A Survey on RFID Based Smart Shopping System and Automated Billing

A Survey on RFID Based Smart Shopping System and Automated Billing

1Undergraduate Student, Department of ISE, Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore.

2Head, Department of ISE, Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore.

3Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore.

Abstract - In traditional malls, during checkout each item is scanned individually, this increases the time for billing. In recentyearstheconceptofconveniencestorehasundergonea phase of evolution due to the vital changes in the consumer’s lifestyle. Studies show that on an average, 5-10 minutes is the maximum tolerable amount of time customers are willing to wait in line. Customers feel that unoccupied time feels longer than occupied time. The existing checkout systems use Barcodes.Replacing Bar-codeswithRFIDtags,multipleitemscan be scanned thereby saving time. Radio Frequency Identification System (RFID) concept uses communicating with the RFID tag at different frequencies. RFID readers communicate with RFID tags using radio waves. Therefore, it is not necessary that the tag is in the reader's field of view to be scanned. Theaimofthis survey istocreateadesign for a smart shopping cart based on RFID technology.

Key Words: RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)reader, RFIDtags,Barcodes,flutterapplication

1.INTRODUCTION

Theadvancementintechnologymakesuseoftheconceptof sensors. This is the underlying notion in IoT in which the datacanbesentfromoneplacetoanotherinnotimewith thehelpofInternet.Earlier,RFIDswereusedinwarehouse management.RFIDhasledto a refinement in information technologythathasprofoundlyalteredpeople'slives.RFIDs haveamuchmorecomplexmechanismthanbarcodeswhich provide more security. RFIDs possess the advantage of reusingittherebysavingmoney.So,taggingeachitemwith anRFIDandscanningitwhileshopping,speedsuptheentire processandthereforeeradicatingqueues.

RFIDhasanedgeoverstandardbarcodes.Thisisowingtoa severedrawback of line-of-sighttechnologyaswell asthe shortlifespanofthesebarcodetags.RFIDtags,ontheother hand, are resistant to tampering and can read and write encrypteddata.Thesetagscanstorelargeamountsofdata, suchasproductinformationlikeuniqueproductidentifier, productname,price,andexpirydate.

RFID can locate and track tags affixed to things using electromagneticwaves.AnRFIDsystemcanbeidentifiedin three parts: a transceiver, a scanning antenna, and a transponder. An RFID reader or interrogator is produced whenthescanningantennaandtransceiverarejoined.The

transponderispresentonthebodyoftheRFIDtag. There aretwodistincttypesoftags:ActiveandPassive

AnactiveRFIDtaghasitsownpowersource,whichisoftena battery. Electromagnetic waves from the reading antenna generates a current in the passive RFID tag's antenna, energizingthetag.

Attemptingtoreadmanytagsatoncemayresultinsignal collisionandfinallydataloss.Atanextracost,anti-collision techniques can be employed to prevent this. These techniques,whichseektominimizeoverallreadtimewhile increasing the number of tags read concurrently, are still underdevelopment

TheoverallproblemofRFIDcollisionsmaybedividedinto twocategories:

1. When a reader tries to interact with tags that are in anotherreader'sseeingrange,areadercollisionoccurs.

Signal interference occurs when the fields of two or more readersinteractandoverlapwitheachother.Bysettingeach reader'sreadingscheduletooccuratalittledifferenttime, thisproblemcanbesolved.

2. Multiple reads of the same tag occur when it is read by eachoverlappingreadermorethanonce.

In a normal store, the products are placed in different shelvesandracks.Keepingtrackofthesein-memorywould be a hectic task. By storing all this information in the databasecandecreasetheworkforthein-houseassociates. Taking a 2-Dimensional map of the entire store, the coordinatesoftheproductscanbemarkedbytherespective aislenumberandtheracknumbertheyarepresentin.

Due to numerous utilities, smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives. Google’s Flutter software development kit is a tool that helps in developing native cross-platform (Android and iOS) applications using one programminglanguageandonecodebase.

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY

1.Identifyanddescribethekeytechnologies,components andarchitecturesemployedinRFID-basedsmartshopping andautomatedbillingsystems.

2.ReviewtheadvantagesandshortcomingsofRFID-based smartbillingandshoppingsystems,consideringhowthey impactconsumersatisfaction,operationalefficacy,andcosteffectiveness.

