IoT-Based Women’s Safety Device

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IoT-Based Women’s Safety Device

Adiba P1, Bibi Ayesha S2, Bibihajra P3,

Nandini V M4

1,2,3,4 Student, SG Balekundri Institute of Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Abstract – Women’s safety has become an important societal issue due to the rising number of incidents related to harassment and physical assault. This work proposes an IoT-based women’s safety device designed to deliver instant emergency assistance without incorporating GPS technology. The system prioritizes fast alert generation and dependable communication to ensure prompt support during dangerous situations. A microcontroller functions as the main control unit and is connected to input components such as a panic switch, motion sensor, and sound sensor for identifying emergency conditions. When a distress signal is detected, the device immediately transmits alert notifications to pre-registered contacts and emergency services through GSM or Wi-Fi communication. In the absence of GPS, the system utilizes network-based identification, user-defined location references, or proximity information to convey the user’s approximate position. Cloud integration allows secure storage of alert data and event records for future analysis. A dedicated mobile application provides real-time notifications and system monitoring features. The proposed device is lightweight, portable, and optimized for low power consumption, making it suitable for everyday usage. By removing GPS dependency, the system minimizes hardware complexity, reduces energy usage, and lowers overall cost while maintaining effective emergency response. This approach strengthens personal safety and offers a reliable IoT-enabled solution for improving women’s security

INTRODUCTION

The safety of women has emerged as a critical concern due to the increasing number of incidents involving harassment, abuse,andviolenceinbothpublicandprivateenvironments.Existingsafetymechanismsoftendependheavilyonlocation tracking technologies, which may increase system cost, power consumption, and operational complexity. Recent advancementsintheInternetofThings(IoT)haveenabledthedevelopmentofsmart,connecteddevicesthatcanprovide rapid assistance without relying solely on GPS-based solutions. This research introduces an IoT-based women’s safety device designed to operate effectively without GPS integration. The proposed system emphasizes immediate alert generation, reliable wireless communication, and intelligent sensor-based detection of emergency situations. A central processingunitmonitorsinputsfrompanicbuttons,motionsensors,andsoundsensorstoidentifydistressconditions.

1.1 Research Objectives

Themainobjectivesofthisresearchprojectare:

 To design and develop an IoT-based women’s safety device that operates effectively without relying on GPS technology.

 ToimplementarapidemergencyalertmechanismusingGSMorWi-Ficommunicationforimmediatenotification.

 Tointegratesensor-basedinputssuchas panic buttons,motionsensors,andsound sensorsforreliable detectionof distresssituations.

 Toutilizenetwork-basedoruser-definedlocationreferencesasanalternativetoGPS-basedtracking.

 Toensurelowpowerconsumption,reducedsystemcost,andimprovedusabilityforeverydaysafetyapplications.

1.2 Operational Modes

 Normal Monitoring Mode

Inthismode,thedeviceremainsactiveandcontinuouslymonitorsinputsfromsensorssuchasthepanicbutton, motion sensor, and sound sensor. Power-efficient operation is maintained to ensure long battery life during regularusage.

 Manual Emergency Mode

This mode is activated when the user presses the panic button. The system immediately recognizes the distress signalandpreparesthealertmechanismforemergencycommunication.

 Sensor-Triggered Emergency Mode

The device automatically enters this mode when abnormal movement patterns or distress sounds are detected. Thisallowsemergencyactivationevenwhentheuserisunabletomanuallytriggerthesystem.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND METHODOLOGY

ThesystemarchitectureoftheproposedIoT-basedwomen’ssafetydeviceisdesignedtooperateefficientlywithoutrelying on GPS technology while ensuring rapid emergency response. The architecture is structured around a central microcontrollerthatmanagessensing,decision-making,andcommunicationprocesses.Inputcomponentssuchasapanic button,motionsensor,and soundsensorcontinuously monitortheuser’sconditionandsurroundingenvironment.These sensors provide real-time data to the controller, where predefined thresholds and logic are applied to identify distress situations. When an emergency is detected either manually or automatically, the system activates the alert mechanism immediately.CommunicationmodulessuchasGSMorWi-Fiareusedtotransmitemergencynotificationstopre-registered contactsandrelevantauthorities.InsteadofGPS-basedlocationtracking,thesystemutilizes network-basedidentification, predefinedlocationtags,orproximity-basedinformationtoconveytheuser’sapproximatelocation.Thisapproachreduces hardware complexity and improves reliability in indoor or low-signal environments. The methodology follows an eventdriven process, where sensor inputs are continuously evaluated under normal conditions using low-power operation. Upondetectionofanemergencyevent,thedeviceswitchestoalertmodeandprioritizescommunicationtasks.Emergency dataandsystemlogsaretransmittedtoacloudplatformforsecurestorageandfutureanalysis.

