“Technological solution for rural sanitation structure A Case Study Of Village.

Technological solution for rural sanitation structure A Case Study Of Village

1Student, Civil Dept. of TKIET Engineering, Maharashtra, India

2Professor, Civil Dept. of TKIET Engineering, Maharashtra, India

3Professor, Civil Dept. of TKIET Engineering, Maharashtra, India ***

Abstract - India isan agro-basedcountrywith 70%ofpopulationlivinginruralarea.Sinceindependence, thereisagrowthofpopulationandpresentlystandsat125 Cr. The sanitation was not at all given any priority of the living.Whereas health, agriculture and industrialization receivedprioritiesin5yearplanbygovernmentofIndia.On completionof3yearsofSwacchBharatmission,Ministryof Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS) organized SWACCHATHON1.0-aSwacchBharathackathonwhichwas announcedon1stAugust2017.Environmentsustainabilityis directly linked to sanitation (subburaman). Sanitation is fundamentalforsustainabledevelopment,layingacritical workinpromotinghumanhealth,wellbeingandlivelihood protecting echo system from degradation. (sarah dickin,2017)

The consequences of open defecation are the contaminationofgroundwater,surfacewater,air,soil,and environment. (subburaman. Due to the inadequate provisionforwaterandsanitation,andhundredsofmillions aredebilitatedby illness,pain, and discomfort(solo,Tova Maria) also million or more infants and children die each year from this diseases .The global use of inorganic fertilizersinagricultureisrising,resultinginanincreasein nitrous oxide emissions and heavy metals entering watercourseandgroundwater.

If human feces and urine are managed appropriately, nutrient-rich organic compost can be created without the need for high energy and high water consumption wastewatertreatmenttechniques.(marksanders,2018)

The civil engineering discipline as focused on the recirculation of water through the environment over the past 200 years failing to recognize the importance of the recirculationofnutrientthroughoutourenvironment.(Mark sanders,2018)

Key Words: sanitation,groundwater,surfacewater,air, soil, and environment.

1. INTRODUCTION

Inindiathereismajorpublichealthissueinenvironmental sanitation In India recent interventional studies on environmental sanitation is highlighted the importance of

prioritizing control strategies. There is big challenge In indian context , appropriate cost effective intervention strategies and their implementation. Environmental sanitationrelatedinterventionstrategiesinIndiadiscussed inthispaper.

Health of the community in Environmental sanitation, envisages promotion of by providing clean environmentandbreakingthecycleofdisease.Itdependson variousfactorssuchas hygienestatusofthepeople,typesof resources available, innovative appropriate technologies according to the requirement of the community, socioeconomicdevelopmentofthecountry,culturalfactors relatedtoenvironmentalsanitation,politicalcommitment, capacity building of the concerned sectors, social factors including behavioral patternof the community,legislative Indiaisanagrobasedcountrywith70%ofpopulationliving in rural area. Since independence there is a growth of population and presently stands at 125 Cr. The sanitation was not at all given any priority of the living. Whereas health,agricultureandindustrializationreceivedpriorities in5yearplanbygovernmentofIndia.Oncompletionof3 yearsofSwacchBharatmission,MinistryofDrinkingWater andSanitation(MoDWS) organized SWACCHATHON1.0-a Swacch Bharat Hackathon which was announced on 1st August2017.Environmentsustainabilityisdirectlylinkedto sanitation(subburaman).Sanitationreferstopublichealth excreta and sewage. Sanitation is fundamental for sustainabledevelopment,layingacriticalworkinpromoting human health, wellbeinbg and livelihood protecting echo systemfromdegradation.(sarahdickin,2017).

ThefieldofenvironmentalsanitationinIndiaisstilllagging farbehindmanycountries Duetothese illnessescancause many years of sickness and can lead to other health problems such as anemia, dehydration, and malnutrition. Severesanitation-relateddisesseslikecholera-isaspread rapidlyand bringingsuddendeathtomanypeople.InIndia theunsanitaryconditionsareappalling and thereisneeda greatsanitaryawakeningsimilartoplaceinLondoninthe mid-19th century. By applying require newer strategies improve the environmental sanitation. According to the need of the country identify the existing system of environmentalsanitationwithrespecttoitsstructureand functioningandtocontrol thestrategies.Duetotheissueof water constraints, environment-related health problems,

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rapidpopulationgrowth,inequitabledistributionofwater resources, issues related to administrative problems, urbanizationandindustrialization,migrationofpopulation, and rapid economic growth etc. these priorities are particularlyimportant.

