A Review on Safety Management System in School Bus

A Review on Safety Management System in School Bus

1Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication, Vidyavardhaka college of Engineering, Karnataka, India

2Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication, Vidyavardhaka college of Engineering, Karnataka, India

3Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication, Vidyavardhaka college of Engineering, Karnataka, India

4Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication, Vidyavardhaka college of Engineering, Karnataka, India

5 Asst. Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication, Vidyavardhaka college of Engineering, Karnataka, India ***

Abstract - An essential component of providing children with a quality education is ensuring their safety as they movebetweenschoolandhome.Withcrimeandaccidents occurring frequently, parents are worried about their childrengoingtoschool.Inthispaper,adetailedreviewof latestworksthatwereimplementedinthearenaofsmart school bus management system is presented. The paper briefs about the different sensors used, use of recent technologies,itsworkingandfuturework.

Key Words: RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), SMS (Short Message Service), GPS (Global Positioning System), GSM (Global System of Mobile Communication), VANET (Vehicular ad hoc Network), API (Application Programming Interface), IOT (Internet of Things), VBBS (Vehicle Black Box System).

1. INTRODUCTION

In the modern world, ensuring safety and well-being is a crucialissue.Forstudents,schooltransportationshouldbea reliablemeansofcommunication.Anappropriatesolution for the secured transportation of children has become a crucial concern since the implementation of the School Transport Security, the Executives Act in 2012, which focusesontheenginetransport,drivers,andotherissues. There have been numerous accounts of children experiencing difficulties while moving. Kids' safety is typically the top concern for parents and school staff, especiallywhiletheyareapartfromtheirchildren.Theyare constantlyconcernedtomakesurethatallnecessarysafety precautionsarebeingperformed.Forinstance,parentsare frequentlyconcernedabouttheirchild'sarrival.

1.1 Safety Management System

The proposed framework shows that the RFID following innovationisafunctionalchoiceforobservingandfollowing thestudentsduringtheirtransportationtoandfromschool, onschooltransport.Theframeworkwillinformguardians bySMSatwhateverpointyoungstersentersorleavesschool transport, this will guarantee guardians that kids are securely reached to objective. GPS and Google maps are utilizedforrouteandshowbenefitsseparately.GSMutilized forsendingreadymessage.Theframeworktrackstheschool transport by the GPS Module and furthermore gives a

caution in the event that the transport crosses as far as possible.TheGPSModuleisutilizedforlivefollowingofthe SchoolTransportsandalarmingontheoffchancethatfire mishap happens and send an alarm message to the guardians, school and furthermore for the fire motor and moreoverwecanlikewisescreentheailmentsofthedriver andcautiontheauthoritiesintheeventofanyunfortunate behavior.Alarmingtheconcernedpeoplewhenthetransport facesanymishapisadditionallymadeconceivable.

2. Literature Review

SMalathyet.al[1]developedadesigninwhichaSensible bus tracking system was created. The requirements for a generalsensiblebustrailingsystemarestated.Itinformsthe general public, students, faculty, and school service corporations about the accurate placement of the mobile schoolservicevehicle.Forthedevelopmentoftheapplication package,theplannedsystemmakesuseofbothinternetand mobileplatforms,aswellascurrenttechnologies.Themobile applicationsimplifiesaccessforchildren/studentsandtheir faculty,andparentscaneasilytrack theirchildren'sbuses. The utility corporations can register new students and confirmbusroutes.Thebenefitsofthissystemincludecost efficiency,protection,andensuringthesafetyofchildren.

RajaGodwinDet.al[2]developedasystemwhichensures thesafetyofchildreninschoolbusduringthetransportation. ThesystemconsistsofRFIDReaderwhichislocatedinthe bus and it detects the tags of the child. Once the tag is detected the notificationalong with the data is sent to the

relevantauthorities.Theyhavecreatedanapplicationwhere theparentscanlogintoitandobtainthedetailsabouttheir childrenandalsotrack thelocationofthebus.Thesystem alsoincludesafeaturewheretheadmincanaddoneormore ofstopsandgeneratearouteandalsotrackthelivelocation of the bus. The future work mentioned is to enhance the systembyimplementingParkingManagementSystemusing VANETandalsotoextendthesystemforfull-timemonitoring withminimumcost.

