Mobility operation in the 5G Network between colorful Access Networks by IRJET Journal

Mobility operation in the 5G Network between colorful Access Networks

Dipali Shankar Shinde1, Pratiksha Narayan Kadam2 , Asst.prof.S.S.Jadhav3 , Asst.prof.V.V.Kadam4

1Pratiksha Narayan Kadam, MCA, YTC Satara

2Dipali Shankar Shinde, MCA, YTC Satara

3Asst.Prof.S.S.Jadhav,4Asst.prof.V.V.Kadam Dept. of MCA, Yashoda Technical Campus Satara, Maharashtra, India ***

Abstract The5Gnetwork,whichaimstomanipulatein 2020, is secerning in terms of data transmission speed, quiescence, and capacity of outstations on the network compared with the 4G network. One of the major design generalitiesforthe5Gnetworkistoaccommodatecolorful multipleaccessnetworkswiththecorenetwork,andtogive flawless mobility service. In this paper, we present the conceptionofMultipleAccessProtocolDataUnit(MAPDU) session to control large data transmission in 5G network, and propose a dynamic anchoring mobility operation betweendifferentaccessnetworks.

Keywords dynamic anchoring, mobility management, 5G network

1 INTRODUCTION

The5Gnetwork,whichaimstomanipulatein2020,differs fromthe4Gnetworkintermsofdatatransmission speed, quiescence,andcapacityofoutstationsonthenetwork.In addition, the 5G network is anticipated to play a part not onlyasanstructureformobilecommunicationservices,but alsoasabaseforfuturediligence

possibletohandlecontentsthatbearlargequantitiesofdata, similar as virtual reality or holograms. To break this problem, one of the major design generalities for the 5G network is to accommodate colorful multiple access networks with the core network. This allows druggies to enjoy immersive contents that they hadn't preliminarily enduredthroughthe5Gnetwork.Forthispurpose,there'sa need for a control system able of transmitting a large quantumofdatabycontemporaneouslyusingcolorfulkinds ofaccessnetworksconstitutingthe5Gnetwork(6).

Anotherofthemaindesigngeneralitiesfor5Gnetworkisto haveadistributedcontrolstructuretohelpcentralizationof databusiness.The4Gnetworkhasahierarchicalstructure inwhichseveralS-GWsareconnectedtoaP-GWwherean IP address is anchored and several base stations are connected to the S- GW. thus, in order to use the Internet service, the data business is concentrated in the P- GW, performinginhamstrungdatapaths.Inthe5Gnetwork,the GWthatanchoringtheIPaddressisdistributedclosetothe access networks to support a large quantum of data business.Inordertosupportsimilardistributedstructure, mobilitycontrolfordatabusinessbetweenanchoringGWsis needed.Whilethestonerterminalmovesinthe5Gnetwork and coincidently attaches to the 3GPP and the Non3GPP Accessnetworks,andwhenthedatapackettransmittedto the3GPPAccessnetworkispathswitchedtotheNon-3GPP Accessnetwork,theremayariseaproblemthatorderofthe packets isn't guaranteed because of the transmission detention difference on the paths in the colorful access networks.

Fig.1.Enhancementofkeycapabilitiesfrom4Gto5G

The 5G network aims to achieve data rates of over to 20 Gbps,whichis20timesfasterthanthe4Gnetworkwitha outside of 1 Gbps( 2). still, the factual data transmission speedthat5Gmobileservicedruggiescanwitnessisaimed at100Mbps.Thisraisesenterprisesaboutwhetherit'llbe

In this paper, we present the conception of Mama- PDU( MultiAccessPDU)sessiontocontrollargedatatransmission in 5G network, and propose mobility control system to guarantee nonstop data transmission between multiple accessnetworks.Theremainderofthispaperisorganizedas follows. In Section 2, affiliated exploration trends on mobility control are explained. Section 3 describes the structureof5Gnetwork,whichisbeingformalizedin3GPP. InSection4,adynamicanchoringmobilityoperationwith the End Marker is presented to insure flawless data transmissionbetween5GandWiFiaccessnetworks

