Automation Enhanced Green Campus Initiative
Chalumuru Suresh
Computer Science & Engineering
VNRVJIET
Hyderabad,India
suresh ch@vnrvjiet.in
Shaik Hasan
Computer Science & Engineering
VNRVJIET
Hyderabad,India
skhasanj300@gmail.com
Abhishek Yerabati
Computer Science & Engineering
VNRVJIET
Hyderabad,India
abhishek.yerabati3@gmail.com
Hariteja Bollaram
Computer Science & Engineering
VNRVJIET
Hyderabad,India
haritejabollaram@gmail.com
Anil Bathini
Computer Science & Engineering
VNRVJIET
Hyderabad,India
anilbathini1152@gmail.com ***
Abstract Because of their activities, universities either directly or indirectly harm the environment. Universities should take the required safeguards to reduce these consequences as much as possible. The green campus initiative aims to minimise harmful effects on the environment while also involving students. Sustainability of the environment and infrastructure, climatic and energy adaptation, and waste and water management are all examples of "green campus." This approach uses the "Internet of Things" concept to create a green campus setting. Data is gathered and sent to the admin via sensors placed at specific points in order to automate the campus. Since data are updated often and the appropriate authority is informed to take action, the sensor network will use less energy overall.
Keywords: Internet of Things, ESP32 controller, Mq3 sensor, RFID tags, SWOT analysis, LoRA transmission, nZEB, ArcFace, FaceNet, Key Performance Indicators, LEED,BREEAM
I. INTRODUCTION
Inordertofostersustainableandeco-friendlypracticeson campus, a green campus blends environmental friendly measures with educational initiatives. We would like to booststudentparticipationinmaintainingagreencampus withthehelpofthisplatform.
Many of these reforms for a green campus focus on the day-to-day,practicalaspectsofcampuslife,suchasproper wastedisposal,acleanenvironment,ortreeplanting.
Before advancing it is important to get a firm grasp about thecriteriathatqualifiesacampusasbeinggreen.Agreen campus cannot be defined only by the various advanced technologiesitintegratesnorsolelyonthebasisofvarious methodsthatitimplements.
A green campus should be eco-friendly, unlike traditional campuses, a green campus should reduce the carbon
emissions generated, reduce the energy consumption of thecampus,haveproperwasteandresourcemanagement.
Traditional buildings lack enhanced automation. Some buildings may be considered to be green by controlling various emissions, but mostly do not incorporate any automation.
Automation is key in today's world. Without automation, each task becomes repetitive. When tasks are made repetitive,itrequiresahugeamountoflabor.Forexample, to monitor whether a trash can is empty or not a human would have to monitor the trash can continuously or at leastonceeveryfewhours.
Dedicating time and effort each day to checking whether thetrashcanis filled or not isa task thatis repetitiveand one that will cause inaccuracy. The human may not be theretonoticethetrashcanbeingfullattheexactmoment. They may arrive a couple hours after. This makes the wholeprocessinaccurateandtime-consuming.
Human error is a big reason why many processes are becoming automated. Devices are now able to detect precise readings and send the data to the cloud for interpretation. With the integration of Internet of Things intoagreencampus,humanerrorcanbereducedtonil.
From the previous example, if we we’re to integrate an ultrasonicsensorinto the trashcan,wewould not require the assistance or presence of a human. The device would take continuous readings of the length between itself and anyobstruction.Ifthe readingisverylow, analert would be sent to the maintenance personnel indicating that the trashcanisfullandneedstobeclearedout.
Automation enhancements will not only reduce human error and increase response time but will also make the campus much more green. Advanced technology used correctly to reduce energy consumption and bring about smart waste management can make a traditional campus transformitselfintoagreencampus.
II. RELATED WORKS
Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah1., [1] Drones assist in conducting location surveys at the research site to collect research data,suchasthenumberof buildingsandthelimitsofthe study area. The campus area, woodland vegetation area, plantorgardenvegetation area,andparkingarea were all calculatedusinganArcGIStool.
