Review on Effect of Foundry Sand And Magnetic Water on Strength of Concrete

Review on Effect of Foundry Sand And Magnetic Water on Strength of Concrete

Abstract

Foundry sand is used in metal industries for casting and moulding purposes. There comes a time when this sand cannot be reused and is dumped. Due to uncontrolled dumping of foundry sand, the environment is getting affected negatively. When it comes to foundry sand, India is the second largest producer in the world. As an alternative to dumping, foundry sand can be used in concrete to increase its compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength, foundry sand partially replaces the sand used in concrete which also proves to be economic.

Using foundry sand may enhance these properties but as per previous studies, it can also reduce the workability to some extent.

Magnetized water not only increases the workability but also alters the hydration process and breaks down the water clusters into smaller one or a single molecule. Some studies have also come up with the fact that, the cement content is also reduced.

Key Words: Foundry Sand, Magnetized Water, Workability,Strength,etc.

1. INTRODUCTION

Foundry sand is the waste that is generated by casting industries. Basically, metal industries use natural sand forthepreparationoftheirproducts.Duringproduction, ferrous and non-ferrous particles get mixed with the sand. That sand is used several times for production purposesandthenatimecomeswhenitcannotbeused again, so the industries simply dump it. This final waste productorby-productisknownasFoundrySand.

Asperpreviousstudiesconductedonthistopic,foundry sand consists mostly of silica sand that is clean, uniformly sized, and of high quality. Industries generate almost 95 percent of foundry sand and it consumes a large percentage of landfill space every year. The disposal techniques include spreading on cropland and running off into lakes and streams due to which the waterresourcesdryandturnunfitforuseanditcanalso causeharmtocattle.Indiaproducesabout3milliontons of foundry sand annually and is the second-largest

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produceroffoundrysandintheworld.

Thefoundrysandcanbeusedinconcretebyreplacinga certain percentage of sand as it is cheaper and also increasesthestrengthofconcrete.Thefoundrysandisof twotypes;greensandandchemicallybondedsand.

Potablewater,anotherimportantingredientofconcrete, plays a majorrole in theconcrete mix,startingfromthe hydration process of cement, proper curing, and also managing the workability and durability of concrete. As per previous data obtained, to enhance the hydrogen bond of water can be passed through a magnetic field which will break the clusters of water into single molecules or smaller molecules. Thus, the magnetic water will actively participate in the hydration process and therefore the compressive strength of concrete will increase and workability will also be good. Reduction in cementcontentcanalsobeachieved.

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

 Construction field is the second largest user of potable water next to agriculture. Water consumption is raising as the population and human needs grows. In construction field the potable water is used in concrete for mixing, curing and highly helpful in the hydration process.

 Toreducetheuseofpotablewater, magnetizedwater is usedwhichenhancesthemechanicalpropertiesofwater and also preserves the quality. Water is termed as homogenous but it is not the case in nano scale. When water is passed through a magnetic field, changes take placeatnanoscale.

3. AIM

 Tostudythestrengthbehaviorandeconomicimpact onconcreteafteradditionofMagnetizedWater

4. OBJECTIVES

 Tostudythechangeincompressivestrength,split tensilestrengthandflexuralstrength.

 Todeterminetheeconomicimpactafterusingmagnetic water.

5. LITERATURE REVIEW

“Use Of Magnetic Water For Mixing And Curing Of Concrete” by B Siva Konda Reddy, Dr. Vaishali G Ghorpade,DrHSudarsanaRao-2014

Studied use of magnetic water for mixing and curing of concrete. They used circular magnet of 985 gauss for preparing MW. Using of magnetic water in concrete mixing showed an increasing short-term strength of concrete at 28 days by 12.62%, 21.5%, 45% in the split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength respectively. Concrete cubes casted with NW and cured with MW showed very small increase compressive strength compare to MW casted cubes cured in MW at veryearlyageofhydration.

“The Experimental Study on Strength Behavior of Concrete Using Foundry Sand as A Fine Aggregate”, 2017,bySHariHaraSudanandDrMNeelamegam.

They replaced the foundry sand in the range of 0% to 60%bytheweightofM25 gradeconcrete.Twotypesof foundry sand were used such as green sand and chemically bonded sand. Concrete mixtures are tested for7,14- and28-days strengtharefoundoutintermsof compressive (cube specimen size 150mm* 150mm* 150mm),splittensile(cylindricalspecimensize150mm* 300mm) and flexural strength (beam specimen size 700mm* 150mm* 150mm). From the results it is concludedthattheoptimumpercentageofreplacingfine aggregate with green sand is 40% and the optimum percentage of replacing fine aggregate by chemically bondedsandis30%.

