Semantic Web concepts used in Web 3.0 applications

Semantic Web concepts used in Web 3.0 applications

1 Faculty, Dept. of Computer Science & engineering, MCAET Ambedkar Nagar, U.P., India

2 Faculty, Dept. of Computer Science & engineering, MCAET Ambedkar Nagar, U.P., India

3 Faculty, Dept. of Civil engineering, MCAET Ambedkar Nagar, U.P., India

Abstract - The human mind can only grasp natural language, but a computer can only comprehenddigitaldatain the form of 1s and 0s. There are only two ways to develop a single, shared vernacularforbothmachinesandpeople:Either educate mankind how to think in binary, or create a machine to understand natural language. The former of these two choices is impractical since the typical human brain is not sufficiently developed to carry out such a task. As a result, there is intense study being done on the drive to teach a computer to understand natural language. This idea is first being applied on a big scale on the Internet due of the huge volume of data that is available. This necessitates the conversion of the present Web 2.0 to the future Internet, often known as Web 3.0 or Semantic Web. The Semantic Web's potential applications are a hot topic of study, despite the fact that it is still in the early phases of development. This essay addresses strategies for integrating the benefits of the Semantic Web into the Internet's current system of several domains.

Key Words: Semantic Web, Web 3.0, Medical care, E Learning, Search Engine.

1. INTRODUCTION

A technology that "provides a common foundation that permits data to be shared and reused across application, corporate, andcommunity boundaries" iswhat the World WideConsortiumreferstoassemanticweb.SemanticWebis thenextdevelopmentinmachinelearninggiventhecurrent passion for artificial intelligence. The purpose of the SemanticWebistobuildawebofrelateddatafromwhicha computercanskillfullyextractandanalysetherelevantdata. Today'sInternetisdesignedforusagebypeopleratherthan computers. Accordingly, even if a computer can view a movie,playasong,andreadawebpage,onlyapersonwill beabletounderstandtheinformationinside.Inadditionto providingananswer,SemanticWebpromisestolink with the doctor's availability calendar to schedule a dental appointment.Thedocument-centricinternetoftodaywould changetoadata-centricWebofDatatypeofinternetthanks totheSemanticWeb.Sinceresearchisstillinitsearlystages, asmentionedinPaper11,thereareanumberofissueswith putting the Semantic Web into practise. Additionally, the same is applied in an equal number of other instances. Therefore,wemustreducethedownsidesuntiltherangeof applicationsoutweighstheSemanticWeb'slimitations.

The objective is to combine all of this into a single frameworksothatconsumersaregiveninformationthatis bothaccurateandonlyessential.

ResourcesDescriptionFramework(RDF),SPARQLProtocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL), Web Ontology Language (OWL), and Simple Knowledge Organization System are among the technologies used by the Semantic Web (SKOS). These have all been utilised independently, withafocusonhoweachwillbeusedtodevelopSemantic Webservices.

2. MEDICAL SCIENCES

The usage of Semantic Web in Medical Science will be its most significant application. The fact that biomedical data mustbe merged from multiple unrelatedsources presents thelargestbarrier.

Forinstance,itwouldbeadvantageoustohaveaccesstoand the ability to combine all knowledge on the links between genes,proteins,vitamins,tissues,activitiesoforgans,cells, andchemicalprocesseswhenmedicaldiscoveriesneedtobe produced [1]. This is feasible because to semantic web. Anotherusefulsourceofinformationisofferedby[2],which introduces the Dartgrid, a framework for application development that combines a set of semantic tools with semantic web technologies to make it easier to integrate heterogeneous relational databases. This interface uses DynamicSemanticQuery.

[3]demonstrateshowAnn,aneurologyresearcher,willbe able to do several things related to her study at simultaneously.Shewillhavetogothroughasizablequantity ofdatawhenwritingaresearchpaper,manuallysummarise them,gatheralltherelevantdataforherstudy,re-enterdata elsewhere, and perhaps even correlate topics that don't appeartomakeanysenseatall.Thenextsectionofthearticle discussesa"PaperWritingWorkspace"thatwasconceptually createdtohelptheauthorhandlethismassiveamountofdata as well as other personal tasks and email alerts simultaneously. The document also demonstrates the numerouschangesmadefromtheoriginalworkspacetothe final one, the latter of which features a variety of layout requirements,menus,choices,andotherbuttonsandkeysto tailor the window to her particular requirements. The SemanticWeb'sbrillianceliesinthis.

