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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 08 | Aug 2026

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

“Investigation on Hybrid Electric Storage System (HESS) in active and passive connection for Lithium-ion battery and Super capacitors” Sharmila A Chougule1, Rudra Bakhal2, Ritesh Lawand3, Rupesh Lonagre4, Manthan Mahalle5, Om Bhavsar6 1Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, PES’s Modern college of Engineering, Maharashtra, India

2,3,4,5,6Student, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, PES’s Modern college of Engineering, Maharashtra, India

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - This paper investigates the structural and 2. HESS INTERCONNECTION TOPOLOGIES operational performance of a Hybrid Electric Storage System (HESS) combining Lithium-ion batteries and Supercapacitors. The system assigns low-frequency base power to the battery while diverting high-frequency transient peaks to the supercapacitor via a Filter-Based Control Strategy (FBCS). A dual methodology involving MATLAB/Simulink modeling (350V scale) and a physical 12V hardware prototype was utilized for validation. Hardware testing demonstrated an efficiency increase from 85% to 93% and a peak temperature reduction from 44°C to 27°C. The results confirm a projected extension of the battery's cycle life by approximately 30% to 44%, thereby reducing the total cost of ownership

The architectural integration of a battery and a supercapacitor determines the baseline control capability and the structural protection afforded to the primary energy pack. Four typical topology variations are analyzed in this research. A. Passive HESS In a passive HESS configuration, the battery pack and supercapacitor bank are connected directly in parallel across the central DC link without intervening power electronic interfaces. While cost-effective and highly reliable, power sharing is entirely uncontrolled and is governed solely by the internal impedances and dynamic terminal voltages of the respective elements.

Key Words: Hybrid Electric Storage System (HESS), Lithium-ion Battery, Supercapacitor, Filter-Based Control Strategy, Bidirectional DC-DC Converter.

B. Semi-Active HESS

INTRODUCTION

The semi-active topology introduces a single bidirectional DC-DC converter to regulate power flow through one of the storage units most commonly connecting the supercapacitor bank to the DC bus while the battery remains tied directly to the link. This architecture decouples the supercapacitor's voltage limits, allowing it to act as an aggressive power buffer to smooth out current transients. It strikes a highly viable commercial balance between performance control and component costs.

Modern Electric Vehicles (EVs) face a critical engineering challenge known as the "Power-Energy Dichotomy." Lithium-ion batteries (LiB) serve as the industry standard for high energy density but struggle to efficiently absorb or deliver fast, high-frequency power fluctuations. Urban driving patterns involve frequent "stop-and-go" cycles, causing sudden current spikes during acceleration and high-rate regenerative braking. These transient pulses induce severe thermal stress, accelerate internal resistance losses, and catalyze the irreversible growth of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer, leading to premature capacity fade.

C. Active HESS The fully active HESS isolates both the battery pack and the supercapacitor bank behind dedicated, independent bidirectional DC-DC converters. This configuration yields ultimate control flexibility, permitting precise voltage decoupling, highly scalable power splitting, and strict State-of-Charge (SOC) management for both storage mediums. However, the increased component count, weight, and system complexity present a severe commercial trade-off compared to semi-active choices.

To mitigate these degradation mechanisms, a Hybrid Electric Storage System (HESS) couples the battery pack with a high-power buffer technology. Supercapacitors (SC) possess exceptional power density and an operational lifespan exceeding 500,000 cycles, making them uniquely suited to process rapid load transients. This paper conducts a quantitative comparative analysis across three core structural configurations: Passive, Semi-Active, and Active HESS. By employing active power electronic allocation, the hybrid topology isolates the battery from peak stresses, optimizing overall performance, safety, and longevity.

Impact Factor value: 8.315

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