Marsudia., [2] Data is collected from the students and the informationis discussedamongthe organising team.They set necessary goals to make the place more greener and sustainable. UI green metrics are used to evaluate the green campus effectiveness. Various methods like SWOT analysisaredonetoevaluatetheworkimplementation.
Kuo-Hsiung Tsengd., [3] A microcontroller is used to providethetemperatureandhumiditydatainaperception layer of the architecture that they use. Through LoRa transmission, packets are sent from the network layer to the receiving module. The returned data is stored in the database at the application layer, and then the material that needs to be displayed is shown on the monitoring webpage.
TingChen.,[4]Heretheyhaveusedwirelesstechnologyto implement the smart/ intelligent campus while using the RFID tags. This approach improves communication, security,andallowsforsystemconnectionstolightingand doorknobs. Creating a seamless student experience. With this lighting conditions in the campus are controlled and energy is saved. Data analysis and optimization is also donetoimprovecampusactivities.
PedroMoura.,[5]Thestudydemonstrateshowretrofitting existing buildings with the right technology can help achievethegoalofturningthemintovirtuallyzero-energy buildings (nZEB) at a reasonable price. They introduced the technology of Internet of Things in order to make the buildings more smart and connected which can then be controlled by the user. IoT devices are installed to control HVAC and to reduce energy consumption by the entire campus.
Radiant Victor Imbar., [6] Uses “Operating by automation" techniquetomakethecampus smart.canresolveconflicts of interest between stakeholders and use public intelligencetoaddtothesystem'sintelligence.
Summarizes over various frameworks available for the smartcampus.
Sunti Sopapradit., [7] Green university policy committees are established which will try to understand energy consumption by viewing past data of the campus. Teams are made and appointed the task to run the campaign. These teams work according to the policies set by the committee. Various steps for preparing the model are
analyzedandmonitored.Nineexpertsevaluatethemodel's appropriateness. The experts use standard deviation and meantoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthemodel.
Zhao Yang Dong., [8] In this article, a sentient learningoriented smart campus is envisioned, described, and articulated with the major objectives of addressing stakeholder interests and attempting to enhance educational performance at the quick speed of technology innovation. The smart campus revolution's multidisciplinaryinfluencingvariablesarealsocovered.
Lavanya A., [9] The temperature sensor measures the surroundings and determines the ambient temperature. The cloud platform will then get this data for additional analysis. To save energy, the campus's temperature and lighting are modified based on data transmitted to the cloudplatform.
Adulwit Chinapas., [10] Identification cards and face matchingarecarriedoutusingDlib,FaceNet,andArcFace. The face and ID card are both identified, and a matching percentage is calculated by comparing them based on illumination,locationofthehead,andeyebrows.According totheresultsoftheexperimentalinvestigation,thesystem basedonArcFaceproducesthebestresults,witha99.06% accuracy rate for face detection and a 96.09% accuracy rate for face comparison. ArcFace performs better than previous approaches because it employs MTCNN, straightens the face picture, and restores the locations of thefacialcomponentsinadditiontousingMTCNN.
HassanAbdul Mouti.,[11] Utilisescutting-edgetechnology and equipment to generate energy for houses while conserving. Automation of the home's comfort-enhancing gadgets.
OndĜej PĜibyl., [12] The article discusses a variety of smart campus technologies. Here, the survey has been utilizedasa tooltolearnaboutthe manydemandsforthe smartcampus fromstudentsaswell astheir awareness of the concept. They hope to improve the KPIs by using the surveys.
D. Demiroğlu., [13] Existing buildings can integrate sustainable operations and maintenance using the LEEDEB methodology. A supply-side strategy that reduces energy use on campus has various advantages, including cost savings from lower energy bills and a profitable investment. A green building that conforms with requirementscanbecreatedbyadheringtotheprinciples.
