International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 12 | Dec 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Expanding the Role of Robotics in Healthcare: Transformation with Future Potential Pritam Sarma1, Dr. Mitamoni Sarma2 1UG student, Department of Information Technology, Gauhati University
Guwahati-14, Assam, India
2HoD, Department of Electronics, Lalit Chandra Bharali College Guwahati-11, Assam, India
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Abstract - Healthcare has been identified as one of the key
the applications of manufacturing processes, it is expected that robots will be extensively used in applications such as construction works, healthcare, space exploration, etc. in near future.
application areas for robotics. The introduction of robotics in health care has significantly augmented the safety and quality of health management systems compared to manual systems due to healthcare digitization. Robots not only help physicians and medical staff to carry out complex and precise tasks but also lower their workload thus improving the efficiency of the overall healthcare facilities. Classification of health care robots is only done using application based categories to fit every aspect of hospital services ranging from cleaning robots to highly sophisticated surgical robots. The applications of robotics and automation in healthcare and allied areas are increasing day by day. This paper tries to analysis the expanding role of robotics in health care sector from hospital management system to surgery. The paper also tries to represent an overview about the pioneering robotic inventions for different types of uses including health care sector. The main aim of this paper is to focus on the potential benefits of integrating robotics in health care sector along with the promising futures such as next-generation surgical robots, intelligent rehabilitation and assistive robotics, hospital automation and logistics etc. However, there are challenges and roadblocks also to incorporate robotics in healthcare which includes not only high initial cost and maintenance, but also ethical and legal concerns with irreplaceable human oversight. Research works related to robotics with security concerns and ethical issues are still in an infant stage.
1.1 PIONEERING ROBOTIC INVENTIONS Assimov’s Three Laws of Robotics: In 1942, Issac Assimov gave his Three Laws of Robotics which provided moral guidelines of how a robot should behave and highlighted the importance of human safety in robotics. These laws still hold value in today’s world for safety and ethics in robotics. Unimate: In 1956, George Devol and Joseph Engelberger developed The Unimate, the first-ever industrial robot. It handled basic tasks like material handling and assembly and it was used for welding operations in a General Motors factory from 1961.The Unimate is recognized as the starting point of robotics in industrial settings, creating goals for workplace automation. Shakey: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) developed Shakey from 1966 to 1972. It was the first robot that could move and make decisions and reason about its own decisions based on its surroundings. Shakey was capable of navigating through various environment using sensors, cameras, and motors, perform tasks and make decisions autonomously. It was a crucial step in the development of robots with cognitive abilities and AI-driven decision-making.
Key Words: robotics, invention, healthcare, surgical robot, hospital automation.
Stanford Arm: The Stanford Arm was developed by James K. Salisbury in 1969. It was one of the earliest robotic arms capable of performing tasks autonomously. Stanford Arm paved the way for robotic arms to be used for industrial and medical use. These arms decreased the load on humans from doing physically tiring or precise work.
1. INTRODUCTION Robotics is a cross disciplinary field of computer science and engineering. It deals with design, construction, operation and usage of robots. Robotics is applied to design machines to help and assist human to reduce workload and for greater safety. Robotics merges various fields of engineering such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer engineering, control engineering etc and mathematics. Today, robotics has a wide range of applications in electronics industries, food processing industries, automobile industries, health care sector, defence sector etc for the welfare of human society. In industrial sectors, robots are used in order to make production lines more efficient and for time saving as robots can perform more accurately with high quality work. Today, most of the robots are used in
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PUMA 560: In the early 1980s, the PUMA 560 robotic system was employed in surgical operations to assist in needle guidance during brain surgery. This represented the inception of robotics in medical field, highlighting the precision and possible advantages of robot-assisted surgeries for intricate medical procedures. Honda E0 and Asimo: Honda started studying humanoid robots in 1990, which resulted in the development of the E0, a walking and balancing robot prototype. This advancement laid the foundation for later humanoid robots like ASIMO in
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