A structured database can hold all of a patient's records. Based on the patient's medical history, this might aid in disease detection. Patients may also be given medication depending on their prior medical histories. Diagnosis is a crucialstagethatthesemanticwebmayhelpwith.

Usersmayrecordtheirillnesses,andsemanticwebcanhelp identify the underlying causes using patient histories, histories of individuals with comparable illnesses, and a redesigned database of symptoms and disorders. One intelligentsystemthatemploysacomparablemechanismis Clinithink.

Websites with a single interface that map various medical data togetherareavailable[4]. This objectiveofcombining datafrommanysourceswillbeaccomplishedwiththeaidof RDF, OWL, and each of the Semantic Web's component pieces. By fusing metadata and ontology, it develops a vocabulary to connect various types of medical data and bringsthemtogetheronasingleplatform.

Thetranslationanduseofimagingtonon-imagingbiological data isa challenge.According to[5],a method formedical imageannotationinvolvesobservingthemanypropertiesof apicture(likesize,density,length,breadth,etc.).Theimaging system'sdatabaseisthenusedtocomparethis.Forinstance, the densities of various bodily tissues vary. The pictureof these tissues will also. This comparison enables us to successfullyemployphotosduringmedicalresearchinterms oftheirsemanticcontent.

OntheWeb,thecurrentincreaseinknowledge,particularly inthefieldofbiology,isincreasingquickly.Duetothenotion of e-Science being established as a result, the Internet has beensemanticallyrebuilttomeettheexpandingdemandsof biomedicalresearchers.

3. SEARCH ENGINE

The goal of modernsearch enginesistoquicklyindexthe pages with the most "hits" possible. We are unsure of the relevanceofthese"hit"sitestothesearchquery.Depending ontherequestprovidedbyeachuser,wemayleveragethe SemanticWebtechnologytogeneratecoherentresults.

Swoogle is one such search engine that was created [10][11][12]. One of the earliest metadata and search enginesforthesemanticwebisswoogle.Ithasadata-centric design and is extendable, allowing the various parts to operateindependentlyandcommunicatewithoneanother viathedatabase.Inasemanticdocument,RDFtripletsare used to tag every sentence. These three twins Swoogle employstheconceptof"rank"todetermineeachSemantic document's significance. to be utilised later in the search engine.Ontheoutputscreen,pagesbasedon"rank"maybe shown in this fashion. The proposed "Swoogle" search engine is semantically designed and has three tasks: • Choosingtherightontology

Finding instance data; defining the semantic web; and identifying it These tasks are carried out by four independentcomponents:interface,metadatadevelopment, data analysis, and Semantic Web Document (SWD) discovery. [10] Four functions discovering, digesting, analysing,andserving canalsobeusedtodescribethis.In thefirstphase,thesystemcontinuouslyupdatesitselfwith informationonthemany SWDsthatareaccessibleonline. Thenextstepistoconstructmetadataatthesemanticand syntacticlevelsbystoringsnapshotsoftheSWDs'objective information. Swoogle recently found 346,126 RDF pages containing 65,747,150 triples. While this figure is still insignificantincontrasttoGoogle'sindexof8,058,044,651 web pages, it is a significant quantity for semantic web researchers[11].

Utilizingthe"context"ofthewebpagesisthenextstepto evaluatethequalityofthefindings.Inordertodothis,the WebofBelief(WOB)isbuiltandthenmodelledintheagent world,theRDFgraphworld,andtheweb.Throughcustom web interfaces, the service component supports both softwareandhumanagents.

4. E LEARNING

Oneareathatisseeingdailyrapiddevelopmentise-learning. An open, intelligent learning environment must be established as one of the primary conditions for an ELearningsystemtosucceed.

A framework for the Semantic Web architecture is summarised in order to realise sophisticated eLearning techniques.Additionally,avarietyofproblemswithadopting semantic Web technologies for e-learning have been explored.Thestudyconcludesbydiscussingthemodeland outlining all the potential future developments [6]. and flavours.Evenbetter,thesepreferencesshouldbebasedon priorexperiences.Everyobservationmadeaboutastudent's learningprocessshouldberecorded,andthesystemshould beabletosimulatethelearner'spresentprofile[7].Inthis manner,itmayevenrecommendpotentialcoursestoeach student.