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 10 Issue: 01 | Jan 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2. RELATED WORKS

Inthe4Gnetworkasinthefigure2,3realitiessimilarasthe ServingGateway(S-GW),thePacketDataNetworkGateway( P-GW),andtheMobilityoperationreality(MME),manage mobilityfunctions.Thepointofthe4Gnetwork,inwhichall thebusinessgeneratedbytheoutstationistransmittedto the central P- GW due to mobility operation and billing, causeshamstrungbusinesspaths.Inaddition,4Gnetwork doesn'tgivemobilitycontrol betweentheanchoringGWs. Since there isn't a unified mobility operation between colorful access networks and LTE access and WiFi access networksoperateindependently(3).

Proposesanoptimizationofthehandoverinterruptiontime intheSDNgroundeddistributedmobilityoperation(DMM). The idea of this paper is to use centrality for ranking the bumpsofthenetwork.Thebumpswiththeloftiestcentrality are named as mobility anchors for the data and control aeroplaneofthestoneroutstationsofthenetwork.But,since this offer is grounded on SDN regulator, the 5G network armaturein3GPPisn'treflected.

Proposes a network armature that employs MMEs as a logicalfunctioninthemobilenetwork.TheseMMEsperform UE operation autonomously in a distributed manner as independentdistributedMME(ADMME).Themainthingis toproposeanewnetworkarmaturethatsolvesproblemsin theADMMEselectionsystemwhileretainingitsadvantages. still,thisofferisstillgroundedon4Gnetworkandaddsan realitytomanagemobilityintheRAN.

Fig.2.4GNetworkArchitecture

The 5G network being formalized in 3GPP provides the conception of Demand on Mobility. The mobility characteristic and the mobility position are classified accordingtothetypesoftheterminal,similarasadetector ina stationarystateora vehicleunderoperation,thereby minimizingthepagingsignalingbetweentheUEandthecore network.AstheUEmovesthroughalotofstonerAeroplane Functions( UPFs), the problem about Session and Service Continuity(SSC)hasbeenconsidered.Indeedthoughthree waysaredefinedtobreaktheproblem,butproceduresfor furnishing mobility operation in colorful access networks aren'tdefinedindetailyet.

Analyzesstonerandcontrolaeroplanequiescence,handover prosecutiontime,andcontentoffunctionalLTEnetworks. ThispaperexplainsthattheLTEhandoverprosecutiontime conditionsandobservedperformanceareanalogous.Since the connected mobility use cases are targeting safety and effectivenessbearzeroserviceinterruptiontime,itsuggests thatthe5Gdesignmustusenewmobilitystylessimilaras makebefore-breakandmulti-cell-connectivity.

3. 5G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

A.DesignPrinciples

The 5G network armature has been defined in 3GPP to supportdataconnectivityservice.The5Gnetworkarmature uses service- grounded relations between Control Plane Network Functions where linked. Some crucial principles andconceptionareasfollows

-Separate the stoner Aeroplane( UP) functions from the Control Aeroplane( CP) functions, allowing independent scalability,elaborationandflexibledeployments.

-MinimizedependencesbetweentheAccessNetwork(AN) andtheCoreNetwork(CN).Thearmatureisdefinedwitha gathered core network with a common AN- CN interface which integrates different Access Types(e.g. 3GPP access andnon-3GPPaccess).

-Modularizethefunctiondesign(e.g.toenableflexibleand effectivenetworkslicing).

- Support concurrent access to original and centralized services.stonerAeroplanefunctionscanbestationednearto theAccessNetworktosupportlowquiescenceservicesand accesstooriginaldatanetworks.

