International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 11 | Nov 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Implementation of a Ventilator System for Efficient and Automated Respiratory Support using Arduino Controller Dhanushree ML1, Keerthana Mohan2, Vamshi KL3, Prof. S S Vidya4 1,2,3Student, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, BIT, Bengaluru,
Karnataka, India.
4Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, BIT,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The ventilator system is essential for addressing
monitor the patient’s condition, sensors such as the MAX30102 are used to measure blood oxygen levels (SpO₂) and heart rate, while the DHT11 sensor records temperature and humidity. A 16x2 LCD display and control buttons allow users to start or stop the ventilator and choose suitable settings based on the patient’s age group. Additionally, potentiometers are included to adjust the pressure and air volume delivered, ensuring the ventilator can be tailored to meet individual patient needs.
the shortage of medical ventilators, especially during emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or in lowresource areas. It offers a low-cost, easily buildable alternative using Arduino and basic components, making it accessible and deployable in areas where conventional ventilators are unavailable. Compared to existing methods, it stands out for its affordability, simplicity, portability, and real-time control of key breathing parameters. Its open-source nature also encourages innovation and educational use, making it a valuable tool for both emergency response and learning. Utilizing an Arduino microcontroller and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, the system automates a manual Ambu bag to deliver controlled ventilation. Key features include an adjustable breathing rate, tidal volume, and inspiration-expiration ratio, with real-time monitoring via an LCD display.
2. METHODOLOGY The implementation of an Arduino-based ventilator system follows a structured methodology to ensure efficiency, reliability, and automation. The key steps involved are: Step 1: Problem Analysis and Objective Definition
Key Words: Ventilator, Arduino Microcontroller, ESP8266
Identifying the need for an automated ventilator system. The key objectives are defined, focusing on maintaining optimal breathing cycles, pressure regulation, and adaptability to patient needs. Design constraints such as cost, power consumption, and component availability are also considered to ensure feasibility.
Wi-Fi Module, Real-Time Monitoring, Emergency Alerts, Ambu Bag, Controlled Ventilation.
1. INTRODUCTION The human respiratory system functions through negative pressure generated by the diaphragm’s movement, enabling inhalation and exhalation. During pandemics, the global shortage of ventilators severely strained healthcare systems, particularly in underprivileged regions with limited access to such critical equipment. In response to this crisis, some hospitals resorted to ventilator-sharing protocols, while temporarily addressing shortages, posed significant risks of cross-infection and improper ventilation. To mitigate these challenges, researchers have been actively developing lowcost, open-source ventilators to enhance accessibility and affordability. In addition to respiratory support, continuous monitoring of vital parameters such as heart rate remains essential for effective patient management, as it provides critical insights into a patient’s physiological condition. A heartbeat can be measured manually by detecting the pulse at the wrist (radial pulse) or neck (carotid pulse) using fingertips. This ventilator system aims to design a low-cost and reliable ventilator system using Arduino microcontroller and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The ventilator uses a DC motor with a linear arm mechanism to automatically compress a silicon bag, providing breathing support for patients. To
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Step 2: System Design Selecting appropriate hardware and software components. Hardware selection includes an Arduino microcontroller, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, Ambu Bag, DC motor, LCD display, and a power supply. Software logic is developed using the Arduino IDE, focusing on sensor data acquisition, real-time processing, and adaptive breathing cycle control. Step 3: Prototype Development All selected components are assembled into a functional system. The Arduino program is written and uploaded to control air delivery based on sensor inputs based on various age groups. Step 4: Software Development Programmed Arduino with a breathing cycle control algorithm (inhale–hold–exhale–pause). Integrated sensor data acquisition and real-time monitoring. Used an app called
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