Contribution of IoT & its Prospect in Bangladesh

Contribution of IoT & its Prospect in Bangladesh

1Assistant Professor (ICT), Bandarban Cantonment Public School & College, Bandarban, Bangladesh.

2Assistant Professor (Electrical), Sheikh Kamal Textile Engineering College, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh ***

Abstract - Currently, the world economy is at the stage of forming the fourth industrial revolution, which is said to raise the industry to a new qualitative level. In this article we have defined the impact of IoT along with the industrial revolution, its basic features and the most progressive aspects. We have analyzed the special features of industrial development in Bangladesh along with the industrial revolution of different countries. We have reviewed the experience of foreign countries in implementing state programs inthe context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. We have analyzedthe concept of Internet of Things as the basis for the development of a new wave of industrial revolution. We have studied its main benefits, its impact on the domestic and global economy and the expected consequences. We have investigated various challenges and remedies in the implementation of IoT related projects in the industrial sector of this country We have initially identified the application areas of IoT in the country and evaluated the overall issues of how they can be used for economic growth.

Key Words: IoT,IR4.0,COVID-19,ICT,GlobalMarket,etc

1.INTRODUCTION

InthewakeoftheFourthIndustrialRevolution,theworldis experiencingtechnologicaladvancementsandinnovations everyday.Therearesomanytechnologicaladvancements thatit's becomingmoredifficulttokeeptrack ofthemall! Frombeingcreatedusingintelligentmachinestoartificial intelligenceusedbyanapponyourmobilephone,there'sa lot to keep track of! Among all the technological advancements and innovations, one stands out – IoT (Internet of Things). IoT is an umbrella term for a set of hardwareordevicesthatcancommunicatewitheachother over the Internet to form a system. Kevin Ashton, a consumersensorexpertandinventor,coinedthetermIoTin 1999todescribethenetworkofconnectedobjectsoverthe Internet. However, it was only after Industry 4.0 that IoT technologyboomed.AccordingtoareportbyTheEconomic Times,theaveragehouseholdhastenconnecteddevicesand thiswillincreaseto50in2021.

2. What is IoT

The concept of IoT is based on the concept of a large numberofitemsorobjects.Radio-frequencyidentification (RFID) tags, sensors, actuators, cell phones, and other connected devices are widely used in IoT technology. In

general, IoT devices connect to one or more sensors or actuatorstoproduceanoutputinresponsetoaninput.Such systemscanprovidecustomcontrolsaswellasotherfeatures aspertheneedsoftheusers.Consideryourfriend'ssmartair conditioner: At the most basic level, it has a sensor that collectsthousandsofdatapointsonroomtemperatureand humidityeveryminute,readsandmakesdecisionsbasedon that data, and sends the data to his smartphone, whichhe then One can use an app on his smartphone to set the air conditionertemperatureremotelywhileparkingthecarin thegarage.

AlthoughalmostallofushaveheardaboutIoT,someofus arenotsurewhatexactlyIoTis.IoTstandsfor"Internetof Things" which is a network of unmanned devices and components. Often with IoT, we mean IoT devices. It is a physicalordigitaldeviceorsystemconnectedtotheInternet capable of sending or receiving data without human assistanceorintervention.

Withthetouchofthefourthindustrialrevolution,IoThas reachedeverywhereinthemodernworld.UsingIoTsmart kitchensystemyoucanmonitorgasconsumptioninsmart stove and optimize gas consumption with IoT connected smart gas stove. It remotely checks for leaks and safety hazards and notifies the user. Again the oven can be controlledremotely.

-1:Prosandconsofinternetofthings(IoT)

Insmarthomeapplications,manysensorsmonitorroom temperature,roomairquality,outdoorairquality,outdoor light quantity, etc. to optimize indoor air quality, temperature, lighting and other comfort and safety parameters. In addition to smart home applications, it

ensuresthatyourenergyusageisoptimized.Soitisreached thebedroom,livingroomandbalcony.

A smart factory or connected factory uses IoT. It has different sensors attached to each important point of movementinaproductionchain.Itmonitorswhichmachine isturningatwhatspeed,howitisusingfuel orelectricity. Howdoesitperformintermsofefficiencyandreliability?AI connected IoT smart factory can find out which manufacturingplantorwhichpartoftheindustryisslowing downyourmanufacturingprocess.Thenfactoryownerscan easilyreplacethatpartormachinetoachieveoverallhigher productivity.

Further,IoT-enabledfarmingsystemsarenowinmotion. Itsensesreal-timeweather,rainandmoistureconditions,soil nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, pH, and other important parametersaroundthecrop.Next,thesefarmingIoTsystems advisewhenandhowmuchtosowyourcropsandautomate the watering process to reduce costs and maximize production.

