Building Information Modelling in Sustainability Analysis
1Raghavendra Mohan Pathak , 2Sikander Kumar , 3Shivam Srivastava , 4Amrish Kumar Pandey , 5Dr. Swatantra Kr. Porwal
1 Assistant Professor , Civil Engineering Department , Kali Charan Nigam Institute of Technology , Banda , Uttar Pradesh , (India)
2 Assistant Professor , Civil Engineering Department , Kali Charan Nigam Institute of Technology , Banda , Uttar Pradesh , (India)
3 Assistant Professor , Civil Engineering Department , Kali Charan Nigam Institute of Technology , Banda , Uttar Pradesh , (India)
4 Assistant Professor , Civil Engineering Department , Kali Charan Nigam Institute of Technology , Banda , Uttar Pradesh , (India)
5 Director , Kali Charan Nigam Institute of Technology , Banda , Uttar Pradesh , (India) ***
ABSTRACT
The construction industries are by far one of those industries whose project works takes much more time i.e., months and years in comparison to other industries. There may also be delays and problems due to the enhancement to the working process and inclusion of new techniques in the construction industries which sometimes lowers the pace of the project work. Hence, there is an utmost need to bring innovations such as sustainability to the construction industries. Therefore, a lots of construction companies have attempted to use different kinds of software for the development of sustainable design. One of those software is Building Information Modelling (BIM). In this case study , the main motive is to find out application of BIM in sustainability using the BIM software Autodesk Revit i.e., rendering , estimation , etc.
Key Words : BIM (Building Information Modelling) , Sustainability , Autodesk Revit
1. INTRODUCTION
Infrastructureisthefundamentalpartofanation.Asthe population and urbanization are increasing at a rapid rate, more importance must be given to infrastructure development in the country. Sustainable infrastructure has shown its worth in current industries as an option which is more efficient, productive and more environmentallyfriendly.Ithasmoreadvantagebecause if we replace old urban infrastructure with new or modern andsustainablesystemsthat for surewill make cities more inhabitable and comprehensive. The term “sustainability” can be described as a way of enhancing the quality of life by allowing people to live in a healthy environment and to improve social, economic and environmental conditions for the present and future generations. Sustainable buildings help in balancing all social, economic & environmental factors in one go.
Moreover, the improvement of factor like sustainability is drawing the attention of construction industry which isagloballyemergingsectorbecauseofitsadvantagesof providing vast and a highly active industry in both developed and developing countries. There is a large need to find out how infrastructures are planned, delivered and managed as urbanization, digitalization andclimatechangesareimpactingtheworldatvery big level. So, we can say that if we keep developing more sustainable infrastructure that will definitely help in reducingcostofthebuildingsaswellaswillprovidehigh valueduringdesignformoredevelopment.Construction companieshavetriedtousedifferenttypesofsoftware’s for the sustainable development of the infrastructures, BIM(BuildingInformationModelling)isoneofthem.So, we can focus on implementing BIM in the sustainability analysesofanyconstructionproject.Inpresentstudythe sustainability analysis is to be performed by using BIM software i.e., Autodesk Revit. In this analysis a no. of aspects such as orientation (east, west, north, south), location of project, sun-path, etc. are needed to be considered.