IlkerKorkmazandAlpCamci[3]usedavarietyofopen, cutting-edge technologies to design and construct an architecture that encompasses both web and mobile platforms. Kids and students can use the smartphone applicationtomakeuseofschoolserviceswiser,andparents can quickly track their children's transportation. Additionally,busserviceproviderscanquicklyregisternew kidsandchoosetheschoolbuses'itinerariesonadynamic basis. Scalability, flexibility, affordability, security, and dependability are all features of the system. The use case scenariosarecreatedforvarioussystemactors.Onthebasis ofthedesigncriteria,aprototypesystemisputintopractice. When developing system software, open software frameworksarepreferred.Integratedthird-partyopenAPI servicesareemployedintheroutingprocessforthedynamic establishmentoftheroutes.Withseveraltestscenarios,the entiresystemistested.Forthetestedprototype,someruntimeoutputscreenshotsofthegraphicaluserinterfacesof the mobile application are displayed. These sample user interfacesshowhowuser-friendlytheprogramisgiventhat the system works automatically in the background. According to the test findings, the application met all the criterianeededtobeasuccessfulsmartbustrackingsystem. Thefocuscanbeonpotentialimprovementstothecreation ofroutesusingvariousAPIservicesasthenextstagetobe takenintoaccountfortheupcomingdevelopment.

The approach, which was proposed by Khaled Mohfouz andS.MohammadRameshi [4]intendsto improveschool communitysafetybyloweringandeliminatinginstancesof leavingpupilsbehindonschool buses bykeeping track of their attendance in the vehicles. The produced route guaranteesthatbusdriverswillarriveatthehomeaddress ofastudentwhoispresent,andintheeventofsevereerrors or manipulation, this might signal a situation of a student goingmissing,allowingauthoritiestotakeurgentactionto protectthestudent'ssafety.Thesuggestedmethodassumes theusageofanAndroidappthatmakeshandlingprocesses connectedtoattendancesimple.Theproposedsystemwas successfully deployed, and it was further able to track student attendance using face or fingerprint recognition technologyandbuildroutesbasedontheattendedclasses.

Mona Kumari, Ajitesh Kumar and Arbaz Khan [5] designed a Real Time Tracking system which constantly tracks the bus location in real time. The GPS module is installedinthebustoreadthelocationofthebus.Oncethe

dataisreaditispassedtomicroprocessorandisstoredinthe server.Thestoredrealtimedatacanbefetchedbytheuser. RFIDtechnologyisbeenimplementedinordertoobtainthe informationregardingthenumberofstudentsinthebusand italsoprovidesinformationaboutthevacantseats.Sincethe user can track the live location of the bus it helps him to decide whether he have to wait for the bus or not. This reducesthewaitingtimeofthepassengerortraveler.Along with current location the estimated arrival time is also providedandthecalculatedarrivaltimeisprovidedthrough anapplicationbuilt.

JafrulIslamSojolet.al[6]designedandimplementedthe Smartschoolbusconsistingofvarioussub-modulestoensure the safety of the children. The seat occupation sensing moduleusedtoindicatethepresenceofchildontheseatis done using the pressure pad. The passenger safety state sensingmoduledetectsiftheseatbeltispluggedornot.The received data from both the modules is displayed in RealtimeseatingdatadisplaymoduleandintheParentAlertsubmodule the alert message is sent whenever the student fastens the best. In the future the intend to add live video streaming so the parents and the school authorities can watch the live video which shows the condition inside the bus.Theyalsoplannedtoimprovethesensitivityandquality ofpressurepaddevices.Alongwiththeseimprovementsthe intendtodevelopweb-basedinterfacesothattheparentscan logintothesystemfromanypartoftheworld.

Tarneem M. Hamadto et.al [7] proposed a system which also describes method to track school buses and provide interactioninmoreefficientandeffectiveway.Itcanresultin greaterreliabilitytoprovidereal-timeupdatedofschoolbus location,reduceman-madeerrorsincheck-inandcheck-out operations, and can notify parents about the status of the studenton-boardtheschoolbus.

Totrack,monitor,andoperatethevehicleengine,Saurabh S. Chakole et al. [8] presented a system using TMCS. To accomplishthis,arelayisconnectedtothevehicle'signition wire. It utilises a microcontroller, LCD, GPS, and GSM. It is builtanddevelopedtohavelockingmode,trackmonitoring mode,andcontrolmode.Itworkscomfortablyandproduces results that are accurate and of high quality. On GMAP, locationmaybequicklyfound.Positionlockingmodedelivers alertmessagesandofferssignificantsafetyifthevehicleor system changes. It functions as an anti-theft tool and can function without internet. Future improvements to the systemarepossible.Thesystemhasadvancedbybeingable tofunctionwithbothonlineandofflineapplication.

