SMART BLIND STICK USING VOICE MODULE

SMART BLIND STICK USING VOICE MODULE

Mrs.R.Abiramee

, Ms.P.Nithya2,Mr. M. Naveen Kumar3 , Mr.T.E.Samrood Muhammed

1Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute Of Engineering and Technology

2345Under Graduate students, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute Of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore,Tamilnadu-641062 ***

Abstract- Theconceptofthesmartstickaimstoprovide smartelectronicassistancetothevisuallyimpaired.People who are blind or have low vision have difficulty recognizing obstacles astheywalkdownthestreet.The systemissaidtousetheArduinoUNOandVoiceModule to provide artificial vision and object detection, water detection,firedetection,andreal-timesupport.Themain goalofourprojectistoprovidewell-foundedsupportfor the visuallyimpaired. Existing devices for the visually impaired focus only on moving from one location to another. This device is intended to assist the visually impairedwiththesameoperationsasavisuallyimpaired person. Our project focuses primarily on the visually impaired,whoareunabletomovearoundindependently. Thesystemconsistsofultrasonicsensorsandfeedbackis received by voice. The system-wide goal is to provide visuallyimpairedpeoplewithcost-effectiveandefficient navigationandobstacledetectionassistanceandartificial byproviding information about scenarios around static and dynamic objects around them. It'sabout giving a senseandallowingthemtowalkindependently.

Keywords: Ultrasonic sensors, Arduino UNO, RF module, Voice module

1. INTRODUCTION

A visually-aided person has difficulty seeing details with healthyeyes.Peoplewith6/60eyesight,orahorizontalarea ofvisionwithbotheyesopen,arebelow20degrees.These people are considered blind. Physical movement is a challenge for the visually impaired, as it can obscure the obstacles in front of them and prevent them from moving from one place to another. They rely on their families for mobilityandfinancialsupport.Theiragilitypreventsthem from interacting with people and social activities. The proposed machine carries the ultrasonic sensor, water sensor,Voicemodule,andRF module.Thestick measures thegapamongtheitemsandcleveron-footstickwiththeaid of using the usage of ultrasonic sensor. In this device, the ultrasonicsensorsareusedtocomeacrossboundarieswith theaidofusingtheusageofultrasonicwaves.Bysensingthe boundaries,thesensorpassestheobtainedstatisticstothe microcontroller.Themicrocontrollerstrategiesthestatistics

andcalculatesiftheimpedimentisnearlysufficientforthe person. If the impediment isn't always near the microcontroller,thecircuitdoesnownolongerdoanything. Iftheimpedimentisnearlysufficientforthemicrocontroller, it sends a sign to a buzzer. Although there is numerous current merchandise to assist visually impaired human beingswhichmightbeeasytobehadinsidethemarket,Our product indicates many advantages which can low cost, withoutproblemsusable,andportable.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Prutha G et al., May [2020], Thispaperintroducesastick that helps blind persons walk around on their own. Raspberry Pi and Arduino are used to monitor the stick. Water sensors are used to detect water and puddles, and three pairs of ultrasonic sensors are used to detect obstructionsthatare15cminfrontoftheusers.Thestick hasinterfacesfortheaforementionedsensors.Adcmotor allowsthesticktoautonomouslydecidewhethertotravel forward,backward,left,orrightinresponsetothedetection of an obstruction. Vibrations and buzzers will alert users. Thestickwiththeflashlightattachedcanbeseenbyothers, allowinghimtopass.NavigationusingGPSisprovidedwith afingerring.Theusercanmaintaineasilywithfastresponse & low power consumption The main purpose is to help visuallyimpairedpeoplefornavigatingindependently

M Narendran1 et al.,January [2018], With the aid of multidisciplinary fields like computer science, electronics engineering,andhealthscience,thethirdeyefortheblindis an innovation that enables blind people to navigate with confidence and speed by using ultrasonic waves to detect nearby obstacles and alert them with a buzzer sound or vibration. This wearable technology for blinds will be available. This device's key uniqueness is that it will be reasonablypriced.Oneexampleofwearabletechnologyis theArduinoProMini328-MHz15/16MHzboard.Thiswill befittedwithamoduleofultrasonicsensors.Withthehelp ofthesensor,visuallyimpaired peoplemaynavigatetheir surroundings and identify nearby items. The sensor will alert the user by beep or vibrationwhen it discovers any object.This isautomated andwill be of a great use for the blindsandhelpthemtraveldifferentplaces.

