Design & Analysis of Crane Hook with Ansys
ANKIT KUMAR YADAV, PANKAJ SIDAR, BAPI BISWAS
(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT)]
Ankit Kumar Yadav (Vec Ambikapur)
Pankaj Sidar (Professor, Department Of Mechanical Vec Ambikapur)
Bapi Biswas (Professor, Department Of Mechanical Vec, Ambikapur)
Viswavidyalaya Engineering College Ambikapur, Sarguja Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University (Csvtu) Bhilai, Chattisgarh ***
ABSTRACT:-
Crane hook is very significant component for lifting the load with the help of chain or links. Crane hooks are highly liable and are always subjected to failure due to theamountofstresses canultimatelyleadtoitsfailure. Tominimizethefailureofcranehook,thestressinduced init mustbestudied. Acraneissubjected tocontinuous loadingandunloading.Thismaycausesfatiguefailureof the crane hook. The review of previous enable to conclude that components with complex geometry as crane hooks require a more extensive investigation in view of the fact that a very few articles have been published so far regarding stress analysis of this curved beam(cranehook).
Keywords:-craneHook,design
1. INTRODUCTION OF CRANE
Crane hooks are always subjected to loads due to accumulation of large amount of stresses which can eventually lead to its failure. These are the components which are generally used to elevate the heavy load in industriesandconstructionalsites.Acraneisamachine, equippedwitha hoist,wire ropesorchainsandsheaves usedtoliftandmoveheavymaterial.
1.1 Used in Construction Field
Acraneisa liftingmachineprincipallyworksbytheuse of pulleys and cables. For the construction industry, thesearevaluablemachinesbecausetheymakeworking with heavy machinery and construction materials effectively.
Theinventionofcranesmadethingseasyforhumankind becausewithoutthem,loading,unloading,andliftinghad tobedone byhuman hands,wouldconsumemore time, andtheentiresystemwasnotefficientatall.Theancient Greeksinventedthefirstconstructioncranehundredsof years ago. Modern day construction cranes are huge, taking up tons of material hundreds of meters in height.
For high end infrastructure projects, tower cranes are usedthathaveareachashighas800meters.
2. CRANE WORK
Thereasonforthisresearchis,damageisoneofthekey points toward the safety improvement. If a crack is developed in the crane hook, mainly at stress concentrationareas,itcancausefractureofthehookand lead to serious accidents. In ductile fracture, the crack propagates continuously and is more easily detectable and hence preferred over brittle fracture. In brittle fracture, there is sudden propagation of the crack and thehookfailseventually.
This type of fracture is very dangerous as it is very difficult to detect. Hence continuous use of crane hooks may increase the magnitude of these stresses and leads to the result in failure of the hook. All the above mentioned failures may be prevented if the stress concentration areas are well predicted and some design modification to reduce the stresses in those particular areas.
Failure of crane Hook:- Bending stresses combined with tensile stresses, weakening of hook due to wear, plastic deformation due to overloading, and excessive thermal stresses are some of the other reasons for failure. Hence continuous use of crane hooks may increase the magnitude of these stresses and eventually result in failure of the hook. due to continuous working structureofcraneHookarechangesandsomeproblems like weakness of crane hook due to tensile stresses,wear,plastic deformation due to overloading andexcessivestressestheseareotherreasonoffailure.
2.1 Circumferential Stresses In A Curved Beam:
The circumferential stress distribution for the curved beamisobtainedbythecurvedbeamformula:
Crane Hook safety:- Crane hooks used with safety latches used to provide an extra level of security when hoistingandriggingloads,safetylatchescanhelpensure thataslingissecurelyattachedtotheload,topreventit fromslidingwhentheslingbecomesslack.Properlifting can move large objects efficiently and decrease manual handling operation improper design of crane hook lead toaccidentimproperlifting caseinjurieslowestto work time and property manpower machinery loads methods and the environment are all important factor for proper lifting providers that enough safety measures are fully implementedaccidentscanbedecreased.
2.4 Design Calculations
Design of crane hook using trapezoidal cross section area:
Allowablestress=160N/mm2
h=70mm(diameter)
C=164mm(beddiameter)
Parameter of crane hook:
Widthofcrosssection:
Where, =hoopstress, = axial stress,remaining quantityisbendingstress.
2.2 Radial Stresses In Curved Beams
The radial stresses stress distribution for the curved beamisobtainedbyformula:
Bi =0.65×h=0.65×70 =45.5mm
Letustake;B0=0.5×Bi =0.5×45.5 =22.7mm
(I)Crosssectionarea(A):
A=((bi+b0)/2)×h =(( )×70
2.3 Analytical Method For Stress Calculation
Curvedbeamflexureformulaisusedwhenthecurvature of the member is pronounced as in case of hook for differentcross-sectionsmathematicalanalysisofstress.
A= 2387 mm2
(II)Innerandouterradius: =0.5×c
=0.5×164 = 82 mm
Ro=(0.5×c)+h
=(0.5×164)+70
Ro = 152 mm
Where,
M=maximumbendingmoment.
Y=Distancebetweencentroidaxistoneutralaxis.
I=Momentofinertiafordifferentcrosssections.