B.ArchitectureReferenceModel

`Fig.3.OverallstepsofcentralitybasedSDN-DMM

The5Gnetworkarmatureasinthefigure4consistsofthe followingnetworkfunctions(NF).

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

- Access and Mobility operation Function( AMF) AMF providesfunctionalities similarasTerminationof RAN CP NAS,Registration/Reachability/Mobilityoperation,Access Authentication/Authorization

- Session operation Function( SMF) SMF provides functionalitiessimilarassessionoperation,UE IPaddress allocation,controlofUPF,terminationofSMcorridorofNAS dispatches.

-stoner Aeroplane Function( UPF) UPF provides functionalitiessimilarasAnchorpointformobility,Packet routing&forwarding,QoShandling

-AuthenticationGarçonFunction(AUSF)

-operationFunction(AF)

-DataNetwork(DN)e.g.Internetaccess,3rdpartyservices, driverservices

-NetworkSliceSelectionFunction(NSSF)

-PolicyControlFunction(PCF)

-UnifiedDataManagement(UDM)

-stoneroutfit(UE)

Fig.4.5GNetworkArchitecture

4. MOBILITY MANAGEMENT IN THE 5G NETWOK

Inordertobreaktheproblemofthemobilityoperationin the 4G network, dynamic anchoring mobility control, in whichtheanchoringGWformanagingtheIPaddressofthe UEischangedastheUEmoves,isbeingintroducedinthe5G network(5).

Inthissection,weconsidera5GnetworkwhereaUEcanuse 5GaccessandWiFiaccesscontemporaneouslyasshownin Fig 5. We propose a mobility operation grounded on dynamicanchoringwiththeEndMarkerthatguaranteesthe durabilityofsessionswhentheUEmovesbetweencolorful accessnetworksbelongingtodifferentanchoringGWs.Todo

this, the UE must be suitable to control the Mama- PDU session, and the 5G core network must supportinter-GW HandoverdiscoveryofmultiRATsandmobilityoperation foron-goingPDUsessions.

A.

Support for MA- PDU SessionThe 5G Network supports a PDU( Protocol Data Unit) ConnectivityServicei.e.aservicethatprovidesexchangeof PDUs betweena UE anda data network linked bya DNN( Data Network Name). The PDU Connectivity Service is supported via PDU Sessions that are established upon requestfromtheUE(5).

AMama-PDU(MultiAccessPDU)isatypeofPDUsession that allows operation to shoot admit business either over 3GPP access, ornon-3GPP access, or both accesses contemporaneously.AMama- PDUsessioncomprisesof a PDUsessionover3GPPaccessandaPDUsessionovernon3GPP access, or vice versa. Each of the PDU sessions may haveitsownsetofUPFs,butbothPDUsessionspartakea commonPDUsessionanchor(PSA).AMama-PDUsessionis created by speeding together two separate PDU sessions, whichareestablishedoverdifferentaccesses.

B. UE Architecture for MA- PDU Session-

DuringMA-PDUSessionEstablishmentprocedure,theSMF sends the IP address to the UE via SM NAS signalling. To controltheMama-PDUsessionandtheInter-GWHandover function, the UE supports Logical Interface( LIF) to acclimatizegivenIPaddresstoinnerIPaddressesformulti access interfaces independently. Figure 7 shows the armature of a UE with a LIF to support multiple inner IP addressesforcolorfulaccesstypes.

TheLIFsinthelinksubcasteoftheUE mayhavedifferent inner IP addresses, and each LIF is created one by one whenever a sub PDU session is created. The Mama- PDU session is generated through NAS signaling between the UECB( stoner Equipment Control Block), which processes the NAS dispatches at the UE, and the AMF. The UECB transmits the IP address, which is allocated at the time of Mama-PDUsessioncreation,andtheUPFinformationtothe LICB( Logical Interface Control Block) which manages the logical interface. The LICB generates the LIF using the correspondinginformation,andsetsuptheroutingtablefor mapping the business of each sub PDU session to the correspondingLIF

TheLIFgenerationandbusinesscontrolproceduresinthe UE,whentheUEperformstheinter-GWhandover(HO),are asfollows.

