ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH WIRELESS CHARGER

ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH WIRELESS CHARGER

ABSTRACT:

Electric vehicles with wifi are common, and the acquired technology has several uses. Without the necessity for connections, power is delivered from the source to an electrical hold. Since fossil fuels are becoming less and less abundant,itiscrucialtopickalternativecars.Outofalltheavailableoptions,abattery-poweredelectricautomobileisthe best choice. In this approach, a wireless power source will be used to manufacture an electric vehicle and charge its battery. To move electricity from a magnetic coil through an air gap charger to a second magnetic coil installed in the automobile, a method known as inductive charging can be employed. All we need to do is position the moving vehicle correctlysothatthecoilsarelinedupandchargingmaystart.ItisbuiltwithtinyDCmotorsthatcanmovethemechanism inalldirectionswhencontrolledbyaremotecontrolmadeofRFmodules.Thiscompactvehicleisreferreddescribedasan electriccarsinceitispoweredbyarechargeablebattery,andthebatteryhastobechargedusingawirelesspowersource. Weneededaspecificallycreatedwirelesspowersourcetodothissothatthebatterywouldautomaticallychargeanytime thevehiclewasincloseproximitytothepowertransmittingcoil.Thecarmaybemovedusingaremote controlunit,andif it is precisely parallel to the power transmitting coil, the power receiving coil gets the greatest amount of electricity, allowing the battery to charge more quickly. The 89C2051 microcontroller chip used to build the embedded system is configuredtodrivemotorsviarelays.

KEYWORDS: Constructionofbasicmoduleofelectriccar,Powertransmittingcoil,Powerreceivingcoil,1.5Ampspower source designed for power transmitter, 89C2051 microcontroller chips, Remote control unit, relays, DC motors, RF modules,etc.

INTRODUCTION:

An electric traction motor is used to propel an electric vehicle. High power rechargeable batteries that can be charged eitherbyaprimarypowersourceorbyasolarpowersourcewillpoweranelectriccar.abatteryinsideacaroranyother vehiclehastobechargedingeneral.

The front part of a car's "bonnet," which must be opened, must then be opened in order to connect the wires from the battery charger to the battery's terminals using sturdy power clips. This is a difficult task, therefore to avoid it and save time, a novel wireless charging technology has been devised. As a result, the battery of our car is automatically charged while the vehicle is parked. This approach eliminates the need to physically connect the cables or open the bonnet. The batteryautomaticallystartschargingconstantlyoncetheautomobileisatitsdesignatedlocation.

Wireless charging reduces the need for the wires often used to charge wireless gadgets, cell phones, and automobile batteries.Bymerelypositioningthedeviceclosetoa wirelesspowertransmitteroraspecifiedchargingstation,wireless chargers may recharge the battery of battery-powered gadgets. The outcome is a totally sealed and waterproof gadget body. Besides Due to the inherent convenience it provides, wireless charging may also be considerably enhanced. Faraday'swell-knownruleofinducedvoltage,whichisfrequentlyappliedtomotorsandtransformers,formsthebasisof wireless charging. Therefore, this electric vehicle uses wireless energy, which generates an electromagnetic field that allowsenergytobetransportedfromcoiltocoilwithouttheuseofconductingcables.

Both the power transmitting coil and the power receiving coil must be positioned parallel to one another at a certain distance.Thisimpliesthatwhilethecarisparked,thepowerreceivingcoilinsidemustbepositionedparalleltothepower transmitting coil outside, or at the parking space. Power transmission range can be extended to a maximum of 2 to 3 centimetresdependingonthepowersource.Thesizeofthetransmitandreceivecoilsaffectsthis. Thecoil'sradius,which determines coil size; as radius rises, so does power transmission range. The limited range power transmission coil is constructed in such a way that the distance must be kept to less than 5 cms since the electric car with wireless charger being studied here is intended to demonstrate the fundamental idea. This means that the distance between the transmission coil and the reception coil must be set up as closely as possible to one another when the moving vehicle is positionedoverthepowertransmittingcoil.

Sincethisisaprototypemodule,therangeshouldbelessthan5cmsincethetransmitterisbuiltwithlimitedpower.This mainsdrivenpowersourcemaybeusedtochargeapowerrechargeablebatteryinstalledwithinthemovingvehicle,and

thestoredenergycanthenbeusedtopowerthevehicle.Thisvehicle'sdesignallowsittotravelinalldirections,including backwards, so that it may be positioned above or parallel to the power transmitting coil. In this case, synchronisation is necessary to maximise the power coming from the wireless power source. Since any nonconducting material may be utilisedtotransmitthiswirelesspowersource,acrylicsheetischosenhereastheelectricvehicle'schassis.Sinceacrylicis transparent,theaimistoutiliseittolookthroughtheelectronicsinthiselectriccar'swirelesscharger.