Mohamed Dhiaeddine Messaoudi et al., June [2020], Thosewhoarevisuallyimpairedcanusethis"SmartCane" technologytomovemoreeasilyandavoidpotentialhazards. Using a white cane, using technological aids, and havinga guidedogarecurrentlythethreeprimaryoptionsavailable toblindindividuals.Theanswerthathasbeensuggestedin thisarticleinvolvesutilisingavarietyoftechnologytoolsto find a clever solution to the issue in order to make the consumers' lives easier. Using wireless scanners from the InternetofThings(IoT)andcloudcomputing,thedeveloped system's primary goal is to facilitate interior navigation. Integratingseveralhardwareandsoftwaretechnologieswill enable the development of the Smart Cane to achieve its objective. The proposedsolution ofa SmartCane aims to provide smooth displacement for the visually impaired peoplefromoneplacetoanother.Itprovides themwitha tool that can help them to communicate with the environment.

Saurav Mohapatra et al., May [2018], Thewalkingstickshaped working model that has a microcontroller system and an ultrasonic sensor built in is proposed. Using ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic sensor is used to find obstructions When it encounters obstructions, the sensor sendsinformationtothemicrocontroller.Afterprocessing the data, the microcontroller decides whether the obstructioniscloseenough.Iftheobstacleistoofaraway, the circuit has no effect. The blind individual receives a warningfromthemicrocontrollerwhenanimpediment is abouttooccur.Wealsoplantoincludethee-SOS(electronic SaveOurSouls)mechanism.Thee-SOSdistresscallbutton onthestickispressedbyablindpersoniftheyhavetrouble navigatingandtheyneedtomakeavideocalltoamemberof theirfamily..AmobiledevicerunningAndroid,streamsthe video.Thelocationoftheblindpersontohisfamilymember isalsosentusingandroidapplication Blindpersonisguided inthiswaytomovealongthepathbyhisfamilymembervia theAndroidMobileApplication.

S. Munirathnam et al., Apr [2018], The main goal of the paperis to assist blind people in conversation. They have developedacleverstructurethatfunctionseffectivelyboth insideandoutside.Thecurrentrouteplanningtoolforthe visuallyimpairedfocusesontravellingfromonelocationto the next. This focuses on developing a tool that enables visuallyimpairedpeopletotravelindependentlyandthatis also comfortable to use. The proposed gadget is used to manage blind or partially located individuals. The tool is usedtoenableblindpeopletomoveasconfidentlyandeasily assightedpeople.Inaddition,itwarnswithasoundtostay away from obstacles in front of ultrasonic sensors and preventsslippingintowaterwithamoisturesensor.Itcan evendistractblindpeoplefromthecurrentoutdoorspace, whetheritislightordark,usingLDR.Usingit,continuous monitoring of the client is possible. The whole device is designedtobesmallandusedas partofawhitestick.

Akhilesh Krishnan et al.,[2016],Assistant,anintelligent walking stick, helps the visually impaired to identify obstaclesandprovideassistancetoreachtheirdestination. Theassistantworksonthebasisofecholocationtechnology, imageprocessingandnavigationsystem.Anassistantcanbe apossiblehelpforthevisuallyimpairedandthusimprove theirqualityoflife.Muchworkandresearchisbeingdoneto findwaystoimprovethelivesofthevisuallyimpaired.There are a number of walking sticks and systems that help the user move indoors and outdoors, but none of them offer autonomousnavigationwhiledriving,objectdetection,and alarmdetection.Assistusesultrasonicsensorstoechosound waves and detect objects. The image sensor is used to identifyandnavigateobjectsinfrontoftheuserbytaking pictures while driving, and the smartphone application navigates the user to the destination using GPS (Global PositioningSystem)andmaps.

