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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Investigating the Causes of Delayed Arrivals at Indira Gandhi International Airport Manan Munjal Tulsi Public School, Ambala City, Haryana, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Recent research has proven that reactionary causes, such as Abstract - This study investigates the cause of delays in late departures and crew scheduling issues, are major causes arriving at Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL) by of flight delays. For instance, studies on airport operational probing the possible connection between environmental effectiveness at DEL have concluded that reactionary delays conditions and flight punctuality and contrasting the and gate constraint contribute to around 76% of variation in findings with previous literature on reactionary and operational performance. Despite such findings that prove infrastructural impacts. The flights were pulled from the significance of operational causes, there has been a FlightRadar24 and combined with climatic information problem with taking into account the potential effect of from timeanddate.com to plot the Hong Kong–Delhi environmental causes on flight punctuality. route (HKG–DEL) for 30 days. The study uses logistic Flight delays are disruptive to all the parties involved in the regression to determine the effect of environmental air transport industry. Airlines are faced with routing and conditions, such as wind speed, wind direction, crew scheduling disruptions, which can cause cascading temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, on delays across their network. Passengers face increased delay. While the overall models were significant waiting times at airports, which impact satisfaction and can statistically, the individual environmental conditions cause connections to be missed. Ground handling personnel were not determined to have statistically significant face workloads as the aircraft arrivals cluster outside their correlations with delays. This contrasts with earlier planned slot allocations. Limited gate availability causes studies on airport operational performance—using some aircraft to be located at remote bays, which raises passenger handling complexity and transit times in the methods like Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)—that airport. had determined reactionary delays (e.g., late arrivals and crew issues) and infrastructural bottlenecks as the Our aim in this research is to make an empirical main cause of delay patterns, explaining up to 76% of investigation into flight delay figures alongside the variation in operational performance. Our study meteorological conditions and identify their individual illustrates operational and infrastructural factors, as contributions to the causation of delays. We take the HKG– opposed to environmental conditions, to be largely DEL route as the focus of our study, as it has a uniform daily accountable for DEL flight delays. The findings have and weekly frequency pattern and explore if variations in major implications for resource allocation and strategic meteorological variables can be statistically correlated with delay events. In comparison with past research on planning in air transport operations, such that operational factors, our objective is to enhance the common investment should be channeled into optimizing understanding of causation of delays, offering meaningful operational efficiency rather than into environmental insights into the allocation of resources and strategic forecasting systems. management in the airline industry.

Key Words: flight delay, operational factors, logistic regression, HKG–DEL route, airport efficiency, reactionary delays

2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Data Collection

1.INTRODUCTION

Data was collected from two sources:

Flight delays are a recurring issue that affect airline performance, passenger satisfaction, and overall airport productivity in busy airports like Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL). Delays in such airports occur through a complex interplay of infrastructural, operational, and physical elements. Environmental factors are most often mentioned as potential causes of flight delays, but their true contributions relative to operational factors are not well quantified in the literature.

Impact Factor value: 8.315

Flight Data: Real-time flight tracking information was obtained from FlightRadar24, where arrival, departure, and in-flight times were obtained for the HKG–DEL flight. The information obtained was the actual arrival times, scheduled arrival times, and delay status, which was defined as arriving 5 minutes or more behind schedule.

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