Previous to the handover of the UE, an IP# 1 address is allocatedtotheLIF#1accordingtotheNASprocedure,and the IP address of the source UPF is set as the dereliction anchoringgatewayintheroutingtableoftheUE.

UPF UPF AMF SMF Untrusted NonGPP Access 3 UE N3IWF 3GPP Access Data Network N3 N6 Y1 Y2 N2 N2 N4 N3 NWu N1 N1 N9 AF PCF UDM NRF NEF AUSF Nausf Namf Nsmf Npcf Nnrf Nnef Nudm Naf NSSF Nnssf Common Core Network Distributed UPF NAS for N3GPP

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Volume: 10 Issue: 01 | Jan 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

According to the routing policy of the UE kernel, the operation of the UE transmits and receives data using the IP#1address.AftertheUEperformsinter-GWhandover,it changestheOn- goingSessionfromthesourceUPF tothe targetUPFaccordingtotheNASprocedure,andthetarget UPF and the target base station( BS) establish a lair for recycling the business of the On- going Session. The operationoftheUEtransmitsandreceivesthedatausingthe beingIP#1address

C. Support for Dynamic Anchoring Handover

WhiletheUEmovesbetweendifferentaccessnetworksin the 5G network, theinter-GW( between anchoring UPFs) mobilityoperationgroundedonDynamicAnchoring,which guaranteesthepackettransmissionorderthroughtheEnd Markerexchange,isasfollows.

When there's a session created in the source UPF, the mobility control procedure of the ongoing session is different depending on whether there's an Xn interface(inter-basestationsinterface)betweenthesource BSandthetargetBS.However,aforwardinglairiscreated between the source BS and the target BS, If there's an Xninterface.However,ancircularforwardinglairiscreated between the source BS and the target BS, If there's no Xn interface. The circular forwarding lair is formed from the sourceBStothetargetBSthroughthesourceUPFandthe targetUPF.

1)Inter-GWHandoverprocedureforOn-goingSessionwith XnInterface

The Xn groundedInter-GW Handover procedure for ongoing session is shown inFig. 8 left side. Source 5G- BS determineshandovertotargetWiFI-BSthroughdimension control. However, a Handover Prepare procedure is performedthroughtheXninterface,andaforwardinglair betweenthesource5G-BSandthetargetWiFi-BSiscreated, Ifthere'sanXninterfacebetweentheBSs.

The target WiFi- BS buffers packets entered from the forwardinglairuntilaHandoverConfirmcommunicationis enteredfromtheUE.ThetargetWiFi-BSsendstheN2Path Switch Request communication to the AMF, and the AMF sendsthecorrespondingcommunicationtotheSMF.

TheSMFselectsanewtargetUPFoftheUEwithreferenceto theIDofthetargetWiFi-BS.TheSMFgeneratesanInter-GW lairforhandoverofanon-goingsessionbytransferringa sessioncreationandsessionchangedispatchestothetarget UPFandthesourceUPF.

ThesourceUPFsendsanEndMarkertothesource5G-BSat thetimeofthepathchangetoshootthepackettothetarget UPF.ThetargetWiFi-BSfirsttransmitsthepacketentered through the forwarding lair to the UE until it receives the EndMarker.ThetargetWiFi-BSbuffersthepacketentered

value:

throughtheInter-GWlairuntil itreceivestheEndMarker, andtransmitsittotheUEafterenteringtheEndMarker.

Fig.5.Inter-GWHandoverprocedureforOn-going Session

2)Inter-GW Handover procedure for On- going Session withoutXnInterface

Theinter-GWHandoverprocedureintheabsenceofanXn interfacebetweendifferentaccessBSsisshowninFig.8right side. The source 5G- BS determines the handover to the targetWiFi-BSthroughthedimensioncontrolandnotifies thetargetWiFi-BSofthehandovermedicationprocedure throughAMFandSMF.