2. BIM AND SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
BuildingInformationModellingistheprocessofcreating a digital model of a building or infrastructure facility. BIM is a developing software for the sustainable design; however,itlackssomewhereintheconstructionstageof the project. In the different stages of the work, the construction companies go through BIM to insert, extract, update and modify information’s in order to supporttherespectiveresponsibilities. Thefundamental idea behind BIM is to create and share the right information at the right time throughout the design, construction and operation of a building or facility, in order to improve efficiency and decision making. If we use BIM, it helps to process data in faster and safer way aswellasprovideslesswastefulconstructionwork.BIM
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 10 Issue: 01 | Jan 2023
alsoprovidesanotherwaytotheusersbyenablingmuch moreintegrateddesignaswellasafeasibleconstruction process.BIMresultsinbetterqualitybuildingswhichare more cost effective. BIM in the design stage can help in performing complex building activities & their analysis toensuresustainabledesign.BIMhelpsinunderstanding the behaviour of a construction project or any building before it is actually constructed. By this we can rectify theerrorswhichwearegettingintheplanorthelayout of the building. So, it gives number of solutions and advantages, if implemented in sustainability analyses of any construction project. According to Costanza and Patten , sustainability focuses to achieve present needs with taking care of the needs of future generations. The concept ofsustainabilitydependsuponthreepillars,i.e., social, economic & environmental. It is also known as profit,planet&peoplerespectively.Sustainabilitycanbe carried out to save our environment, to reduce building cost, to increase efficiency of the project and to add durability to the construction project. Sustainability can also provide healthy environment to the people, hence itsimportancetobeappliedortobeimplementedinthe constructionindustriesismorerequired.
3. AUTODESK REVIT
For architects, structural engineers, MEP engineers, designers, and contractors, Autodesk Revit is a software for building information modelling. Simply , Autodesk Revit is the software / platform which is provided by Autodesk to fulfil the purpose of designing and it also make possible to build concepts, make drawings and schedules which are very much required in Building InformationModelling.Revithelpsindesigningexterior, interior,area,etc.Therearethreetypesofcomponents which are model attributes, datum components and view-specific elements. In Revit , the elements are also called as “families”. Revit consists of various types of families such as ; columns , floors , walls , windows and doors,etc.whichmakesworkalittlebiteasier.Usersare allowed to create, delete and modify these families at their will. This BIM tool helps users to design building layout and all of its parts in 3D by analysing and interpreting the model by using 2D elements and it also obtains various details from the archive of the building modelsuchas;elevations,sections,etc.Differentviews i.e., 2D , 3D , each and every drawing sheet & schedules are available in Revit as a depiction of information from same model of virtual build of same project. Revit collects various information regarding the building projectonwhichweareworkingandforthesameituses the building plan & uses the information through the projectrepresentations.
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
Building Information Modelling (BIM) by Shrikant Bhuskade observed the case study demonstrating that BIM is replacing conventional scheduling and expense estimating approaches with a more efficient and automated system. Centred on the feedback on BIM and the case report, the research points out that , the quantity taken offs can be established as the Building Information Model is being designed to provide cost estimates on a project , BIM-based 4D scheduling helps to illustrate the building elements and prioritize progress so that better construction planning occurs in effectandBIM provides reductionintimeand costs and yieldshigherperformingbuildingproductsandservices. Research on Building Information Model (BIM) Technology by Tianqi Yang and Lihue Liao gives a rundownofawholeaspecttothetechnologyinvolvedin theBuildingInformationModelling. Thisresearch paper gets under way with a scientific definition of the BIM wherebytheydefinetheinnerfunctionofBIMinnarrow andbroadsense. BIM basedsustainabilityanalysesfora constructionprojectbyAhmedKhan&Dr.AnilNGhadge aimed to perform the sustainability analyses of hotel building with the help of BIM (Building Information Modelling).TheresearchaimistoshowthroughBIMthe various aspects such as; building sun path, location, orientation, thermal properties of materials, ventilation anddaylightinganalysis.Buildinginformationmodelling (BIM) for sustainable building design by Kam-din Wong and Qing Fan aimed to introduce BIM enabled sustainable design and to explore how BIM can potentially facilitate and benefit sustainable design. The research aim is to discuss BIM 's approaches to sustainablebuildingdesign,examinetheadvantagesand drawbackstoimplementing BIM topromotesustainable design, and include guidance for how to adapt BIM to sustainabledesign.
5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Rendering using Autodesk Revit
5.2 Various Analysis Done Using Autodesk Revit
5.2.1 Energy Analysis
Energyanalysiscanbedonebypreparinga modelusing Revit.Toperformthe energyanalysis,firstlyweneedto generate an energy model by using the model geometry to understand that what are the changes occurring with the design and what impact does it make to the energy performances.