Two types of wireless power technologies are becoming more and more popular: nonradiative and shine. Energy is transported across short distances in certain devices utilising short-range or non-radiative techniques, such as magnetic fields using inductive transmission coupling between wire coils or electric fields using capacitive coupling between electrodes.Applicationsofthiskindincludeinductivepowersupply,chargingelectrictrainsandbuses,RFIDtagandsmart cardchargers,andimplantedmedicaldeviceslikepacemakers.

The development of wireless systems for powering mobile and portable computer equipment, such as laptops and cell phones,isnowthekeyareaofstudy.RegardingtheRFcommunicationsystem,theRFtransmitterthatisemployedhereis designedtobroadcastthecommandcodeindigitalform.This datawillbecommunicatedsincethecontrollerinusehere createsdigitaldataintheformof8bits.Forthecartobedriveninalldirections,fourstraightforwardcommandcodesare formed and sent here. With the use of 4 control keys connected to the 89C2051 microcontroller chip included in the remote control unit, the remote control's basic operation involves driving the vehicle in the desired direction by individuallycontrollingthe2motorsthatpowerthemovingmechanism.

LITERATURE SURVEY:

A ride that is powered by one or more electric or traction motors. A collector system that draws electricity from an externalpowersourcecanbeusedtopoweranelectricvehicle.Itcanalsobefittedwithbatteries,solarpanels,fuelcells, orageneratorthatproducespowerfromfuel.Whenelectricitywasoneofthemainmeansformotorvehiclepropulsionin the middle of the 19th century, electric vehicles were developed. These vehicles provide gasoline automobiles of the era previouslyunheardoflevelsofcomfortandsimplicityofuse.Theinternal combustionenginehasbeenthemainformof propulsion for cars for almost a century, but electric propulsion is still widely used in trains and other sorts of small vehicles.

Electric cars are sometimes referred to as "electric vehicles." Due to technology advancements, a greater emphasis on renewable energy, and the possibility to lessen transportation's influence on climate change and other environmental challenges, electric vehicles have witnessed a resurgence in the twenty-first century. Electric cars are included as one of thetop100modernclimatechangesolutionsintheelectricvehiclewithwirelesscharger.Lithiumionistypicallyusedin electric cars(Li-Ion or LIB).Compared to the majority ofother usable batteries, lithium-ion batterieshave better energy densities, longer cycle lives, and higher power densities. Safety, durability, and heat deterioration are complicating elements. cost. For optimal performance and safety, Li-ion batteries should be used within acceptable voltage and temperaturelimits.

Increasing battery life lowers the overall cost. One method is to operate a portion of the battery cells at a time and alternate between those portions.In the past,certain electricautomobiles, includingthose built byGeneral Motors,used nickel-metal hybrid battery cells. Because of their propensity to self-discharge in the heat, certain battery types are regarded as being out of date. A further obstacle to the widespread development of these batteries was Chevron's ownershipofapatentforthem.Dueofthesequalitiesandtheirhighprice,lithium-ionbatteriesarenowthemostcommon kind of battery used in electric cars. The cost of lithium-ion batteries is continuously falling, which lowers the price of electriccars.

ELECTRIC VEHICLE:

The vehicle's electric motor power is measured in kilowatts, like all automobiles (KW). However, electric motors can providetheirmaximumtorqueacrossawidespeedrange.100KWisaboutequivalentto134horsepower.Accordingly,a vehicle with a 100 KW electric motor will perform better than a 100 KW internal combustion engine, which can only providemaximumtorqueoveranarrowspeedrange.energylostduringtheconversionofelectricalenergytomechanical energy. 90% of the battery's energy is transferred to mechanical energy, with the motor and drive train suffering the losses.Typically,athree-phaseACmotorislinkedtoanACpowersourcethathasbeenconvertedfromdirectcurrent(DC) toalternatingcurrent(AC)byaDC/ACinverter.Inforklifts,electricvehicles,andtrains,DCmotorsarefrequentlyutilised. Inrarecircumstances,auniversalmotorcombinedwithACorDCcanbeused.Differenttypesofenginesareavailablein brand-newmanufacturingvehicles.InductionmotorsinTeslavehiclesandpermanentmagnetenginesintheNissanLeaf andChevroletBoltaretwoexamples.