System Architecture Overview

1. Input Layer

This layer consists of sensors and input devices that detect emergency situations. It includes a panic button for manual activation,amotionsensorfordetectingabnormalmovements,andasoundsensorforidentifyingdistresssignalssuchas shoutingorscreaming.

1. Processing Layer

Themicrocontrollerorsingle-boardcomputeractsasthecentral processingunit.Itreceives signalsfromtheinputlayer, analysesthem,anddetermineswhetheranemergencyconditionhasoccurred.Predefinedlogicandthresholdsareapplied tomakereal-timedecisions.

2. Communication Layer

This layer handles the transmission of alerts. GSM or Wi-Fi modules are used to send emergency notifications to preregistered contacts and authorities. In the absence of GPS, approximate location information is communicated through network-basedidentificationorpredefinedlocationtags.

3. Cloud and Data Storage Layer

Emergency events and system data are securely stored on a cloud platform. This allows record maintenance, future analysis,andremoteaccesstohistoricalalertsanduseractivity.

4. Application Layer

Amobile or web applicationprovides real-timealert notifications,systemstatus updates,and monitoring capabilities for guardiansorauthorisedpersonnel.

Dataset Preparation

InthedevelopmentofanIoT-basedwomen’ssafetydevicewithoutGPS,datasetpreparationisanessentialstepfortesting and validating the system’s performance. Since the device relies on sensors such as panic buttons, motion sensors, and sound sensors, the dataset primarily consists of sensor readings collected under different conditions. These conditions include normal activities, abnormal motion, sudden falls, or simulated distress sounds. Data acquisition is performed by recording sensor outputs at regular intervals. Each data point is labeled according to the type of event, such as normal activity, manual alert, or sensor-triggered emergency. The dataset also includes metadata such as timestamps and sensor status to support real-time analysis. For testing communication reliability, network conditions and response times are logged. In addition, synthetic datasets can be generated to simulate multiple emergency scenarios, ensuring that the system is capable of detecting different types of distress accurately. The collected and generated data are then preprocessed to remove noise, handle missing values, and normalize sensor readings for consistent performance evaluation.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Finally, the dataset is divided into training, validation, and testing subsets to facilitate system optimization, sensor threshold tuning, and validation of alert mechanisms. Proper dataset preparation ensures that the device can accurately detectemergencysituationsandrespondreliablywithoutrelyingonGPS,enhancingtheoverallsafetyandeffectivenessof thesystem

2.1 Software Implementation

ThesoftwareoftheIoT-based women’ssafety device withoutGPSfocuses on efficientsensor monitoring,rapid decisionmaking, and reliable communication. Developed on platforms like Arduino IDE or Raspberry Pi OS, it continuously reads inputs from sensors such as the panic button, motion sensor, and sound sensor. Threshold-based or event-driven logic detects emergencies and immediately triggers alerts. GSM or Wi-Fi modules transmit notifications to pre-registered contacts,whilelocationismanagedviapredefinedtagsornetwork-basedidentification.Cloudintegrationensuressecure data storage, and a mobile application provides real-time monitoring. Power management routines enable low-energy operation,anderror-handlingmechanismsmaintainsystemreliability.Themodulardesignallowseasyadditionofsensors orprotocols,providingafast,cost-effective,anddependablesolutionforwomen’ssafetywithoutGPS.

3. RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

The performance of the proposed IoT-based women’s safety device without GPS was evaluated through a series of tests focusing on emergency detection, alert transmission, and system reliability. The device was tested in different scenarios, including manual activation via the panic button, motion-based emergency detection, and sound-triggered alerts. Emergency Detection Accuracy: Thesystemdemonstratedhighaccuracyindetectingabnormalconditions.Manualpanic alerts were registered instantly, while motion and sound sensors correctly identified simulated distress situations with minimalfalsepositives.Thethreshold-basedsensorprocessingensuredthatnormalactivitiesdidnottriggerunnecessary alerts.

Alert Transmission Performance: Emergencynotificationsweresuccessfullytransmittedtopre-registeredcontactsand authorities through GSM and Wi-Fi modules. The average time taken for an alert to reach the recipients was measured, showing rapid delivery within 2–5 seconds under normal network conditions. The absence of GPS reduced system complexityandimprovedthereliabilityofnetwork-basedalerts,especiallyinindoorenvironmentswhereGPSsignalsmay beweak.