ThusIoThastouchedeverysphereoflifeandraisedthe standard of living to a different level in terms of comfort, profitandproductivityrate.

Globally,theapplicationsofIoTtechnologyhaveawide spectrum. Below is mentioned a list of a few such applications:

 Agriculture

 ConsumerUse

 Healthcare

 Insurance

 Manufacturing

 Retail

 Transportation

 Utilities/Energy

 Wearables

 TrafficMonitoring

 FleetManagement

 Hospitality

 SmartGridandEnergySaving

 WaterSupply

 MaintenanceManagement

 SmartHome

 SmartPollutionControl

 SmartCities

 WaterandWasteManagement

Fig -2:InteractionwithIoTandvariousworlds

Due to its adaptability to any sector capable of providing accurate information about its services, efficiency, managementandevenenvironmentalconditionsthatcanbe monitored and managed, IoT technology is widely used acrosstheglobe.AccordingtoStatista,aGermancompany that specializes in business and consumer data, the IoT technologymarketisprojectedtoexpandto28.7%CAGRto nearly$1.6trillionby2025.Smarthomesolutions,oneofthe mostusedconsumersegments.IoTtechnologywillgrowto $53.45billionby2022(Statista).Incontrast,theIoTmarket inmanufacturingwasestimatedat$187.33billionin2018, withaCAGRof18.07%forecasttoreach$487.30billionby 2024(MarketWatch).SincetheonsetofIndustry4.0there hasbeenahighdemandfortransparencyandtraceabilityin manufacturingprocessesandsupplychainnetworks.Dueto itsstrongpositionindatacollectionandanalysis,IoTdevices meetmostoftherequirementsneededtomeetsuchneeds. Asaresultofthedevelopmentofnetworkhardwareusedin IoT,businesseshaveaconstantdemandtoimplementanew generationofsystemsthatenableautomatedandreal-time interaction between different components of multiple businessdomains.

4. IoT in Bangladesh

Likeothercountriesoftheworld,theIoTmarketisgrowing at the same rate in Bangladesh. In 2018, Bangladesh TelecommunicationRegulatoryCommission(BTRC)issued an order to legalize IoT in Bangladesh. It mentions nine sectors where IoT technology can be used in the country: smart building, industrial automation, smart grid, water management,wastemanagement,smartagriculture,telecare, intelligent transport system, environmental management, smart urban lighting and smart parking. Sectors that contribute the most to our country's economy are increasingly adopting such technologies. For example, the country'sagriculturesector,whichemploysthemajorityof the country's population, has started adopting IoT technology. Local startups have started offering IoT-based

advancedagriculturesolutions,includingsystemsthattrack livestock sleep, heat cycles and behavior in real time and providetimelyrecommendationstofarmers.Millennialsare becomingincreasinglydependentonsmarthomeassistants like Amazon's Alexa to provide more convenience in their daily lives, demonstrating growing market demand in this area.IoThasahugeuntappedpotentialinmanysectorsin Bangladesh,suchastransportationsecurity,environmental monitoring, healthcare management, utility management, smartgridandsocialsecuritymanagement.

5. Areas that can benefit from IoT

Thinkofthesectorsthatcontributemoretothecountry's economy.TheyareprobablythebestfieldforIoTapplication aswellasotherlatestinnovations.Ifwecantakeadvantage ofIoT,wecanstayaheadofourcompetitors.Theoppositeis alsotrue.Ifwedon'tbringtechnologieslikeIoTwhereweare alittleaheadofothercountries,wewillloseourupperhand innotime.

Bangladeshisdoingwellinthegarmentsector.Itistrue thatwehaveverycheaplabor.Butifwecanusethislabor moreefficiently,productivitywillsurelyimprove.VariousIoT applicationscantrackworkersandshowstatisticsthatcan helpdecisionmakersmakecriticaldecisionsmoreaccurately. IoTSmartFactory,ConnectedIndustrySuchapplicationscan helpusreachapositionwherewearecomfortablyaheadof others.Thewesternworldistryingtocreateanautomated garment factory where clothes will be made without any humanintervention.Wehaveenoughmanpower.Butifthey reallydoautomateit,itwillmakethingsdifficultforus.Then again, to grow an industry you'll need some supporting industriesnearby.Soeveniftheyareautomated,itwillbe some time before we have a complete ecosystem in place there.Wecanusethisfact.Wecangoforahybridapproach. Findoutwhatarethecategoriesofautomaticdressmaking workthatwecanachievehighspeedinproduction.Wecan then try to automate those departments using artificial intelligence-driven IoT (AIoT). In the rest, where human beingsaredoinggreatwork,wecanhavehumanworkers.