PLUG IN ELECTRIC MOTORS:

A vehicle that can be powered by energy stored in a rechargeable battery and charged from an external power source, such as an outlet, is referred to as a plug-in electric car. A subtype of electric cars known as a plug-in electric vehicle comprises battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, and electric vehicle conversions of conventional internal combustion engine and hybrid electric vehicles. Light-duty pure electric cars with highway compatibility had cumulative globalsalessurpass1,000,000unitsinSeptember2016.Bytheendof2016,over2,000,000plug-incarsandcommercial vehicles had been sold globally cumulatively, with 38% of those sales occurring in that year. As of November 2017, that number has increased to 3,000,000. As of January 2018, the Nissan Leaf was the best-selling electric car in the world, selling more than 300,000 units globally. Following the all-electric Tesla model, almost 129,400 have been sold globally since June 2016. Together with its sibling, the Opel/Vauxhall Ampera, the plug-in hybrid Chevrolet Volt has generated closeto117,300salesglobally.ThePriusPlug-inHybridhassoldmorethan75,400units,andtheMitsubishiOutlanderPHEVhasroughly107,400units.

CHARGING STATIONS:

Typically, electric cars hey. Charge A procedure that often takes hours can be completed overnight from a conventional outlet or specialised charging station, frequently giving enough energy for regular daily use. However, with the widespread adoption of electric vehicle networks in major cities around the UK and Europe, owners of electric vehicles mayplugintheirvehicleswhiletheyareatwork andallowthemtocharge all day,potentiallyextendingcommutetimes andremovingrangeanxiety.

2012from Theinnovative charging mechanismdeveloped byDr.Gordon Dowerdoesaway with the necessity forcables oncurbs.Theequipmentismountedonthecurbsofelectricalconnections,liketheparkinglotsatstreetcorners.Thecurb contactsgetactivatedandchargingtakesplacewhenalicencedvehicleisparkedwiththefrontendoverthecurb.

Astandardisedinductivechargingtechnology,suchaspluglesspower,isanothersuggestedremedyfordailyrecharging. Parking conveniently above the charging station and less cabling and connection equipment are advantages. In the beginningof2012,QualcommistestingsimilarsystemsinLondon."Rapidcharging,"suchastheenvironmentPosiCharge line, is still another suggestion for the infrequent, long-distance trip (up to 250 KW). Nissan has collaborated with Ecotality,achargingstationmanufacturer,onanumberofinstallations.Replacementofthebatteryisalsosuggestedasa solution, despite the fact that no OEMs, not even Nissan/Renault, have any intentions to build any vehicles. Standardization across platforms, models, and manufacturers was necessary for swapping. Additionally, several times morebatterypacksmustbeinthesystemforsnapping.

PROPOSED METHODOLGY:

The remote control unit is where the functional description of the CPU starts, according to the block diagram. The 89C2051microcontrollerchipusedinthisdevice'sarchitectureisconfiguredtocreate4separatecommandcourtsbased on the control keys that have been depressed. When one of these four control keys is depressed, an 8-bit digital code correspondingtothatkey'sactivationiscreatedandsentthroughthedataoutputpinofthemicrocontroller.ThisIChasa pinfordatatransmission.Thedeviceisalsoconfiguredtoproducefourdistinctcodes,anddependingontheactivekey,it can recognise it because the specific key input pin will briefly become grounded. The processor chip creates 8 bits internallyasitattemptstoencodetheinput.

TheinputpinoftheRFtransmitterreceivestheoutputofthecontrollerchip.Thedeviceproducesahighfrequencyof433 MHZ, which is utilised as the carrier frequency. The controller output is now sent to this high frequency as a modulated signal,whichismixedwiththecarriersignalanddeliveredbyanantenna.Whenasignalisbroadcastviaanantenna,the digitalsignalisoverlaidoverthecarrierandsentasamodulatedsignal,whichmeansthecarrierdeliversthedigitalcode signal to its destination. A tiny electrical component called an RF module is used to transmit and receive radio signals

betweentwodevices.EmbeddedCortanasystemsfrequentlyconnectwirelesslytoanotherdevice.RFcommunicationcan beusedtocarryoutthiswirelesscommunication.manyapplications

The complexity of constructing radio circuits has led to the widespread usage of RF modules in electrical design. The sensitivity of radio circuits and the accuracy of parts and placement necessary to operate at a certain frequency hamper thedesignofanelectronicradioreceiver.TopreventnegativeRFperformanceeffects,reliableRFcommunicationcircuits alsoneedcarefullymonitoredmanufacturingprocedures.Finally,radiocircuitsmustundergotestingandcertificationby organisations that set standards, such the Federal Communications Commission, and are often subject to radiated emissions limitations. For these reasons, designers frequently use pre-designed radio modules to save money and time throughoutthedevelopmentprocess.

