe identityofthe passportholderisan e-passport.Biometric passportsareintendedtostrengthenbordersecurity,boost privacy protection against identity fraud and theft by ensuring authentication of the document bearer [1]. The systemforissuingthisbiometrictypeofpassportshasbeen operationalized in several European countries. It is the responsibility of the ICAO to define the criteria and rules alongwithregulationsthataretobefollowedbybiometric passports [2]. The criteria incorporate biometric features such as facial image, fingerprint, an iris image, and other biometricswiththeRFIDtechnologiestobeappliedandthe Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) [3]. The demand for more reliableauthenticationmethodsmustbedeployedsincethe level of protection and authentication imposter has been raised.Thenewstandardizedbiometricincludesbiometric featuresforinstancefacial,fingerprint,andirisrecognition strengthen the safety mechanisms. While an electronic passport with biometrics is a very advanced method of authentication, it can extend to many privacy issues and threats. RFID is a system that transfers identifying

informationfromanelectronictagbyapplyingradiowaves. Itispronetoremoteattacksastheinformationstoredinthe RFIDchipistransmittedwirelessly.Apassportisanofficial travel document issued by a government that contains a givenperson'sidentity.Itprovidesthebenefitoftravelling todifferentcountries.Ingeneral,thispassportcertifiesthe personalidentityoftheholderalongwiththeirnationality The standard passports contain the user data i.e their full name along with photograph, date of birth, location, signatureofholder,andtheexpirationdateofthepassport. Ingeneralthepassportsaregivenbynationalgovernment itself. However certain subnational governments are proposed to issue the passports to the holders who are presentwithintheirareasasresidents.Apassportholderis canbeallowedinsidethecountrywheretheyhavereceived the passport, though some holders may not be the full citizensofthatparticularnation.Apassportitselfdoesnot create any individuals rights in the country or oppose the rightsthatareissuingbythecountryinanymanner.Some passportswhichisprovidedtotheholderhavingapassport relatedstatusaseitherdiplomatorotherofficial,entitledto therightssuchashavingimmunityagainstprosecutionor any arrests. Many nations planning to issue electronic passportswhichcanbemachine-readableandisdifficultto theft thedata.Currently,thereare anapproximateof150 jurisdictionspresentwhichareissuingelectronicpassports. Previouslyissuedpassportswillgetexpiredbasedonexpiry datewhichisgivenbygovernmentauthority.

1.1 Background

Inthepastyears,thepassportholderwillhavethepassport which consisting of overall data about the holder. This informationincludefullname,dateofbirth,nation,expiry dateofthepassport,signatureetc.However,astheincrease intechnologyisproducingseveralproblemstothehumans. Thisisoneoftheproblemamongthemwheretheindividual data is being theft by the frauds and the data is using by them for various criminal activities. In order to overcome thosefraudlentactivities e-passportverificationsystem is being implemented. However manual testing can also be decreased.

1.2 Aim of the Project

Theaimoftheprojectistoreducetheillegalactivatesthat areperformingbythepassengers.TheElectronicpassportis

anenhancedversionofolderpassporttoprovidestronger securitytoindividualidentityauthentication.Thisprovides thesecurityby elimination ofduplicatepassportsandcan eliminatedatatamperinganditiseasyforthebordercontrol authorities to monitor the incoming and outgoing passengers.

1.3 Methodology

The system process for the verification of each passport holder will be provided with some QR codes for authenticationpurposesandtoprotectthepassportholder's data.Whentheholderchecksinneartheairport,heshould scanhis QR'Sandifthe QR codematchesthecodesofthe embedded system, then the passenger is marked as an authorized holder. Therefore, the green LED lights up for identification.IftheQRcodedoesnotmatchthebuilt-inQR, the red LED will light up along with the alarm buzzer. Therefore,itissaidthattheseareunauthorized users;the relevantdepartmentwilltakestrictactionagainstthem.

1.4 Significance of the work

This proposed system can be an excellent tool to keep yourself alongwiththedatasafeandservesasahelpfultool for protectingyourdata.Thise-passportverificationisused tovalidatethepassportholderineasymanner.Thisavoids forgery and manual work associated with traditional passportverificationsystem.