1.1Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS), 2017 organizedSWACCHATHON1.0-aSwacch Bharat hackathon Published on completion of 3 years of SwacchBharat mission, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS) which was announced on 1st August 2017.Ithadgivensolutiontosomeofpressingissuesfaced duringimplementationofSwacchBharatMission.MoDWS looksforwardtoinnovativesolutionsfromtheparticipants focusing on target group of students, professionals, and organizations including startups. Ministry also looking forwardtosolutionswhichareaffordable,easytomaintain scalable,environment-friendlyanduser-friendly:

1.2 Environmental urbanization (2003) representthe MDGsincludestheneedtoimprovesignificantlythelivesof at least 100 million slum dwellers 2020 which includes increasing the proportion of people with improved sanitation.Thesegoalsinclude,for2015,universalprimary education, much-reduced infant, child and maternal mortality halving the number of people without safe drinkingwateradequateincomesandfoodintakesandthe spreadofmalaria,AIDs, andotherdiseases.

1.3 Kavita Wankhade (Urban sanitation in India 2015) told the scale of deficit in urban sanitation at the household levels which is also illustrated in table 1.According to census data13per.(10million)householdresorttoopendefecation, and another 3 percent or 1.8 million households have “unimproved”sanitation, unimproved latrines, removal of night soils by humans, animals or direct flow into the drainage. Six percent or around 5 million households rely on publictoiletsbutthesedonotincludetoiletshedbyneighbors. However, the National Sample Survey Office estimates that around 31 percent of urban 3 households depend on shared/community/public toilets, out of which households withsharedtoiletsaccountfor24percent

2. Methodology

1. Conducta baselinesurveyofselectedvillagewith relatedtovarious sanitation structuresliketoilet, gutter,septictank,biogasplant,sewersystem.

2. Interpretdata,andidentifyproblemswithrespect to usage operation and maintenance of rural sanitationstructures.

3. Studying the different byproducts of sanitation waste.

4. Suggestaruraltoiletusinglocallyavailablematerial byseekingpeople’sparticipation.

5. Conducttrainingprogramformaintenance,usage, andhygiene

6. Bystudyingtheavailableliteratureandobserving theactualsanitationconditionfindoutapermanent remedytocurrentscenario.

3. PRESENT SCENARIO:

InadequatesanitationcostIndiaalmost$54billion or6.4%ofthecountry’sGDPin2006asperestimates,Over 70% was health-related, with diarrhea due to lower respiratory infections accounting for 12% of the healthrelated impacts. According to Evidence all water and sanitationimprovementsarecost-beneficialinalldeveloping worldsubregions.Sectoraldemandsforwateraregrowing rapidly in India owing mainly to urbanization and it is estimated that by 20215, more than 50% of the country’s populationwillliveincitiesandtowns.growtharealsofor this Dramatic shift responsible factor such as population increase,risingincomes,andindustrialgrowth .Therecent developmentinNationalUrbanSanitationPolicy2008was promote sanitation in urban areas of the country.In rural areas,localgovernmentinstitutionsinchargeoroperating andmaintaintheinfrastructureareseenasweakandlack thefinancialresourcestocarryouttheirfunctions.InIndia, nomajorisknowntohaveacontinuouswatersupplyandan estimated 72% of Indians still lack access to improved sanitationfacilities..Duetothe lackofaccesstogoodwater, sanitation and hygiene nearly 8,50,000 people die every yearintheUnitedNations Thisincludesmorethan360,000 children under age five who die form diarrhea and many othersfromdiseasesuchascholera,dysentery,hepatitisA andtyphoid.

SOURCE:CensusofIndia(2011),houselistingandhousing censusdata

4. CONCLUSIONS

Afterdetailedsurvey,itisobservedthatvillageishavingless sanitationfacilitiesandhavinglessnumberoftoilets.Village isfacingsanitationproblemduetogeographicalcondition, poormaintenance,duetolackofawarenessandbackward mentalityofpeople.Bymonitoringtheusageoftoiletitis seen that those people having toilet facility are not using toiletsregularlyandalsomaintenanceispoor.Itisobserved thathumanexcretaandsewagesludgearevaluablesourceof nutrients.Thereuseshouldbepromotedinordertoreplace someoftheartificialfertilizerusedinagriculture.Awareness about sanitation structure has been increase because of adequateinformationgivenaboutsanitationbyconducting awarenesstrainingprogram alsosuggestedalternativeslike biotoiletfortraditionaltoilet

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