The agricultural sector ofBangladesh is one of the sectors where most of its population earns their livelihood. Bangladesh ranks second in freshwater fish production in 2020. The use of IoT can increase the efficiency of fish productionandtakeustoaplacewherenoonecanbeatusin ashortperiodoftime.VariousIoTbasedwatermonitoring and environmental control solutions can significantly increasefishproduction.Againhighprecisionagricultureor precisionagriculturecanincreaseourcropproductivityand increaseourGDPbyasignificantamount.Blueeconomyor oceanbasedincomeisanotherpromisingsectorthatwecan useIoT.Bangladeshhashugepotentialinblueeconomy.16% of our country's total fish production is from the sea. Alarmingly,adeadzonehasbeenfoundintheBayofBengal.

Theareaofthisdeadzoneis60000squarekilometers.There is not enough oxygen in this area of the ocean for fish to survive. Most of this dead zone is within India's maritime boundaries,butBangladeshalsohasaportion.WeneedIoT basedmonitoringandresearchtotrackdeadzonesandfind out problems and solutions. Most importantly we need to ensurethatitnolongerentersourmaritimeborders.Ifthis happens,ourfishproductionwillsurelydecreaseandmany people in the coastal areas will become jobless. Dhaka's traffic jam problem is known to everyone. Smart city applicationscanbeusedtoreducetrafficproblemsandsave people'seffectivetime.Therearemanyothersectorswhere specificdomainexpertscansuggestimprovementsusingIoT.

6. Contribution of IoT in IR 4.0

IoTisakeypartoftheIndustry4.0strategythatworksto create flexible and connected digital factories where communicationbetweenallpartsofthesystemisfacilitated. Thebestaspectoftoday'stechnologieslikeIoT,AIandBig Dataisthehugerangeofapplicationsandservicestheyoffer. These technologies are working directly and indirectly in variouspartsofthefactorywhicharevisibletoall.Besides, they continue to work in other fields like planning and managementinfactories.Manufacturerscanevenintegrate customersandbusinesspartnersintostandardsandbusiness processes.

7. IoT in different sectors during COVID-19

VarioussectorswereaskedtoensuretheuseofInternetof Things(IoT)servicesduringCOVID-19.64%ofourlargest population used IoT services during COVID-19 in the educationsector.About36%ofusersuseIoTintheoffice.A significantnumberofusers(28%)usedInternetofThings (IoT)servicesinthebankingsectorsandthemedicalsector wasabout15%.

8. IoT Market Fundamentals

ImplementinganIoTsolutionrequiresgeneratingdata, networkconnectivityandcomputingpowertoprocessdata sentoverthenetworktogenerateinformationandinsights from sensors/RFID tags. Taken to a higher level, the information generated can be fed back into systems to automatically control manufacturing processes such as product manufacturing, monitoring blood sugar levels in diabetics and more efficient inventory management. AccordingtoIoTAnalytics,themajorityofIoTprojectsarein smartcities,connectedindustries,connectedbuildingsand connectedcarswithmostinitiativesfocusingoncost-cutting applications.Recently,Datasofthasbeenattheforefrontof IoTdevelopmentinBangladesh(andservingclientsabroad aswell),althoughmajortelecomoperatorshavealsostarted offeringservicessuchasvehicletrackingsystemsandplanto launch a wider range of services in the effort. To diversify theirofferingsasrevenuesfromnon-dataservicesdecline.In April, Datasoft plans to launch 4 IoT devices to enable subscription-basedcustomerstodetectgasandwaterleaks, aswellassmokeandintrusionsintheirhomes.Thecompany has signed an MoU with Grameenphone for greater IoT developmentinthecountry.The3majortelecomoperators in the country have also started offering a number of IoTenabled solutions such as smart security, smart presence, smarthomes,industrialIoTandsmartenterprise.Theyalso announcedplanstodevelopawidervarietyofservicesinthe future.

TheglobalindustrialIoTmarketsizewasestimatedatUSD 473.27 billion in 2023 and is expected to hit around USD 1742.8billionby2030.

8. Challenges

Despitethehugemarketpotentialinthistechnology,some hurdlesneedstobeaddressedfirstforrapidmarketgrowth.

 First, the country needs to ensure a strong internet connection is properly distributed as this is the most fundamental part of IoT technology. Although Bangladesh has successfully tested the launch of 5G mobileinternet,3Gpenetrationisstilllackingacrossthe country.