“Performance Evaluation of Magnetic Field Treated Water on Conventional Concrete” by Pradnya S UbhaleAndProf.Dr. AbhijeetPWadekar – 2018

Anexperimentalprogramwasundertakenwhichconsist ofconcretegradesofM15,M20,M25,M30,M40andalso on water sample. Improvement has been noticed in workability as well as compressive strength. Study shows increased compressive strength of concrete preparedbypurifiedwateris12%to14%.Butincaseof ground water magnetic treatment improves characteristicstrengthofconcretebyabout30to49%.

“Strength Permeation and Nano Studies on Fly Ash Based Magnetic Water Concrete” by Y. Kiranmai And K.NagaSreenivasaRao- 2018

Study has shown that the compressive strength of magnetized water concrete is more than normal water concrete by 38.1%, 12.7%, 10.8%, 18.3% and 18.1% of M30Gradeat7,14,21,28and60Daysrespectively.The compressive strength of magnetized water concrete is

more than normal water concrete by 7.5%, 15.3%, 13.8%, 22.03% and 11.3% of M40 grade at 7,14, 21, 28 and 60 Days respectively. Thermo gravimetric analysis of MWFC samples improved by 2% and 6% for M30 gradeand by3%and4%forM40grade when magnetic water is used instead of normal water for preparing concreteat28and60Daysrespectively.

“Strength Behaviour of Concrete Produced With Foundry Sand As Fine Aggregate Replacement”.Shaik Ahamed Mynuddin, M Mohan, T Indeasena Reddy, NomulaPratikReddy,8April2018

Theirstudydemonstratestheuseofwastefoundrysand as partial replacement of fine aggregate like 10%, 20%, and30%.Theytestedspecimensfor7days and28days of curing were results shows 30% replacement of sand givesmaximumcompressiveaswellasflexuralstrength for 28 days of curing period. The studies mention the it helpsinpreparinggreenconcrete.

“An Experimental Study on the Use of Magnetized WaterinConcretewith M Sandas Fine Aggregate”by HarshaRamachandran,SruthiDasK – 2018

Four mixes are used in the study they are, NMNCNormal water Mixing and Normal water Curing, NMMCNormal water Mixing and Magnetized water curing, MMNC- Magnetized water Mixing and Normal water Curing, MMMC- Magnetized water Mixing and Magnetized water Curing. From the observations it is found that the magnetized water concrete is highly workable than normal water concrete. The compressive strengthtestisconductedonsamplesat7and28daysof curing.Thereisaslightincreaseinstrengthfor7daysof curing but for 28 days curing a noticeable increase has beseen.Aspertheir results theincrease of58.72%was observedinthecompressivestrengthsofconcretecubes madeandcuredinmagneticwaterwhencomparedwith theconventionalconcrete.Thereisa30%increasein28 dayssplittensilestrengthforspecimenwithbothmixing andcuringisdonebymagnetizedwater.

“Effect of Magnetic Water in Strength of Concrete” by N. Muthu Prakash, S Aravindhan, G. Dinesh, P. Sachithananthan,R.Kalaimani -2019

To study the effect of magnetic water on concrete strength,M30concreteiscasted.Thewatercementratio is taken as 0.45. The main focus is on the compressive strength of concrete when magnetized water and magnetized industrial treated waste water is used. The cement used is Portland pozzolana cement. Crushed locally available hard basalt stone of maximum size of 20mm is utilized. The fine aggregate used is manufactured sand which passes through the 4.75mm. Based on the experimental work the compressive

strengthofconcreteis32.860%,23.32%,12.940%for7, 14,28daysrespectivelyascomparedtoTW.

“Effect of waste foundry sand and fly ash on mechanical and fresh properties of concrete”, Dec 2020, by T. V. Reshma, M. Manjunatha, S. Shankalparsi,H.M.Tanu.

30% fly ash is used as a partial replacement of cement and Natural river sand is replaced with waste foundry sand in varying percentages for M40 grade concrete. Thereisaimprovementinslumpvaluewithanaddition up to 30% replacement of WFS. It is observed that the compaction factor value improves marginally with increase in WFS and has reached maximum at 20% replacement of WFS. Thereafter compactor factor is decreasinggraduallyfrom0.965to0.94andthento0.91. Inconcretemixcombination,10%and20%replacement of WFS shows better compaction than other mix percentages. The full strength of 47.25 MPa is obtained for30%replacementafter90daysofcuring.