METHODOLOGY:

Weherebyproposeasmartblindstickthatallowsvisually challenged people to navigate with comfort using the advanced technology. An ultrasonic sensor and a water sensorareintegratedintotherollerblind.Ourprojectfirst uses ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles ahead using ultrasonicwaves.Whenobstacles aredetected,thesensor transmitsthisinformationtotheArduinoUno.Arduinouno processes the data and calculates if the obstacle is close enough The circuit is ineffective if the impediment is not immediatelypresent.Ifanobstacleisnearthearduino,the Unowillsendawarningintheformofavoice.Italsodetects water and warns the blind person with a different sound signal and gives it. The wand also contains a vibration sensor.Ifthereisanobstaclenearby,theArduinounowill sendavibrationalert.Waterisdetectedbyawatersensor. Another feature is that it allows a blind person to detect whetherthereislightordarknessinaroom.Anadvanced feature has been integrated into the system to help blind people find their cane if they forget where they kept it .A wirelessRFbasedremoteisusedtofindmisplacedstick.

PROPOSED METHOD

The blind stick is an innovative cane designed to improve navigationforthevisuallyimpaired.Herewecomeupwith anadvancedblindstickthatallowsthevisuallyimpairedto navigate easily with advanced technology. An ultrasonic sensorandafireandwatersensorareintegratedintothe rollerblind.Thefirststageofourproposedprojectinvolves the usage of ultrasonic sensors to detect imminent impediments using ultrasonic waves When obstacles are detected, the sensor transmits this information to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then processes this information and calculates whether the obstacle is close enough. If the obstruction is not immediately visible, the circuit has no effect. If there is an obstacle nearby, the microcontrollerwillsound.Italsodetectswaterandalerts

theblindandsoundsasecondalarm.Itisinsertedaspartof a complete device, which often includes hardware and mechanicalparts.

sensors calculated volumetric water content using some other soil property, such as electrical resistivity, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for moisturecontent.Itisnecessarytocalibratethelinkbetween the observed parameters and soil moisture because it can change based on the environment, including the soil, temperature,andelectricalconductivity.

Waterdetection

DETECTIONPROCESS

Obstacle detection process Tulo consists of an ultrasonic sensor that can detect obstacles in front of it from a distance of up to 70 cm. It is connected to the Arduinotodetectiftheresistanceistooclosetothestick and trigger an output if it is. The output consists of a vibration motor for haptic feedback and a piezo summation for auditory feedback. A block diagram of obstacle detection with feedback is shown in Figure 2. Therearetwodetectionsystemsinthisprocess;oneisan above-the-knee obstacle detection system where an ultrasonicsensorisplacedonastickapproximately80cm from the ground. And the other is the below-the-knee obstacledetectionsystem,whereanultrasonicsensoris placedonastick about15cmabovetheground.Itdetects obstacles atleast20cmhigh.

INPUT MICROCONTROLLER OUTPUT

C.RFREMOTE

The receiver section of the RF remote, which also includesabuzzerandavibrationmotor,willhelptheuser locatethestickiftheymisplaceit.Asopposedtoinfrared communication, which requires a line of sight link between the transmitter and receiver, radio frequency communicationhasvariousadvantages.ComparedtoIR communication, RF communication has a much wider range.Here,RFmodules(RFTransmitterandRFReceiver) are used to create a wireless transmitter and receiver system.TheimageoftheRFtransmitterisdepictedinFig. 4. Two little circuits are needed for this. The blind stick willhavethereceivercircuitattachedtoit.Theotherisa remote RF transmitter circuit that will be utilised to transmit signals in order to find the stick. The 433 MHz radio frequency signals used for wireless data transmission are modified using the Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation technique. To implement the transmitterandreceiverfunctions,weemployanencoder (ICHT12E)andadecoder(ICHT12D).