EsromMahlatsiMalatji.,[14]Theframeworkinthisarticle is one that is based on key performance indicators (KPIs). Smart people, smart education, and a smart environment arejusta fewexamples ofthetraitsand KPIs of the smart campus. The ultimate objective is to redefine the KPI indicatorsasthebasisforthegreencampusframework.
Oliver Bates., [15] Thiswork recognisesandcomprehends the daily requirements of those who reside, work, or attend school on campus. to make the campus infrastructure controlled-accessible so that we can better comprehendandimprovetheoperationoftheuniversity's
systems. The ultimate objective is to have total control overcampussystemstoresearchhowIoTaffectspeople.
Hsing-I Wang., [16] In this method, sensors are used to monitor the atmospheric CO2 concentration and turn on air conditioners appropriately to conserve electricity.
Table1:Tableconsistingofdifferentapproachesused,pros,consandoutcomesgatheredinthisliteraturesurvey
S.No Title Methodology Pros/Cons
1 [1]GreenCampusDesign forNationalInstituteof ScienceandTechnology: ImplementingUI GreenMetricCriteriato CreateEnvironmentally Friendly andSustainableCampus
Dronesassistinconducting locationsurveysattheresearch sitetocollectresearchdata, suchasthenumberofbuildings andthelimitsofthestudyarea. Thecampusarea,woodland vegetationarea,plantorgarden vegetationarea,andparking areawereallcalculatedusingan ArcGIStool.
PROS
Theyemployformulasto determinethe proportionoftheforest tothewholearea,which canhelptoraisethe scoreontheUIgreen measure.
CONS
Onlythevegetationis givenattention;other areas,suchasgarbage management,arenot.
2021
2 [2]TheGreenCampus ConceptImplementation BasedonEnvironmental andInfrastructure Arrangements:ACase StudyofSportsCenter Facilitiesand InfrastructureUniversity ofPapua,Indonesia
3 [3]GreenSmartCampus MonitoringandDetection UsingLoRa
Dataiscollectedfromthe studentsandtheinformationis discussedamongtheorganising team.Theysetnecessarygoals tomaketheplacemoregreener andsustainable.UIgreen metricsareusedtoevaluatethe greencampuseffectiveness. VariousmethodslikeSWOT analysisaredonetoevaluate theworkimplementation.
Amicrocontrollerisutilisedin thisarchitecture'sperception layertoconveythedatafrom thetemperatureandhumidity sensors.ThroughLoRa transmission,packetsaresent fromthenetworklayertothe receivingmodule.Thereturned dataisstoredinthedatabaseat theapplicationlayer,andthen thematerialthatneedstobe displayedisshownonthe monitoringwebpage.
Heretheyhaveusedwireless technologytoimplementthe smart/intelligentcampuswhile usingtheRFIDtags. Thisapproachimproves communication,security,and
PROS
Theyaremakingthe changeforsustainable development.
CONS
Theyareusing humans toapplychangesinthe environment.
PROS
Togetexactinformation ontemperatureand humidity,IoTsensors areemployed.
CONS
LoRaisacostlyaffair.It willrequirecomplex architectureand modulesfor transmission.
PROS
Thewirelesssensors introductiontothesmart campusframeworks promisesalotofgrowth ofthecampus.
2021
2021
2021
6
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Volume: 10 Issue: 02 | Feb 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
allowsforsystemconnections tolightinganddoorknobs. Creatingaseamlessstudent experience.
Dataanalysisandoptimization isalsodonetoimprovecampus activities.
Thepaperdemonstrateshow retrofittingoutdatedstructures withtherighttechnologycan helpachievethegoalof convertingsuchstructuresinto virtuallyzero-energybuildings (nZEB)atareasonableprice. TheinstallationofIoTdevices helpsthecampusasawhole conserveenergyandmanage theHVACsystem.