(III)Radiusofneutralaxis( )
Rn =92.6mm
(IV)Radiusofcentroidalaxis= ( ) = =82 =113mm
(V)Distancebetweencentroidalaxisorneutralaxis
E= –Rn =113–92.6 =20.4mm
Resultantstressesatinnersurface(
M=p×Rn =p×92.6
Hi= – =92.6–82 =10.6mm
H0=R0-Rn =152-92.6=59.4
130=5.65×10-3 P
P = 35.5x103 N
Resultantstressesatoutersurface(σ0)
Pennsylvania.ItdevelopsandmarketsCAE/metaphysics engineering simulation software for product design, testing and operation and offers its products and services to customers worldwide. Ansys develops and markets engineering simulation software for use across the product life cycle. Ansys Mechanical finite element analysissoftwareisusedtosimulatecomputermodelsof structures, electronics, or machine components for analyzing the strength, toughness, elasticity, temperature distribution, electromagnetism, fluid flow, and other attributes. Ansys is used to determine how a product will function with different specifications, without building test products or conducting crash tests.[5]Forexample,Ansys softwaremaysimulatehow a bridge will hold up after years of traffic, how to best process salmon in a cannery to reduce waste, or how to design a slide that uses less material without sacrificing safety.Most Ansys simulations are performed using the Ansys Workbenchsystem,whichisoneofthecompany’s mainproducts.Typically Ansys usersbreak downlarger structuresintosmallcomponentsthatareeachmodeled andtested individually.A usermaystart bydefiningthe dimensions of an object, and then adding weight, pressure, temperature and other physical properties. Finally, the Ansys software simulates and analyzes movement, fatigue, fractures, fluid flow, temperature distribution,electromagnetic efficiencyandother effects over time. Ansys also develops software for data management and backup, academic research and teaching. Ansys software is sold on an annual subscriptionbasis.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Asinglepointload(6tons/63508N)isappliedwhichis equallydistributedthroughouttheselectedsurfacesand required results such as equivalent stress, strain and totaldeformationisanalyzed.Thesimulationsprocessis carried out by assigning four different materials having differentcharacteristics.
170=1.4638×10-3P
P = 63508 N
Loadcarryingcapacity:
Takinglowestoftwovalues givenby equationsthe load carryingcapacityofcranehookis
P = 35.5 ×103 N
ANSYS:-Ansys, Inc. is an American multinational company with its headquarters based in Canonsburg,
Structural steelis a category ofsteelused for makingconstruction materialsin a variety of shapes. Many structural steelshapestake the form of an elongated beam having aprofileof a specificcross section. Most steels used throughout Europe are specified to comply with theEuropean standardEN 10025.However,manynationalstandardsalsoremainin force.
Structural steel material is the most feasible material as compare to the other [ wrought iron, Structural steel & Greycastiron]becauseofitslowestMax.
Stress250MPa(asshowningraph).
whichishavinglessdeformationwillhavemorestability if less failure of crane hook. Final we got the material Structural Steel with less deformation. So it is the materialsuitableforcranehook.
REFERENCE
[1] MachineDesignBookByV.B.Bhandari
[2] Design Data Book By PSG College of Technology
Coimbatore
[3]Govind Narayan Sahu, Narendra Yadav “Design and stress analysis of various cross section of hook” International Journal of Modern Engineering Researchvol. 3, Issue. 4, Jul-Aug. 2013, pp-2187-2189, ISSN: 2249-6645
[4 ]Sayyedkasim Ali, Harish Kumar et al, “Analysis of crane hook with different cross section using finite element method”, International Journal of Science and Research,ISSN(online):2319-7064
[5]Cook, R., “Circumferential stresses in curved beams”, Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of ASME 59: 224-225,1992
[6]SantoshShau,RiteshDewanganetal,“StudyofCrane Hook having trapezoidal section by finite element method & design of experiments”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research-vol.2, Issue.4, July-Aug 2012,pp-2779-2781,ISSN:2249-6645
[7] R .S. Khurmi,“Strength of materials” 23rd edition Chapter33(2009)
[8]Yogeshtripathi, U.K.Joshi Comparision of stress between Winkler Bach theory and Ansys finite element methodforcranehookwithatrapezoidalcross-section
Fig.9 Graph of stress and deformation
The simulation studies conducted on the crane hook usingtheAlloyS355foritssustainabilityagainstloading gives the results such as Von Mises stress, Factor of Safety(FOS),StrainandDisplacements.
CONCLUSIONS:-
Structural steel material is the most feasible material compared to wrought iron, & grey cast iron as it has lowestmaximumstress250MPa.Thebasicofstructural steel compair to other yield strength, toughness is higher.We have successfully optimized the material of the crane hook We have study the structural stresses of hook by ANSYS R19.2 &o concluded that the material
[9] Sushovan Ghosh, Biswaranjan Pati, Rohit Ghosh, AshutoshPaloandDr.RabindraNath Barman, Static Analysis of Crane Hooks with Different Cross Sections A Comparative Study Using Ansys Workbench. International Journal of Mechanical EngineeringandTechnology,8(4),2017,pp.474–482.
[10]M.Amareswari Reddy1, M.N.V Krishnaveni, B. Nagaraju, M RajaRoy4, Static Analysis of Crane Hook with T-Section Using ANSYS, International Journal of EngineeringTrendsandTechnology(IJETT)–Volume26 Number2-August2015