3.Analysisandcontrastdifferentstrategiesandsolutionsfor RFID-basedsmartshoppingandpaymentsystems.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

Martinusaetal.[1]discussesasystemconsistingofasmart shopping cart, a smartphone application, a cashier application,andadatabase,wherepeoplecanscantheitems themselvesandthecashierperformsthepayment.Eachitem in the supermarket will have an RFID tag containing the item's identifier and price. The database includes all information about every smart cart as well as each transaction that the supermarket's system has triggered. Beforeproceedingtothecashier,theconsumerinputsthe OneTimePassword(OTP)intothewebapplicationtoobtain therelevanttransactionlistandfinishthecheckoutprocess. Someoftheadvantagesaretrackingthecurrentlocationof thecart,self-scanningandsimplifyingthingsbyafactorof2. Oneofthelimitationsisintheflexibilityofpayment.

RFIDtechnologyisusedinstudy[2]asproposedbyShaikh FarhanShahnooretal.tomonitorpurchasedproductsfor billing purposes. The checkout locations can confirm the customer's purchases. It uses an RFID Reader, a Wi-Fi moduleandanLCDScreen.Thetechnologyhasanimpacton crowdmanagement,effectivelyautomatesbillingandsaves customers’ time. It does not have a phone-based optional application which would further reduce the time escalate customersatisfaction.

The components employed in [3] Thashini Krishna et al. workis,anArduinoMega,anRFIDreader,anRFIDtaganda Bluetoothmodule. Itimplementsanautonomouscartthat can move without being pushed using multiple ultrasonic sensors.Thescanningisincorporatedintotheshoppingcart itself,andthescanneditemsaresentviaaWi-Fimoduletoa computer installed in the supermarket. The significant benefit of using an automated cart is that customers can quickly navigate through the cash counter and check out themselves.

TheArduino,LCDDisplay,ZigBee,Wi-FiModule,andRFID Reader are the devices utilized in study [4] proposed by RahulChauhanetal Itassistsconsumersinlocatingthetop offersonwell-likedgoods.Theratingofaproductisgiven accordingtoitspopularityandpreference.Itlackssecurity safeguards such as verification or authentication that the shopandtheclientmaybothemploy.

AnRFID-basedSmartShoppingAutomationSystem(SSAS) withanautomaticbillcalculatorisemployedinarticle[5]by F.PiyushRajRouniyaretal.Allthemerchandiseinthemall

haveRFIDtagsattached,andtheexitgateisalocationwithin themallwithamodernRFIDreader,LCDdisplays,sensor equipment, a microcontroller, and a backend server connection for computations. It focuses on saving the customerstimeandmoney.Itismoretrustworthysinceit solelyfocusesontheexitgate.

[6]ByMiss.Shubhangietal.usesRFIDReader,Transmitter and receiver, Power supply, and Arduino Nano. The recommendedsystemhelpsintrackingdetailedversionsof productinformationandgivesproductsuggestionsbasedon theuser'spurchasehistoryfromacentralizedsystem.Total billdetailsaretransferredtothepersonalcomputer(PC)at the checkout counter, through wireless transmitter and receivermodules.Thisfuturisticapproachcultivatedinthis projectisechofriendlyasiteliminatesusageofpaper.

Ng Xin Jie et al. [7] describes the latest and sophisticated RFIDtechnologyinordertominimizethetheftproblemby makinguseofthetrackingmechanisms.ItusesRFIDtotrack the relevant information and then transmit it to the host system.Moreover,itaidsintheprovisionofaself-checkout systemandprovidesapaymentfeaturesothatcustomers maypayconveniently.Ithasbeenadvisedthatitcanalsobe usedinsupermarketparkingsystems.

TheproductuniqueidentifierproducedbytheRFIDin[8]by theauthor,SakornMekruksavanichetal Server'sdatabase is compared to the product identifier that was generated. Furthermore, the promotional materials are a means of assistingcustomersinmakinganeffectivepurchase.During thepurchasingaction,thebillinginformationisupdated,and thebillissimultaneouslydisplayed.AlltheIoTcomponents in the store may easily connect with one another using Zigbee. Also, it offers a comparison button to rate all comparableproductsonthestore.

Introduction of a smart queue system defined by Naresh BabuMuppalanenietal.[9]seekstocutdownwaitingtimes. Italsoprovidesausefulmeansofhavingaflexible,minimal fuss and extreme framework for convenient means of purchasingsupport.ItfeaturesanLCDdisplayandanRFID reader to enhance the system’s security measures. With information like time, date, and product characteristics, it storesthedataindatabasein csv(comma-separatedvalues) format.

In[10]Shreyaetal.describesshoppingrecommendations, productsearch,indoornavigation,andvoice-basedshopping assistants.ShoppingrecommendationsarebasedonApriori algorithmthatrecommendsproductstocustomersbasedon their valuableshopping history and currentitems intheir shopping cart. Use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Random ForestRegression,andRFIDmodules.Indoornavigationis supported by Wi-Fi and BLE networks, as traditional GPS (Global Positioning System) services are best suited for outdoorservices.