CONS
Therangeofthewireless sensorsislimitedsoit takesmorefundingto implementawireless networkalloverthe campus.
PROS
lowimplementation costs
Multipleaccesspoints shouldbeaccessible fromthesystem architecture.
CONS
Itisdifficulttointegrate newenergyand communicationsystems withtheexisting infrastructure.
2021
Itusesthe"Operatingby Automation"techniqueto intelligentlyequipthecampus. canresolveconflictsofinterest betweenstakeholdersanduse publicintelligencetoaddtothe system'sintelligence. summarisesthemanysmart campusframeworksthatare available.
PROS
Thecontrolandoverall performanceofthe campusareimprovedby theimplementationof thesmartframeworks.
CONS
Itisnecessarytohave peoplewhoare knowledgeableaboutthe frameworksbeing discussed.
2020
Thecreationofgreenuniversity policycommitteesandthe analysisofhistoricaldatato understandenergy consumptionarebothdone. Analysesandmonitoringare conductedduringvariousmodel preparationprocesses.Nine expertsevaluatethe appropriatenessofthemodel.
PROS
Thismodelanalyzesand usespastdataforenergy savingwhichwillhelpto buildabetterand efficientmodelthathas lowerrorandbetter performance.
CONS
Themodelsresultsare checkedandevaluated by9expertswhichtakes muchtimeandeffort.
2020
8 [8]Smartcampus: definition, Here,ahuman-centered learning-orientedsmartcampus
PROS
2020
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Volume: 10 Issue: 02 | Feb 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
framework,technologies, andservices isenvisioned,defined,and framedwiththemaingoalsof meetingstakeholderinterests andimprovingeducational performanceatthespeedof technologicaladvancement. Interdisciplinaryfactorsthat eithersupportorhinderthe smartcampusrevolutionare alsodiscussed.
9 [9]IoT-EnableGreen CampusEnergy ManagementSystem
Thetemperaturesensor measuresthesurroundingsand determinestheambient temperature.Thecampus's temperatureandlightingare thenmodifiedusingthisdata, whichissubsequentlysupplied toacloudplatform.
ProposedHLSCpromises theimprovementofthe campus.
CONS
Asmartcampus frameworkmaynot alwaysbefollowedas mentioned,sometimes thegoalsofstakeholders mayvary.
PROS
IoTcreatesaconnected world,whereeverything canbecollected automaticallywithout havingtohaveahuman presenttoobserveand notedownthe observation.
CONS
Maintainingbothcloud platformandIoTdevices takesalotofresources
2019
10 [10]PersonalVerification SystemUsingIDCardand FacePhoto
UsingDlib,FaceNetand ArcFace,theidcardandfacial matchingisdone.
Thefaceandidcardare detectedandbasedoneyebrow, headpositioningandlighting botharecomparedanda matchingpercentageisderived.
PROS
Accordingtotheresults oftheexperimental investigation,thesystem basedonArcFace producesthebest results,witha99.06% accuracyrateforface detectionanda96.09% accuracyrateforface comparison.
CONS
Modelhastobevery intenselytrained,to obtainahighaccuracy.
2019
11 [11]SmartInnovation Applicationsfora GreenhouseUsing Sustainableand RenewableEnergyinthe UAE
Usesthelatesttechandtoolsto conserveandatthesametime generateenergyforthe households.
Automationofthetoolstomake thehouseholdmore comfortable.
PROS
Themodelhasthe potentialtosavealotof energyandmoveinto sustainableliving.
CONS
Themodelmaychange basedonthe geographicallocationin
2018
12 [12]StudentPerceptionof SmartCampus:Acase studyofCzechRepublic andThailand
Varioussmartcampus techniques. Heretheyhaveusedthesurvey asatooltoknowthevarious requirementsforthesmart campusfromstudentsandtheir knowledgetowardsthesmart campus.
Usingthesurveystheywantto strengthentheKPIs.
whichthetechnologyis implemented.