TunMohamadAqilMohamadFadziret.al[9]proposed andexecutedaschooltransportsecurityframeworkinlight of RFID and GSM innovations. The execution of the RFID innovation could identify the understudy's development entering or leaving the school transports. The warning messageissentstraightforwardlytotheparentcell'sphone

whentheiryoungsterswereeffectivelyleftorshownupto the objective and give piece of brain to the guardians. Participation checker, as an extra element will give early warning to the guardians in the event that the youngsters isn'tready(missing).What'smore,theproposedventurecan be additionally made do by executing the Worldwide SituatingFramework(GPS)astheareatracker.Concerning sizeandhelpful,wristbandwitha loopon chipinnovation could give more benefit than utilizing the understudy personalitycard.Bethatasitmay,forthelongrunexecution the viability of the proposed framework model can be assessedinlightoftheavoidanceestimationofthehijacking wrongdoingexercisesamongtheyoungkids.

Rohan Bandal andAtul Oak [10] proposed a directing informationfromahubwhichisfittedonthetransportwhich sendsGPSinformationandtheRFIDlabelperusershowsthe understudies present on the transport. MQTT convention makesitsimpletoaddnumeroushubstotheframeworkasit islightinweight.Aportableapplicationisconvenienttouse as every one of the information is accessible on the applicationaboutthetransportareastatusandthequantity ofunderstudiesaswellasthespecificunderstudypresenton the transport. A shut circle representative will a superior extra to this task as the ongoing undertaking utilizes a merchantwhichispublicinnature.

SanthanalakshmiandSethuraman[11]Thegoalofthis project is to develop a universally installable Internet of Things(IoT)replicaoftheVehicleBlackBoxSystem(VBBS). Inordertomonitoractivityinsidetheautomobile,acamera andsensorswillbeputthere.Dataandimageswillthenbe transferredtoemailandshortmessageservices,whileweb pages will be recorded in real-time. Medical help is dispatchedtothesceneofthecollisionanditsapproximate location.Thisessayprimarilyfocusesonenhancingaccident victim care and making fraud easier to spot. In the future, photographs will be continuously processed in the cloud, where the image will be recognized by the claimant or robbery,giventothepolicesystem,andlocatedinthepolice database.

Nitesh Mandal et al. [12] discuss the identification of drunkdrivingandthewearer'sseatbeltstatus.Basedonhow it works, a system is proposed and categorized into three groups:GPS,seatbelts,andalcohol.Afterthealcoholpart,itis checkedtoseeifthedriverwasintoxicatedwhileoperating the vehicle by looking at the seat belt portion, which determinesiftheseatbeltiswornornot.Theignitionstate, ortheONandOFFstate,ofthevehicleiscontrolledbybothof thesecomponents.UsingtheGPS,gettheeTopicsdiscussed by Nitesh Mandal et al. include the identification of drunk drivingandseatbeltusage.GSMcanbeutilisedtoestablish thissystembysendingamessagetothenearbypolicestation, hospital,andambulancewheneveranaccidentoccurs.This systemcanbeimplementedutilisingatechniquewhere,in theeventofanaccident,GSMsendsa messagetothelocal

ambulance,hospital,andpolicestationinordertosavethe injured. In addition to recording events so that we can identify causes in addition to accidents, we can also incorporate a camera that could function as a "black box" (much like the one in an aeroplane). Using cutting-edge machinelearningalgorithms,wecananalysedrivingabilities. ThissystemcanbeachievedusingamethodinwhichGSM transmits a message whenever an accident occurs to the adjacentpolicestation,thehospital,andalsotheambulance thatispositionednearby.

RambabuVatti[13]createdanddeployedalow-costbus tracking system that enables commuters to view seat occupancy levels, specific bus locations, and estimated arrivaltimesontheirsmartphones.Thiseliminatesseveral issues,includingthefts,accidents,andcrowdingatbusstops. It also cuts down on waiting times. This prototype technology, which is now being used to track buses on a singleroute,canbeusedonalllines.Thissystemcomeswith a low-coverage frequency RFID reader, however a highcoverage frequency RFID reader can also be used to implementit.

An RFID and GSM system was proposed by Hasmah Mansor et al. [14]. The Klang Valley region was the focus since it has stable and available GSM technology, and the majorityofworkingparentsrelyonschoolbusservicesfor theirkids.Ifthekidsaren'tonboard,theRFIDtechnology's addedfeaturehasalertedtheparentsinadvance(absent). The adoption of this gadget and system on all Malaysian school buses, particularly those in the Klang Valley, could lower the number of cases of kidnapping, missing, and truancy among schoolchildren. Instead of using a frame method, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can be suggestedasanenhancementforafutureproject'slocation tracker.Anotherchoiceistoutiliseabraceletusingcoil-onchiptechnologyinplaceofanRFIDcard.