 Second,weakindustry-academiapartnershipsinlocal relevantindustriesresultinalackoftechnicallyskilled manpower, which creates a substantial deficit in researchanddevelopment(R&D)resources.

 Third,mostmarketleadersareeitherconcernedornot interestedintakingadvantageofthebenefitsthatIoT technologies can provide One of the reasons for such concern is that incorporating such technology may createdisruptionsintheday-to-dayprocessesoftheir business.

 Finally,themostimportantchallengeistheinstabilityof powersupplyacrossthecountry,bothforhouseholds and industries. IoT technology requires an uninterrupted power supply to operate at its full potential.

9. Specializing on IoT

Despitesuchchallenges,BondsteinTechnologiesisworking atfullcapacitytoincubatethegrowthofIoTtechnologyin Bangladesh. It is helping businesses integrate with such connected technology and leverage operational efficiency.

The company makes advanced B2B IoT solutions using hardware produced by its assembly unit. The company’s envisions creating a network of connected devices and ensure the ability to remotely monitor and control them throughasecuredprocess.

9. What is the solution?

AlthoughIoTisoneofthemostdifficultsectorstosecure when it comes to digital security, it is not impossible. We needtoensurethatwedeploysecure,certifiedandapproved IoTsolutions.Evenifitisnotcertified,theorganizationor individualreceivingitshouldverifyitwithadigitalsecurity expert or private organization. It doesn't have to be a governmentagencybutitcanalsobeaprivateorganization thatyoucantrust.

IoT security is a major area of research and along with a simplebutprovencybersecuritysolution;therearealsonew ways that are coming to secure the IoT once and for all. Blockchain-basedIoTsecurityisoneofthenewestwaysto protectIoT.Also,weneedtoexplorenewways.Besides,tobe successfulinIoT,youneedtodowellinhardware.Weneed toensurethatwecanmanufactureourselvestoensurethe use of IoT in every sector in Bangladesh. Otherwise, we cannot accept it at a fast rate. Not all IoT applications can possiblybeproducedbyasinglecountry.Butwecantryto create as many categories as possible by evaluating the impactandimportanceofthosedevicesandkeepinginmind our capabilities. Thank God, Bangladesh has a young generationmakingitsmarkininternationalICTcompetitions like ACM ICPC, International Mathematical Olympiad, InternationalBlockchainOlympiad,etc.Wehavecheaplabor whichisessentialformanufacturingIoTdevicesonalarge scale. We have a government that wants digitization. By combining all these we can achieve an unprecedented positionintheadoptionandexportofIoTdevelopment.Ifwe areabletodothis,webelieveoureconomywillbeoneofthe brightestdigitaleconomiesintheworld.

10. Factors that can be a positive catalyst

AswedevelopIoTonalargescaletodriveoureconomywe mustfocusonothertechnologiesthataredisruptiveandwill workalongsideIoT.Someoftheseareblockchain,artificial intelligence, big data analytics, hardware development, embeddedsystemdevelopment,etc.Thesearesimilartothe fitness required to run the IoT race. I believe quantum computerscouldbethekeytofuturesecuritygovernance. We need ready and loaded experts in this field. The government has been investing in these sectors for some time.Butwedon'tseeenoughprivatesectorinvestmentin this advanced computing field. Also, various public and privateorganizationsshouldalsodevelopthehabitofusing localIoTsolutionsinsteadofexpensiveforeignproductsto inspirelocalentrepreneurs.

11. Way Forward to IoT

For Bangladesh to accelerate growth through IoT, it must overcomethechallengesassociatedwithimplementingIoT solutions. This includes raising awareness of the issue amongseniorleadersinbothpublicandprivateenterprises and building strong industry-academia collaboration to preparetheworkforcefortheever-changingtechnological landscape.Despitesomeinitiativesbysomecompaniesinan efforttofostergreatercollaborationwithhighereducation institutions,currentpracticeslackadequacy.ForBangladesh to become truly digital addressing, the challenge will go a longwayinwritingthecountry'sgrowthstory.

12. Conclusion

Although Bangladesh still has a long way to develop its infrastructure in internet connectivity; electricity and its people have to be more adaptive to incorporating new technologies. To host the fastest and most demanding technology–IoT,thecountryhastobeheavilyresponsiveto overcomethechallengeswithinashortperiod.Bangladesh still hasalongwaytogotodevelopinternetconnectivity, electricityinfrastructureanditspeopleneedtoadaptmore to incorporate new technologies. To host the fastest and mostdemandingtechnology–IoT,thecountryneedstobe massively responsive to overcome challenges in a short periodoftime.

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