PROS
Heretheirsurveyproves theefficiencyofthe smarttechinthe campuses.
CONS
Thebackgroundandthe conditionsoftheir campusesandother campusesmaydifferso theKPIsalsodiffer.
13 [13]Evaluationofthe GreenCampusApproach ontheCampusesinTurkey
Existingbuildingscanintegrate sustainableoperationsand maintenanceusingtheLEED-EB methodology.Asupply-side strategythatreducesenergyuse oncampushasvarious advantages,includingcost savingsfromlowerenergybills andaprofitableinvestment.
PROS
Numerousuniversitiesin Turkeyhaveadopted Greenapproachesand haveseenmanybenefits.
CONS
Somedevelopmentplans requireextensive researchandproper funding.
14 [14]TheDevelopmentofa SmartCampus-African UniversitiesPointofView
Theframeworkinthisarticleis onethatisbasedonkey performanceindicators(KPIs). Smartpeople,smarteducation, andasmartenvironmentare someoftheKPIsofthesmart campus.
Theultimateobjectiveisto redefinetheKPIindicatorsas thebasisforthegreencampus framework.
PROS
Thesuggested methodologyisidealfor Africancollegessince theyplaceastrong emphasisoncampus performanceindices. CONS
Obtainingdataforthe KPIsisadifficultstageto complete.
2017
15 [15]BeyondDatainthe SmartCity:Repurposing ExistingCampusIoT
Thisworkrecognisesand comprehendsthedaily requirementsofthosewho reside,work,orattendschool oncampus.
toregulateaccesstothecampus infrastructuresothatwemay betterunderstandandimprove theoperationofthecampus systems.
PROS
Makingamore interactivegreencampus communityisintegralin sustainingthecampus.
CONS
Sincethisisalarge, broadprojectthecosts arefairlyhighandmuch fundingisrequired.
2017
16 [16]GreenCampus Paradigmsfor
Inthismethod,sensorsareused tomonitortheatmosphericCO2
Itispossibleto
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 02 | Feb 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
SustainabilityAttainment inHigherEducation Institutions-AComparative Study
concentrationandturnonair conditionersappropriatelyto conserveelectricity.
effectivelyadminister thecomputer laboratories.Whenthe temperaturereachesa predetermined threshold,theair conditionerswon't switchontillthen.
CONS
Exacttemperature monitoringwillbe difficult,canonly approximate.
III. CONCLUSION
Fromtheaboveliteraturesurvey,wecansaythat manyof theresearchershaveusedvariousmethodstounderstand, automate and achieve a green campus. A common point that is being relayed on every paper is the integration of technology to make the campus more connected. Various methodologies are also mentioned such as LoRa, ArcGIS, FaceNet, LEED, BREEAM, ArcFace. We can observe that each paper focuses on different aspects such as HVAC control,data transmissionrate,greenbuildingframework, area mapping, facial matching, humidity control, lighting control. All of the methods have shown a reasonable decrease in energy reduction and increase in overall campus controls. Increasing funding and implementing highlyaccuratesensorscanensurebetterresults.
IV. REFERENCES
[1] Fatriansyah, J. F., Abdillah, F. A., & Alfarizi, F. R. (2021). Green Campus Design for National InstituteofScienceandTechnology:Implementing UIGreenMetricCriteriatoCreateEnvironmentally Friendly and Sustainable Campus. International Journal of Technology, 12(5),956-964.
[2] Marsudi,H.R.,Nugroho,B.,Bawole,R.,Raharjo,S., Sineri, A., & Mabuid, D. S. (2021). The Green Campus Concept Implementation Based on Environmental and Infrastructure Arrangements: A Case Study of Sports Center Facilities and Infrastructure University of Papua, Indonesia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education(TURCOMAT),12(14),3438-3453.
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[4] Chen, T. (2021). Smart campus and innovative education based on wireless sensor. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 81,103678.
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