The author Ruchi Gupte et al. of [11] explains how collaborativeclusteringcanbeusedtoenhancetheshopping experienceandsatisfyclientrequests.TheRFIDreaderanda Zigbeemoduleusedtouploaduserdataareinthetrolley. Thecustomermustscantheitemonceagaintoremoveit.It has been able to identify groups of related products and determine the connection between any two products by utilizingK-Meansclustering.

Thestudy[12]byParameswaranRameshetal.discussesa smart trolley, which has an RFID reader, RFID tag, voice board, LCD display, QR online payment scanner, and childcareunit.Themajorobjectiveofthisworkistoenhance the RFID-enabled payment process that is used on the trolley. It also concentrates on developing a model for automatic billing by including a childcare unit and QR scannerintheshoppingcart.

AarthiRameshkumaretal.defines[13]thatcustomerscan add or remove items from their carts by using the membershipcardthathasbeenallottedtothem.Cardscan be recharged and used for payment for successful and quicker transactions, reducing customer wait time at the billing counter. Using collision detection technology, the systemcanpreventlabelsfrombeingrecognizedrepeatedly. To ensure a successful and easy shopping experience, the scannedproductsandtheirpricesaredisplayed.

Theauthor[14]ManikandanTetal.describeshowanRFID reader, operated by a micro-controller is installed in a shopping cart to scan each item that is loaded into it. A distinctive RFID customer card containing all necessary details about the consumer and the amount they have previously deposited will be given to each new customer. CustomersmustscantheirsmartcardwiththeRFIDreader includedintheshoppingcarttocollectandassignshopping carts.Afterproperanalysis,thecustomerwillbeprompteda passwordforauthentication.

Ms.RupaliSawantetal.[15]discussesanRFID-basedsmart shopping cart concept in the retail field. The proposed system would replace UPC codes with RFID tags that communicatewithaninfraredsensorthatdetecteachitem inacart Thisreaderwouldbeconnectedtoalargenetwork that would send product information to retailers and product manufacturers via a ZigBee module. When a customer enters the aisle with a shopping cart, the cart encounters the infrared receiver and the microcontroller looksfortheaisleinformationcode.Theaisleinformation codeistransmittedwirelesslyfromthecarttotheservervia ZigBee.Thedatabaseisqueriedbasedontheaislenumber received.TheproductcanbeplacedinthecartandtheRFID readerwillreadthetag.

S.SaiGaneshetal.[16]describedacustomerpickingupa shoppingtrolley.EachtrolleyconsistsofanRFIDreaderas wellasabarcodereader.Whenacustomerbuysaproduct,

theyfirstscanthelabelwithanRFIDreaderbeforeaddingit totheirtrolley.Priceoftheproductisretrievedandstoredin thesystem'smemorywhenthecustomerscanstheproduct label. The product name and price are displayed on the screen.

[17]ByAnkushYewatkaretal.suggestsequippingeachcart withan RFID readerand ZigBee Module An online billing method is implemented. If a product is removed from the cart, it will be erased from the invoice. The RFID reader installed at the exit door adopts anti-theft mechanism. Offers/discountsareavailablebasedoncustomers`shopping habits.

TejasPatiletal.[18]definesanintelligentshoppingcartto display the total price of the products present in the shopping cart. This allows customers to pay the amount directly at the application or billing counter. The components used are an Arduino Uno, an RFID reader module,andabuzzer.

AmrutaPokaleetal. designedasmarttrolleythatfacilitates thecustomer'sshoppingexperience[19].Withthehelpof the application, carts are assigned to customers. Product detailssuchastheproductnameandpricearedisplayedon the screen mounted on the trolley. Payment can be made usingvariouspaymentoptionsprovidedatcheckout.

Thesystemproposed[20]byGogikarBharathKumaretal. contains Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensors, Arduinolittleregulator,aBluetoothmodule,andaMobile application. The data is shown in the mobile application whentheuserscanstheproductatthebillingcounter.This structure suggests replacing standard and monotonous systemswiththeuseofemergingtechnologiessuchasIoT andAndroid.

4. CONCLUSION

RFID has a wide range of applications in retail that go beyondstraightforwardoperationaladvantagestoactively enhance the consumer experience. In its simplest form, it involves actions like boosting product availability and providingconvenientservicesbyallowingshopemployees to spend more time serving consumers. A comprehensive and existent picture of everything makes it feasible to improve customer service and elevate sales. The smart navigationfeatureisoneamongthesophisticatedfeatures thatcouldbeenabledintheapplication

Overall,theuseofRFIDspeeds-upthebillingprocess,thus enhancingcustomershoppingexperience.

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