“Influence of Magnetized Water on Fibre Reinforced Concrete” by Aishwarya Kharde, Vijaykumar Rathi, PramodKolase- 2020

4500gauss strong magnet isused. From result they concludedthatmagnetizedwaterismoreworkablethan that of normal concrete. The specimens casted with magnetic water show an average increase of 14.93 % in compressive strength as compare to normal water. It is concludedthatthemagneticwaterconcreteisdurableas compared to normal concrete. The decrease in compressive strength of MWC is 1.71% less than NWC afteracidattack.

“Employment of Magnetic Water In Construction” by RawaAAl-Safy- 2021

Study shows the influence of magnetic water on cement paste and mortar, concrete with adhesives for selfcompaction. Both tap water and magnetized water was usedto mixcement mortar of1:3mixingratio. Sulphate resistance Portland cement type V and fine aggregate of gradingzone2withdifferentwatercementratiosof0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6. Higher enhancement in compressive strength was reported for magnetic water samples that tested after 7 days of curing. This improvement was (22.73%, 18.52%, 20%, 18.37% and 20%) for w/c of (0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6) respectively. Study shows the enhancement of strength of concrete with changing watercementratio.

“Influence

by Malathy Ramalingam, Karuppasamy Narayanan, Arivoli Masilamani,

Parthiban Kathirvel, Gunasekaran Murali and NikolaiIvanovichVatin.

Topreparethemagneticwater,themagnetwith0.9tesla intensity were used by them for different exposure periodof60mins,45mins,30mins,15mins,andinstant exposure. The mix ratio of M20 concrete leading to a ratioof1:1.82:3.10withaw/cof0.5.Thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the development of hydration process. It is observed that the use of MW at 28 days improves the compressive strength by 24.1% more than ordinary water. From the outcome of results, itwasfoundthatwaterexposurefor60minsisoptimum formix.

“Review

On Effects Of Magnetic Water On Concrete” by Sagar R. Raul, Pratik H. Rathod and Vikas R. Bankar – 2022

They studied work done by some researchers on use of magnetic water in concrete after studying on multiple work the they get result The addition of MW the compressive strength of concrete showed very significant increase in early stages of hydration and at 28daysthisincreaseisaround55%andat360thefinal increaseinthecompressivestrengthisaround52%.The increase in compressive strength attributes to the enhanced hydration process in MWC due to availability ofmoresurfaceareaofwaterforhydrationprocess.The splittensilestrengthincreaseisabout12.5%inMWCat 28 days and 365 days. Similarly, the flexural strength increase is about 21% at 28 days of curing, this further increasedto29%at365daysinMWC.

“Improvement of Hydration Products for SelfCompacting Concrete by Using Magnetized Water”, 2022, by A. A. ELShami, Noura Essam, El-Shikh M. Yousrythe.

In this they study improve the fresh, mechanical, and microstructural properties of SCC using MW. For this purpose, a total of 12 mixes were produced with silica fume (SF) content (5% and 10% by weight of cement), and the mixing water passed through a permanent magneticfield(withastrengthof1.4T)for50,100,and 150cycles.

Magnetizedwatersignificantlyimproved theworkability whereanincreaseof11%wasrecordedcomparedtotap Water. The mixes containing magnetized water in all ages have higher compressive, splitting, and flexural strengths than Their control mix. The best resultsinthe increase in tensile and flexural strength reached 22% and40%,respectively,at90days.

of Magnetic Water on Concrete Properties with Different Magnetic Field Exposure Times.”,2022,

“Effect of Magnetic Water on Concrete Parameters” studied by Vaibhav Arun Kamble, Gaurav

Someshwar Budge, Prasad Madhukar Tumade, AjinkyaSanjayWagh,JayashreeDhakeinApril2022.

The study was conducted on the concrete grade of M30 withthetestingspecimen.Magneticwaterwasprepared by passing normal tap water through magnetic field generated by electromagnets in physics lab. Water was rotating in electromagnetic field for 120 minutes for 3 literswater.Itwasfoundthatthepercentageofconcrete samples cast and cured with magnetized water is 20% higherthantheconventionalsamples.