System Reliability: The device maintained continuous monitoring without failure over extended periods. Power managementtechniquesallowedforprolongedbatteryoperation,demonstratingenergy-efficientperformance.Thecloudbased data storage and mobile application interface provided real-time monitoring and logging, enhancing system transparencyandaccountability.

Overall Performance: The proposed devicesuccessfullymettheintendedobjectivesofprovidingfast, reliable,andlowcostemergencyresponsewithoutGPSdependency.Theresultsindicatethatthesystemcanbeeffectivelydeployedinreallifescenariostoenhancewomen’ssafety,offeringanefficientalternativetoGPS-basedtrackingsolutions. Figure 3.1:

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3.6: SpendingbyCategoryVisualization

3.7:GoalCreation–SavingsPlanning

3.8: GoalProgressOverview

3.9: AccountBalanceVisualization

2026, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.315 | ISO 9001:2008

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4. CONCLUSIONS

This research presents an IoT-based women’s safety device that operates effectively without relying on GPS technology. The system integrates sensors such as a panic button, motion sensor, and sound sensor with a microcontroller to detect emergency situationspromptly.Alertsaretransmitted topre-registeredcontactsandauthoritiesvia GSM or Wi-Fi, while approximatelocationinformationisprovidedusingnetwork-basedidentificationandpredefinedlocationtags.

The results of testing demonstrate that the device offers rapid emergency detection, reliable alert transmission, and consistent performance in various scenarios. The system’s modular design and cloud integration enable real-time monitoring,securedatastorage,andeasyscalabilityforfutureenhancements.ByeliminatingGPSdependency,thedevice reducescost,energyconsumption,andoperationalcomplexity,makingitsuitableforeverydayuse.

2026, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.315 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page470

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Overall,theproposedIoT-basedsafetysolutionenhancespersonalsecurity,ensurestimelyresponseduringemergencies, and provides an efficient, low-cost, and practical alternative for protecting women in both indoor and outdoor environments.ThestudyconfirmstheeffectivenessandfeasibilityofGPS-freeIoTsystemsinimprovingwomen’ssafety

REFERENCES

1. S.R.Abhiraj,A.Nizar,A.Vijay,S.Rahna,andG.S.Anju,“AComprehensiveIoT-BasedUnifiedApproachforWomen SafetyAlertsUsingGSM,”InternationalJournalofRecentAdvancesinMultidisciplinaryTopics,vol.5,no.5,pp.67–70,May2024,doi:10.5281/zenodo.11192949.

2. Dr. Sujata Mallapur, Karunyahanshika, P. S. W., Vaishnavi P. A., and Vaishnavi N. M., “IoT-Powered Emergency Button for Women’s Safety,” Journal of Scientific Research and Technology, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 297–308, July 2025, doi:10.61808/jsrt282.

3. NivedethaB.,“WearableDeviceforWomenSafetyUsingIoT,” ProceedingsoftheFirstInternationalConferenceon CombinatorialandOptimization(ICCAP2021),Dec.2021,EAI,DOI:10.4108/eai.7-12-2021.2314485.

4. Harshitha J., Pallavi N., Sneha N., and Pradheepa J., “Women Safety System Using IoT,” International Journal of EngineeringResearch&Technology (IJERT),RTCSIT–2023,Dec.2023.

5. P. Preeti and M. Tajammul, “Smart Women Protection System Using IoT,” IJRASET – Journal for Research in AppliedScienceandEngineeringTechnology, 2022.

6. ProttashaGhoshet al., IoT-Based Women Safety Gadgets (WSG): Vision, Architecture, and Design Trends,Journalof EmergingTechnologiesandInnovativeResearch(JETIR),Dec.2025.

7. “GSM Aided Women Safety Device,” International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews (IJSRST) include foundationalworksonIoTsafetydevicesandrelatedsensorsystems.

BIOGRAPHIES

Adiba Pathan a final-year Computer ScienceandBusiness System student.Sheis currently pursuing her degreeatSGBalekundriInstituteofTechnology.

Bibi Ayesha ShaikhSurab is a final-year Computer Science and Business System student. She is currently pursuingherdegreeatSGBalekundriInstituteofTechnology.

Bibihajra Panargad is a final-year Computer Science and Business System student. He is currently pursuinghisdegreeatSGBalekundriInstituteofTechnology.

NandiniV.Matagar isafinal-yearComputerScienceandBusinessSystem student.Heiscurrentlypursuing hisdegreeatSGBalekundriInstituteofTechnology.