Whenitcomestolearning,therearethreedistinctphases: pre-learning, learning, and post-learning. A semantically builtE-learningsystemuseseachofthesestepssothatthe computermaydiscoverwhateachstudentisinterestedin. UsingtoolslikeLearningObjectMetadata(LOM),Sharable ContentObjectReferenceModel(SCORM),LearningDesign, and other pedagogical studies in semantic e-learning, [8] explainsthisapproach.

It is also possible to incorporate a web-based learning systemliketheonerecommendedby[9].Learningservices and assessment services make up the first division of a learningsystem'scontent.Ateacherisabletouploadfilesin a variety of formats. Utilizing assessment services,

instructorscontinuallymonitorstudentbehaviourandlook for pertinent information tailored to each student's requirements. The database belonging to the student contains the query results, which may be utilised in the future.Foreachstudent'smanytopicsandareasofinterest, a structured metadata is built. All of the aforementioned techniquescouldhelpthestateofeducationasitisnow.By doing so, education would be brought to the doorsteps of pupilslivinginthemostisolatedregionsofanation.

5. STASTICS

Thestatisticalinformationpresentedintheformofgraphs, tables,andchartsthatbusinessespublishonaregularbasis ischallengingformachinestounderstand.Thisisduetothe factthatorganisingandanalysinghugedatasetshasproven to be quite challenging. Semantic Web, a novel approach, offersencouragingoutcomesinthisregard.

Linkingdatatogethertointegrateitisshowntobefarmore efficient than using a traditional relational database. This connected data may be used by scientists for additional analysis and study. A few evaluation tests have been establishedin[13]toaidresearchersincollectingdatafrom severalsources.Additionally,severalstatisticaldatamaybe compared simultaneously. The Friend Of A Friend (FOAF) policy is one way to combine disparate data. Components maybequicklyconnectedtogetherusingthistechnique,and new components can be instantly found and added to the network[14].AframeworkcalledLinkedOpenData(LOD)is whereanumberofdatasetsarebeingpublishedmoreoften. This method has demonstrated the ability to not only function on sparse datasets but also scale up to bigger domains.[15]

NESSTAR [16]isanotherillustrationofa programmethat deals with semantic data. The purpose of NESSTAR is to "simplifythesearchfor,accessto,andanalysisofstatistical information."

NESSTAR intends to liberate statistical data from being solelyhumanintelligibleandmakeitaccessibletomachines. EachdatapublisherinNESSTARuploadsstatisticaldatato hisorherownserver.Thisinformationisuploadedinthe form of NESSTAR-identified objects that are saved semanticallyinamachine-readableformat.

6. CONCLUSIONS

BeforeSemanticWebiscompletelyfunctioning,therearea numberofchallengesthatmustberesolved.Allflawsmust be fixed since the goal of the Semantic Web is to give computerstheintelligencetoreacttorequestsfrompeople.

DeterminingwhichmaterialontheInternetisaccurateand which is not will be our first challenge. A means for upholdingtheonlinesites'legitimacyortrustshouldexist. Paper4advisesthatwecarryoutthisactionbyfirstdeciding onausergroupthatwecantrust.Eachoftheseindividualsis taskedwithchoosingadifferentgroupofreliableusersor pages. By assigning a trust rating to each page, the trustworthinessofthepagemaybeassessed.

Second,theSemanticWebwouldopposethisobjectiveina world where everyone is actively taking steps to demonstrate greater degrees of anonymity. Through the actionsofindividualswhohaveaccountsonvarioussocial networkingsites,suchasFacebook,MySpace,Twitter,etc., information from these sites will be contributed to the SemanticWebdatabase.Opennessandhonestycouldendup beingrequired.

Third,thegreatestnaturallanguageprocessingtechniques aregoingtobeneededtoextractjustthecrucialinformation fromtheweb.Theonesthatarenowaccessiblecanextract relevantinformationtosomeextent,butifSemanticWebis adopted,theymightnotcontinuetodoso.

Fourth,varioususers/websitesmayusedifferentwordsto refertothesameitems,evenwhiledoingso.Atoolmustfit the terminology; otherwise, it would be considered incompatibleandhandleddifferently.

These are only a few of the negatives that using semantic technology will unquestionably bring to light. Numerous technologiesunder development that will change the way Web2.0isstructuredcanaddressalloftheseshortcomings. Asseenbelow,however,thebenefitsofSemanticWebstill outweighthesedownsides.

Theauthorscanacknowledgeanyperson/authoritiesinthis section.Thisisnotmandatory.

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