6. OBSERVATIONS AND GAP ANALYSIS

1. Foundry sand is compatible to replace normal sand bypercentageonly.

2. Foundrysandcanreplacenormalsandby0%-60%.

3. Foundry sand increases the compressive strength, splittensilestrengthandflexuralstrength.

4. Use of foundry sand has an impact on the economy oftheproject.

5. Almost every study is carried out on concrete of gradeaboveM30.

6. Magnetic water breaks the clusters in water into smaller ones or a single molecule when used for mixingpurpose.

7. Magnetic water increases the workability of concreteandcanalsobeusedforcuring.

8. Foundry sand and Magnetized water have never beenusedtogetherinasingleproject.

Table-1:

7. METHODOLOGY

8. CONCLUSION

Expected

1.

are partially replacing fine aggregate with waste foundrysand.

2. Increase in compressive strength as well as workabilityafterusingmagnetizedwater.

9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is a great pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude and thanks to our Project Guide Mrs. Smita .V. Pataskar andHOD,Dr.Ashok.B.More,fortheirvaluable ideas, instantaneous help, effective support for publishingreviewpaperofthisproject.

REFERENCES

1. “Use Of Magnetic Water For Mixing And Curing Of Concrete”,Oct-Dec2014,byBSivaKondaReddy,Dr. VaishaliGGhorpade,DrHSudarsanaRao.

2. “The Experimental Study on Strength Behavior of Concrete Using Foundry Sand as A Fine Aggregate”, 2017,bySHariHaraSudanandDrMNeelamegam.

3. In 2018 “Performance Evaluation of Magnetic Field Treated Water on Conventional Concrete” by PradnyaSUbhaleAndProf.Dr.AbhijeetPWadekar.

4. “Strength Permeation and Nano Studies on Fly Ash Based Magnetic Water Concrete”, 2018, by Y. KiranmaiAndK.NagaSreenivasaRao.

5. Shaik Ahamed Mynuddin, M Mohan, T Indeasena Reddy,NomulaPratikReddy,8April2018,“Strength BehaviourofConcreteProducedWithFoundrySand AsFineAggregateReplacement”.

6. “An Experimental Study on the Use of Magnetized WaterinConcretewithMSandasFineAggregate”in June2018byHarshaRamachandran,SruthiDasK

7. “Effect of Magnetic Water in Strength of Concrete” March 2019 by N. Muthu Prakash, S. Aravindhan, G.Dinesh,P.Sachithananthan,R.Kalaimani.

8. “Effect of waste foundry sand and fly ash on mechanical and fresh properties of concrete”, Dec 2020, by T. V. Reshma, M. Manjunatha, S. Shankalparsi,H.M.Tanu.

9. “Influence ofMagnetized Water onFibreReinforced Concrete”,2020, by Aishwarya Kharde, Vijaykumar Rathi,PramodKolase.

10. “Employment of Magnetic Water In Construction”, July2021byRawaAAl-Safy,

11. “InfluenceofMagneticWateronConcreteProperties with Different Magnetic Field Exposure

Times.”,2022, by Malathy Ramalingam, Karuppasamy Narayanan, Arivoli Masilamani, ParthibanKathirvel,GunasekaranMuraliandNikolai IvanovichVatin.

12. “ReviewOnEffectsOfMagneticWaterOnConcrete”, 2022,bySagarR.Raul,PratikH.RathodandVikasR. Bankar.

13. “Improvement of Hydration Products for SelfCompacting Concrete by Using Magnetized Water”, 2022, by A. A. ELShami, Noura Essam, El-Shikh M. Yousrythe.

14. “Effect of Magnetic Water on Concrete Parameters” studied by Vaibhav Arun Kamble, Gaurav Someshwar Budge, Prasad Madhukar Tumade, AjinkyaSanjayWagh,JayashreeDhakeinApril2022.

BIOGRAPHIES

Mr Vishwa Nikam, “Final Year Student of DYPCOE, Akurdi, Pune (DepartmentofCivilEngineering)”

Mr Abhishek Patil, “Final Year Student of DYPCOE, Akurdi, Pune (DepartmentofCivilEngineering)”

Ms. Girisha Pawar, “Final Year Student of DYPCOE, Akurdi, Pune (DepartmentofCivilEngineering)”

Mr. Sainath Patil, “Final Year Student of DYPCOE, Akurdi, Pune (DepartmentofCivilEngineering)”

Mrs Smita .V. Pataskar, “Professor in DYPCOE, Akurdi, Pune (Department of Civil Engineering)”