TheSMFgeneratesancircularforwardinglairthroughthe source5G-BS-sourceUPF-targetUPF-targetWiFi-BS.

UntiltheUEcompletestheL2handover,thepacketsentered bythesource5G-BSareencouragedtothetargetWiFi-BS throughthecircularforwardinglair.

When the L2 handover of the UE is completed, the target WiFi- BS sends a Handover Notify communication to the AMF, and the AMF sends a Handover Complete communicationtotheSMFthroughtheN11interface.AMF createsanInter-GWlairtofurtherthepacketfromthesource UPFtothetargetUPF.

Inthepathswitchingstep,thesourceUPFtransmitstheEnd Markertothesource5G-BS.ThetargetWiFi-BStransmits the packet entered through the forwarding lair to the UE untilitreceivestheEndMarker.ThetargetWiFi-BSbuffers the data packets entered through theInter-GW lair until it receives the End Marker, and transmits the softened data packetstotheUEafterenteringtheEndMarker.

TheSourceUPFbuffersstonerdatabusinessafterthePath Switch without transmitting it to theNon-3GPP access networkinordertoguaranteetheorderofbusinesspackets. The source UPF transmits the last stoner business transmittedtothe3GPPaccessnetworkwithanendmarker.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 10 Issue: 01 | Jan 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

The 3GPP access network transmits the stoner business, whichtransmittedfromthesourceanchoringUPFtotheUE with the end marker. also, it sends the End Marker to the target anchoring UPF. This guarantees the packet transmissionorder.

3)OptimizingPathsforNewSessions

After the handover procedure for the ongoing session is completed,anewPDUsessionofthemovedUEiscreatedby assigninganewIPaddresstothechangedanchoringUPF. TheSMFsendsanN11Acknowledgementcommunication duringahandoverprocedureforanon-goingsessionwhich notifiesansuggestionforrequestingthecreationofanew session.TheUEstartsanewsessioncreationprocedurevia changed anchoring UPF. Through this procedure, the new session is routed through new UPF, which is the optimal path,withoutgoingthroughthebeingsourceanchorUPF.

5. CONCLUSION

The 5G network accommodates colorful access networks similar as 5G, WiFi, and Fixed interfaces under the single control medium in the 5G core network, and attempts to breakthevexationofserviceinterruptionwhenUEsmove betweenmultipleaccessnetworks.

In this paper, we propose a dynamic anchoring mobility operation with the End Marker to guarantee the transmissionorderofpacketswhenaUEmovesincolorful access networks in 5G network. Through the proposed mobility operation, the 5G network provides the optimal networkterrainforfurnishingamoreeffectiveandflawless communicationservicetodruggies

9. REFERENCES

[1] ITU-RM.2083,“Frameworkandoverallobjectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”,Oct.2015.

[2] NGMNAlliance,“NGMN5GWhitePaper”,Feb.2015.

[3] 3GPP TS 36.300, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN): overalldescriptionStage2”,Rel12.

[4] 3GPP TS 23.501, “System Architecture for the 5G System”,Dec.2018.

[5] 3GPP TS 23.502, “Procedures for the 5G System”, Dec.2018.

[6] 3GPPTR23.793,”Studyonaccesstrafficsteering, switch and splitting support in the 5G system architecture”,Dec.2018.

[7] Mourad Khanfouci, “Distributed mobility management based on centrality for dense 5G networks”,2017EuropeanConferenceonNetworks andCommunications(EuCNC),July2017

[8] Daichi Kominami, “A control method for autonomousmobilitymanagementsystemstoward 5G mobile networks”, 2017 ICC Workshops, May 2017

[9] Mads Lauridsen, et al., “From LTE to 5G for Connected Mobility”, IEEE Communications Magazine,March2017

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