These are some of the main reasons for accepting ePassportsoverthegeneralpassport:

a. Security and protection of information stored in passport.

b. Lesserchancesof theftofindividualdata.

c. Enhancedfeaturescomparedtoolderpassport.

d. PrivacyprotectionandMinimumchancesofforgery.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Toimprovesafetyandprotectionateverycountryborder, several countries have adopted biometric passports in compliance with the ICAO electronic passport guidelines during the years 2004-2005 [1]. The biometric passport evolvesonthebasisoftheICAOstandardhasshownthatit strengthens the biometric passports system with the consolidationoftheMRTDbiometricWirelessMicrochip.An e-passportisanimportantrequirementusedfortravellingto internationalcountriesbyalmostallindividuals.Itiscreated bybindingaelectronicpassporttoRFIDsystemknownasan electronic microchip. This chip acknowledges the informationrecognizedbytheelectronicbiometricpassport and helps to read the data by an appropriate e-passport readabilitysystembuiltatthebordercontrolpoint[7].This electronic biometric passport defines the option of facial recognitiontobeexchangedformachine-assistedvalidation internationally through biometric technology. Because of

thesefactors,thetechnologicalandpracticalconsideration of implementing the biometric technique in MRTDs is favored.Italsoconsidersthepossibilitythatstatescanoptto carrysupplementsinordertoidentificationandverification theiris,thefingerprint,thepalmprint,andfacerecognition. Duetoglobalinterconnectivity,thesignificanceofnational defense,borderprotection,andsecurityhasevolvedrapidly from a national security perspective. To distinguish and safeguard against illegal immigrants, implementation includes the necessary authentication of the traveler. The importance of incorporating new e-passport components, suchasbiometricdatatofindanauthorizedpersonhasbeen introduced [6]. In the government sector, biometric technologies are evolving more rapidly in terms of higher precision and citizens' security in both verification and identification [2]. Bill Gates projected that the use of the biometricsystem

Figure 1: E-passportanditssecurityissues

For human characteristics, such as fingerprint, voice, and facerecognitionwillbethemostsignificantdevelopmentin thesuccessivedecadesofITduringthePCWeekonlineon October 8, 1997. The European Union submitted an electronic passport that was conceived to be the most requiredfeatureof ITintheEuropeancountriesinAugust 2006. Privacy, confidentiality, identity, and data are the methods suggested by Achilles Heel that lead to potential misapplication.Amajorbiometricsafetyreport,2Bornot

From Fig 2, we can understand that the overall setup is required to verify the holder is an authorized person or unauthorizedperson.Hereeachcomponenthasitsoperation toperformandinordertoproducetheresult

Fig3indicatestheoperationwhichishappeningbyusingthe system,After QRscantheresultsaredisplayedonscreen. Hence the authorized and Unauthorized persons can be identifiedandfurtheractionscanbetakenbasedonthedata

Figure 4. represents the overall implementation of the system.Thissystemdetectstheauthorizedandunauthorized usersandgiveappropriatealertsbasedonidentification.

FromFigure5,wecanunderstandthattheLCDdisplaysepassportverificationsystemandwi-fimodulesearchingfora wi-ficonnection.NowthesystemisreadytoscanQRcodes.

FromFigure 6. wecanunderstandthat when wescanQR whichisgiventotheuserwecanidentifywhethertheyare authorized or not. The above figure indicates green Led turned on. Hence, it displays the person as an authorized Holder.

5.1 SOFTWARE RESULTS

Fig 8: InitialSetup

AboveFigure8,indicatestheresultsthatareobtained we click run button in thorny python IDE before the wi-fi moduleisconnected.WecanseethatUnabletoconnectto COM4:portnotfounderroroccur.

Unauthorized passport Holder

From Fig 7, we can understand that when we scan QR whichisgiventotheuserwecanidentifywhethertheyare authorizedornot.TheabovefigureindicatesRedLedturned on. Hence, LCD will display person as an unauthorized Holder.

Fig 9: SetupafterWi-FiModuleconnection

Fromfigure9,Wecanunderstandthatafterconnectingwi-fi moduletothehotspotofourmobile.Thesystemwillrunthe codeandprovidethedataasQRScanontheLCDtoscanthe respectiveQR’softheholderstoidentifytheauthorizedand unauthorizedusers.

6. CONCLUSIONS

Nowadays,thisisusedinmanyoftheapplicationssuchas transportation, healthcare, industry, etc. This type of technologyalongwithInternetofThings(IOT)easewireless identificationusingQRcodesprovidedbypassengers.This project works with the electronic passport verification systemtoverifytheidentityof passportholder.Thisavoids theforgeryandcanreducethemanualworkassociatedwith the traditional passport verification system. This system makes it clear that all passport data will be stored electronically, reducing the risk of forgery, identity duplicationoridentitytheft,whicharethemainproblems presented by the traditional paper passport booklet. The systemalsoproved tocontinuouslyupdatethecardholder informationinthesystemwithoutanyproblems.Theycan enter the electromagnetic field zone by showing QR and withinafractionofaseconds,thedetailsofthecardwillbe on the system monitor. The system thus saves time and providesbetterbordercontrol.

6.1 Future Scope

Thisprojectcanbefurthercustomizedbyaddingbiometrics andfingerprintsrelatedtopassportholder.Inthisway,the safety of passport holder can be further increased. With increasedsecurity,therewillbelesschanceoffalsifyingthe passport holder's details. To reduce the time required for passportverificationandvalidation.

7. REFERENCES

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