3. CONCLUSIONS

Despite the fact that there have been many good safety managementsystems,theresearchfieldisstilldifficultsince the proposed system is meant to increase the safety of childrenduringdailytransportation.Thissurveyofrecent research provides an overview of efforts made by researchers to develop intelligent, energy-efficient monitoringsystemsthatwillenablecontinuousmonitoring and prompt alerts and notifications. A better monitoring system for kid safety management will undoubtedly be created with the help of IoT, wireless communication standards, and the latest sensors for detecting various qualitycriteria.

Successfully implemented to detect the student‟s movement while theywere entering or exiting theschool buses. Using GSMtechnology, notification message has been sucesfully sentto parentmobile‟s phone assoonas

theirchildren weresuccessfullydeparted orarrivedat the destination. Attendancechecke

REFERENCES

[1] S. Malathy, P. Ambarish, S. D. Kumar and G. A. Gokul Prashanth, "Smart School Bus: To Ensure the Safety of Children,"20217thInternationalConferenceonAdvanced ComputingandCommunicationSystems(ICACCS),2021,pp. 923-927,doi:10.1109/ICACCS51430.2021.9442044.

[2]Godwin,RajaandEAbishablessy.“SMARTSCHOOLBUS MONITORINGSYSTEMUSINGIOT.”(2018).

[3]I.Korkmaz,A.Camci,C.Cengiz,D.Dirik,E.CekciandF.M. Akbaba, "A Smart School Bus Tracking System," 2019 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC), 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ISNCC.2019.8909188.

[4]K.Mahfouz,S.M.Rameshi,M.Rafat,M.Elsayed,M.Sheikh and H. Zidan, "Route Mapping and Biometric Attendance System in School Buses," 2020 Advances in Science and EngineeringTechnologyInternationalConferences(ASET), 2020,pp.1-4,doi:10.1109/ASET48392.2020.9118199.

[5]M.Kumari,A.KumarandA.Khan,"IoTBasedIntelligent Real-TimeSystemforBusTrackingandMonitoring,"2020 International Conference on Power Electronics & IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its control (PARC) 2020,pp.226-230,doi:10.1109/PARC49193.2020.246240.

[6]Sojol,Jafrul&Alam,Md&Hossain,Nazmul&Motahar, Tamanna(2019).SmartSchoolBus:EnsuringSafetyonroad forschoolgoingchildren10.23919/ICACT.2019.8701918.

[7]T.M.Hamadto,Z.A.AdamandM.H.Elsayed,"AnAndroid Application of School Bus Tracker Based on RFID Technology,"2020InternationalConferenceonComputer, Control,Electrical,andElectronicsEngineering(ICCCEEE) 2021pp.1-4,doi:10.1109/ICCCEEE49695.2021.9429629.

[8] S. S. Chakole, N. A. Ukani and S. Sheikh, "GPS and GSM EnableTracking,MonitoringandControlsystemforMultiple Application," 2019 International Conference on Smart SystemsandInventiveTechnology(ICSSIT),2019,pp.10271030,doi:10.1109/ICSSIT46314.2019.8987753.

[9]T.M.A.M.Fadzir,H.Mansor,T.S.GunawanandZ.Janin, "DevelopmentofSchoolBusSecuritySystemBasedonRFID andGSMTechnonologiesforKlangValleyArea,"2018IEEE 5th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, MeasurementandApplication(ICSIMA),2018,pp.1-5,doi: 10.1109/ICSIMA.2018.8688783.

[10]R.BandalandA.Oak,"ManagingLocationIdentification and Chain SMS for Smart School Transport System using IoT," 2019 International Conference on Computer

CommunicationandInformatics(ICCCI),2019,pp.1-6,doi: 10.1109/ICCCI.2019.8821865.

[11]S.SethuramanandS.Santhanalakshmi,"Implementing VehicleBlackBoxSystembyIoTbasedapproach,"20204th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI) (48184), 2020, pp. 390-395, doi: 10.1109/ICOEI48184.2020.9142906.

[12]N.Mandal,A.Sainkar,O.RaneandM.Vibhute,"Vehicle TrackingwithAlcoholDetection&SeatBeltControlSystem," 2020 International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET),2020,pp.1-5,doi: 10.1109/INCET49848.2020.9154093.

[13]Kamble,Pravin&Vatti,Rambabu.(2017).Bustracking and monitoring using RFID. 1-6. 10.1109 / ICIIP.2017.8313748.

[14] Mansor, Hasmah & Fadzir, Tun & Gunawan, Teddy & Janin,Zuriati.(2020).Safetyandsecuritysolutionforschool busthroughRFIDandGSMtechnologies.IndonesianJournal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 17. 804. 10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp804-814.