Insmall-andmedium-sizedconsumerapplications,RFmodulesareoftenemployed.Thereareseveralusesforthesystem; inthiscase,itisutilisedtoremotelydriveanelectriccar.CommercialRFmodulesusedinindustrial,scientific,andmedical radio bands including 433.92MHz, 915MHz, and 2400MHz frequently employ several carrier frequencies. These frequencies are employed because radios can only be used for telecommunications in accordance with national and internationalrules.Theunlicensedfrequenciesof315MHZand868MHZarealsousableforshort-rangedevices.

PRINCPLE OF OPERATION:

Chassisisakeycomponentofanymotorisedmovingbody'sdrivingmechanismsinceittransportsallthepartsneededto movethevehicle.Anautomaticvehiclerequiresnumeroussubsystems,suchasanengine,frame,clutch,gearbox,steering assembly, rear and front axle assembly, brake assembly, fuel tank, etc., but here the cheapest motorised moving mechanism is designed without using any of the most expensive devices mentioned above and instead using a straightforward mechanism. Battery, DC motors, and control circuits are the only electrical and electronic components thatthesystemrequires.Itcanbereferredtoasanelectriccarbecauseitisabattery-poweredvehicle.A12VDCleadacid batteryisemployedandmountedabovethevehicle'schassissincethewholemovingmechanismisintendedtofunctionat this voltage.The car is powered by a 2Ah or 200mah battery, which can be charged using a mains-operated wireless chargersetupatthebaseoftheparkingspace.Thebatterylocatedoverthemovingmechanismbeginschargingthrough power receiving coins as soon as the car is parked in its spot. The distance between the power transmitter coil and the power receiving coil will be greatly reduced by placing this power receiving coil beneath the chassis of the moving machine.

Acrylic sheet aluminium angles are used to build the chassis construction. These parts are meticulously cut to the necessary sizes and assembled to form a rectangular frame. This structure can fit any mechanical and electrical component. Two comparable sorts of metal plates are fitted to the chassis's bottom side to fix DC motors. Hard plastic moulded wheels are connected to the motor shafts on the back side after the motors have been fixed to the chassis. The chassis is home to other components including a control circuit, battery power supply, a receiving coil, etc. Copper conductors are used to link electrical items to the main processing unit once everything has been carefully put together. RelaysareusedtodriveDCmotors;inthiscase,twoDCmotorsareoperatedindividuallybyfourrelays.

RESULT:

Theelectricvehiclewithwirelesschargercompletedsuccessfullyandresultsarefoundtobesatisfactory.Weachievedthe mainaimoftheprojectthatistomakethewirelesschargingofelectricvehicle.

FUTURE SCOPE:

Electricity is the future, and towns and nations must get ready to refuel it. It is based on new technologies and directed police. With their dynamic electric cars that are strong, safe, and affordable, electric vehicles have the potential to transform road transportation. Electric car dynamic charging is crucial. Additionally, the technology will allow for humanoid robots, supersonic hyperloop transportation, and wirelessly powered biomedical implants. Technical difficulties are really fascinating and provide countless opportunities. The inventories of electric automobiles are now rapidly growing. Materials and theory might make WEVC even more competitive when new technologies are developed. Advancedmaterialscanhelpevenpowerfulelectronics.Switchinglossesareanothersignificantcontributortolostenergy intheWEVCsystems,alongwithfluxleakage.

CONCLUSION:

Thewirelesschargerelectriccarmodelhasbeensuccessfullyfinished.Becausethemajorsidepowersupplyisconstrained because it is a prototype module, a low power transmitter is built. Economy is a factor in addition to power supply, however after carrying out so many trials, weare extremely certain that we can construct a high power transmitter and enhancerangeproportionately.Resonantcircuitsmadeofinductanceandcapacitancemustbeturnedoffinorderforthis projecttofunction.Thesetwodevicesdeterminetheoutcome,andanothercrucial factoristhefrequencyatwhichthese devicesareoperatingefficiently.Tobeprecise,wediscoveredthatformulaeareineffectiveandtheonlythingthatmatters istokeepusingthem.

REFERENCES:

1. EnergyEfficiencyinWirelessNetworks-byOswaldJumira,SheraliZeadally

2. Measuringtheelectromagneticfieldinthevicinity-byHubertTrazaska

3. Electromagneticsforengineers-bystevenE.Schwarz

4. Fieldsfromelectricpower-byProf.M.GrangerMorgan.