SystemzonescanbecreatedusingAutodeskRevitwhich is basically a graphic element which is used to show areasoftheproject/buildinganditisalsoservedbyan analyticalspaceorsystem.Theseanalyticalsystemsare added in a 3D geometry to all the enclosed volumes which are available. Each of the analytical space is assigned to a specific system zone which is either availableinsideoritwillbetouchingtheboundaryofthe energy model. System zones can also be created by including the sun path into it. Sun path tells that, in which direction sun shadows moves at the building project side. When sun path is turned on , the software showsthesunpaththroughthebuilding.
5.2.2 Sun Path Analysis
Sun path analysis is a very useful process to determine appropriate locations for the installation of various familiessuchas;solarpanels,electricitygeneration,and other various types of solar related equipment‘s which aretobeinstalledinsidethebuildingcomplextousethe solarenergyinmaximumpossibleways.
5.2.3 Shadow Analysis
Shadowanalysiscanbedonealsotoreduceenergyuses and cost which just need a little investment in the systems. It can be very useful in reducing the summer heatabsorption,inreducingelectricitybills,etc.
5.2.4 Heat And Cooling Analysis
With the help of Revit, we can easily generate heating and cooling design temperatures. If we need to assess the building's energy requirements and to assess the space and zone needs , then review of heating and cooling loads is essential. We need to keep control over the heating and cooling loads because these loads are specifically associated to fuel and electricity consumption. We know that if thermal heat gets accumulated within the building, then it starts causing more and more heat and due to this the daily maximum temperature starts decreasing. So, we need to focus on the parameters which help in performing the heating and cooling analysis. Heating and cooling analysis is performed using BIM for designing a better sustainable buildingwhichgetsheatedandcoolednaturallyinavery efficientmanner.In Revit,wegotolocationandweather section and then through weather to check the heating andcollingtemperatures.
Scheduling with material take-off is the process of findingouttheestimateofcostandthematerialwhichis requiredintheprojectandalsotogiveanideaoffamily, material name, material cost , area and volume of the material such as door , window, etc. This is a very important aspect while finding out an estimate during theconstructionwork.
If , we simply talk about scheduling , it is used to create the data of materials used as well as the quantity in which it has been used and to found what is the actual cost of all these materials. Schedules such as window schedulecanbefoundoutusingRevit.
6 CONCLUSION
BIMisanimpactfulconceptinthefieldofAECindustries , as it has influence on the society and environmental factors.DuetotheimplementationofBIMinsustainable construction and also for sustainability analysis , BIM will play a vital role in the development of construction industries and will speed up the pace of work during project. BIM based sustainability analyses also helps in increasing the performance rate of the project. With the helpofBIM,wearealsoabletosavetheresources,time andcostaswell.UsingtheBIMtechnique,wecancreate 3D models , find out the material take-offs to provide cost estimations on any construction project. Hence , BIM helps to achieve the design intent during the construction of building facility and also in comparison to the new techniques BIM is more efficient in reducing costandtimeduringtheproject.
REFERENCES
1. Shrikant Bhuskade , “Building Information Modelling” , International Research Journal of EngineeringandTechnology,Volume2,Issue2 ,May2015,e-ISSN,2395-0056,p-ISSN,23950072.
2. Robert Costanza , Bernard C. Patten , “ Defining and Predicting Sustainability ” , Ecological Economics , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , Dec 1995 , Pages193-196.
3. Ahmed Khan and Anil N Ghadge , “ Building Information Modelling (BIM) Based Sustainability Analysis for A Construction Project”,Feb2019,Mumbai,India.
4. Tianqi Yang , Lihui Liao , 2016 , “ Research on BuildingInformationModel(BIM)Technology”, Volume 05 , Issue 01 , World Construction , UniverseScientificPublishing.
5. Kam-DingWongandQingFan,2013,“Building Information Modelling for Sustainable Building Design & Facilities , Volume 31 , No. ¾ , 2013 , Pages 138-157, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.