Fig.3:ObstacleDetectionwithFeedback

Araindropsensorisplacedatthebottomoftherodto detectwaterormud.Whenthesensordetectswater,italerts the user with tactile and audible feedback. Soil moisture

The device works well in both indoor and outdoor settings. Natural Language Processing methods can be

used to translate the text that can be derived from the imageintospeech.Theuserreceivesaudionotifications and vibrations that provideinformationaboutbarriers. Thismoduleassistsinwarningvisuallychallengedpeople ofimpendingdangers.

motiondetectorsarethemainapplicationsforPIRsensors. Moreover, it is utilised in automatic lighting and security alarmsystems.ThePIR sensor'susual pinarrangement is shownintheimagebelow.Itiseasytograspthepinouts On thePIRsensor,therearethreepins.

Fig6.VoiceModuleSynthesis

APR9600VOICEMODULE:

Anaffordable,high-performancesoundrecord/replayIC usingflashanaloguestorageiscalledAPR9600.Evenwhen themodule'spowersupplyisremoved,therecordedsound isstillthere.Replayedaudiodisplaysexcellentqualityand littlebackgroundnoise.A60-secondrecordingtimerequires a sample rate of 4.2 kHz, giving a sound record/replay bandwidthof20Hzto2.1kHz.However,asamplingrateas high as 8.0 kHz can be attained by altering an oscillation resistor.Thesoundrecordingisnowonly32secondslong overall.Byalteringthevalueofasingleresistor,theduration of the entire sound recording can be changed from 32 secondsto60seconds TheICcanfunctionineitherparallel modeorserialmode.Soundcanbecapturedin256partsin serial access mode. Sound can be captured in 2, 4, or 8 portions in parallel access mode. Push-button keys are a simple way to control the IC. Moreover, external digital circuitrylikecomputersandmicrocontrollerscanbeusedto controltheIC.Witha28-pinDIPpackage,theAPR9600.4.5 to6.5voltsaretherangeofthesupplyvoltage.Thecurrent consumptionduringrecordingandreplayingis25mA.The currentlowersto1Mainstandbymode.

 Thedrainterminalofthedevice,whichiscoupledto thepositivesupplyof5VDC,isrepresentedbyPin1.

 Pin 2 is the device's source terminal, which is connected to the ground terminal by a resistor of either100Kor47K.Thesensor'soutputpinisPin2.

 Thesensor'spin3isconnectedtoground,andpin2 sendsthedetectedIRsignaltoanamplifier.

ThePIRsensor'srange:

 Passiveinfrareddetectionrangesfrom25cmto20 mindoors.

 Thedetectionrangeforindoorcurtaintypesis25 cmto20m.

 The detection range for outdoor passive infrared sensorsis10to150metres.

 Outdoorpassiveinfraredcurtaindetector:10to 150metresaway

SENSORS WITH ORIENTATION

E.PIRSENSOR

PIRsensorscanidentifymovementfrompeopleoranimals. Infrared energy is produced by humans. The PIR sensor detectsthesevariationsinradiationwhenahumanentersits sensingrange,whichcausesthesensor'soutputtoincrease. An electrical sensor that detects infrared light emitted by objects is known as a passive infrared sensor. PIR-based

TheofferedstickusestheUltrasonicSensorHCSR-04 to identify potholes and obstacles. A sensor that uses soundwavestoestimatedistancefromaniteminfrontof it is called an ultrasonic sensor. By sending out a sound wave at a frequency of 40 Hz and listening for the equivalent stream to bounce back, it can calculate distance.Thedistancebetweentheultrasonicsensorand theobstructioncanbecalculatedbykeepingtrackofthe amountoftimethatpassesbetweenthesoundwavebeing emittedandthewavereturning.Aswindmovesataspeed of 344 metres per second and it is thought that sound wavestravelthroughair,wemaycalculatethetimeitwill takethewavetoreturnandmultiplyitby Todetermine

the total distance the sound wave travelled, multiply by 344. Thelessonto belearnedfromthisisthatthewave travelled twice as far to the obstacle as it did to the ultrasonicsensor,thuswemustdividethetotallengthby two to get the distance from the obstruction. The fundamentaloperationoftheultrasonicsensorisshown

must function properly in both indoor and outdoor settings,aswellasinbothlightanddarkness,makingthe ultrasonic sensor the ideal choice for our application. Ultrasonicsensorshaveseveraladvantagesovercamera, IR,andPIRsensors:a)Unlikeacamera,whichstrugglesto capture crisp images at night and whose IR sensors are affected by sunlight, it has a detecting capability that is independent of light; it will function as well in both daylight and darkness. b) It is not sensitive to outside influences like light, dust, smoke, vapour, etc. c) It can work better with certain types of obstacles, such as sponges,wood,plastic,tiles,etc.

Fig.9:Ultrasonic Sensor

The non-contact range of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensormoduleis2cmto400cm.Thecontrolcircuit,an ultrasonicreceiver,andtransmittersmakeupthemodule. Thefundamentalworkingtenetsareasfollows:(1)AnIO triggerisusedforasignalthatisatleasttenmicroseconds high; and (2) An ultrasonic sensor module repeatedly sends eight 40 kHz waves and detects if a signal is received in response. (3) The time between sending a wave and receiving it back is the time of high output IO durationifthesignalisreturnedatahighlevel.

Distance = (high-level time * speed of sound in air(344m/s))/2.

SPECIFICATION:

Table2:Specification

A.ULTRASONICSENSORSVSIRSENSOR

Theapplicationforwhichweintendtousethesensor will determine the sensor we choose. Infrared sensors have some limitations, such as the inability to feel and detect obstructions in daylight as a result of incursion. Applicationsintheoutsideworldorintheshadowsinside mightbecomeverytroublesomewhenusingIRsensors. Ultrasonicsensorsusesoundwavestofunction,therefore therearefewerthings that canaffecthow welltheycan detect obstructions. Additionally, in our form, the stick

Table 1:Comparison between sensors RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Inthebeginningofthisproject,ultrasonicsensorsare used to look for impending obstructions. The sensor transmitsthisinformationtothemicrocontrollerwhenit detectsimpediments.Thisinformationisthenprocessed by the microcontroller, which determines whether the impediment is close enough. If the obstruction is not immediately present, the circuit has no effect. The microcontrollersendsasignaltothebuzzertosoundifthe obstruction is closed. Moreover, it detects water and informs the blind by sounding a distinct buzzer. It is includedintoawholedevice,frequentlywithphysicaland mechanicalcomponents.Severalcommonlyusedgadgets are controlled by embedded systems. 98 percent of all microprocessors produced today are embedded system components.Lowcostperunit,smallsize,toughworking ranges,andlowpowerconsumptioncomparefavourably with general-purpose competitors. This comes at the expenseofhavinglessprocessingresources,whichmakes programming and interacting with them much more challenging.However,byaddingintelligencemechanisms ontopofthehardware,makinguseofanyalready-existing sensors, and having a network of embedded units, it is possible to manage resources at the unit and network levels optimally while also offering augmented functionalities that go far beyond what is currently offered.

CONCLUSION

Inthispaper,Asmartassistivegadgetismadetomake it safer for blind or visually impaired persons to

manoeuvre around holes, water, stairs, and other challengestheyencounteronaregularbasis.Theycanuse the established solution as an easy-to-use directional guide.Thesystem'sadvantageisthatitmayprovetobea cheap option for millions of visually impaired people aroundtheworld.Itofferstactileandaudiblefeedbackfor both knees below and knees above obstacle detection. Obstacleswithaheightofatleast20cmcanbedetected by it. From a distance of 70 cm, it can detect stairs and other obstructions Another benefit is that if someone forgetsordropsastick,theymaystillfinditbypressing the transmitter's switch from a distance of roughly 300 metres away. It has a 30 cm pothole detection range, whichisoneofitslimits,andusingitrequirestrainingfor theuser.

FUTURE WORK

Ourfutureworkwillmainlyfocusontheenhancementof object recognition so that it can detect and identify objects better in challengingenvironmental conditions. Additionally,improvingthechargecapacityofthedevice willbeincluded.Objectidentificationwillbeimprovedby addingmoreimagedatabases.Betteralgorithmscouldbe added for the device to navigate using dynamic image recognition

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