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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 09 | Sep 2025

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Groundwater Contamination & its Effects on Human Health: Study Area Anupgarh Block, Sri Ganganagar District, Rajasthan, INDIA. Dr. Seema Koushal Asst. Professor & HOD, Department of Chemistry, Agarwal Girls College, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------The quality of water is just as significant as its quantity. It Abstract - As contaminated groundwater have a

is used for drinking, washing, bathing, irrigation, power and steam generation, air condition, ecology, fisheries, recreation etc. Water is also widely used in production of atomic energy, paper, chemicals, ice, and steel. Water is the main component in the living body. It is essentially required for all body functions such as respiration, digestion, waste elimination, perspiration, reproduction, growth and a host of other vital activities. Water is a fundamental element of all social and economic infrastructures. The classifications of water in the manner of consumptive and non-consumptive are very important. When water is used consumptively it reduce the source at the point of appropriation and after that it does not available for other uses; while non-consumptive water use does not reduce the source and after that the water is available for reuse.[3]

range of ions and salts in high deliberation, thus using such type of water as drinking water leads to a variety of water borne diseases. Contaminated water used for drinking purposes generates many diseases which are not waterborne but due to surplus salts. To assess and analyses the contamination of ground water of Sri Ganga Nagar the whole district was divided into seven administrative blocks. This research work is focused on the assessment of groundwater quality of one Anupgarh block of Sri Ganganagar district. Groundwater samples were collected by selecting five different villages from this block.. Villages were selected where the groundwater is widely used for drinking purpose. Samples were collected during premonsoon, post-monsoon, winter and spring seasons. To evaluate the assorted hydro-chemical parameters alike pH, TDS, TA, TH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCO3, CO3, Fluoride and BOD, COD, DO, Cl2, NO3, SO4 and heavy metals, standard methods specified in book “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 17 th edition, 1989” were used accordingly. Contaminated water is harmful for human health. Its purity is essential to prevent human health. Hydrochemistry of groundwater shows its quality and suitability for drinking, domestic, irrigation and industrial use. Present research work has been done to assess the parameters affecting water quality status of the area and their effect on public health. Data results show that the block’s groundwater is polluted to a little extent. The quality of groundwater of Anupgarh block is of mediocre category.

Ground water flows from places of higher pressure to places of lower pressure. Groundwater flow in rock fractures is rather slow, where as it is somewhat rapid in sand and gravels. Upper plane of an underground surface in which the soil is forever soaked with water is known as water table. [4] The water table is affected by weather change therefore it fluctuates together with the seasons and from year to year.[5] Most ground water flows comparatively slow through rock underground for the reason the flow of ground water is affected pressure of water and elevation, water inside the upper part of the soaked zone tends to flow downward. Pores of water rock are small then water flows slowly while when openings are large then the movement of water is more rapid. Spring is the position where water moves naturally from rock against the land surface.[6] Groundwater is recharged by the accumulation of water to the soaked zone. A deep outlet that is dug or drilled in the ground to bore an aquifer is known as well.[7]

Key Words: Groundwater1, Contamination2, Water borne diseases3, Physicochemical analysis4, Hydrochemical5, Parameters6. 2. INTRODUCTION

Groundwater is rather contaminated by pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers which are used to agricultural crops which can find their way addicted to ground water when rain or irrigation water leaches the poisons down into the soil.[8] Other pollutants like as city waste, chemicals used in house hold and heavy metals can also seep by rain within Ground water.

Water is the major source of life and it is very essential for all living beings and the health of environment. Plentiful chemical substances on the earth are found in it. . Directly or indirectly it effects on all form of life [1]. Its presence determines the position and behavior of human on the earth. In all life on earth water is a basic medium of metabolic activities. It is used in every cell of the body to transport nutrients, oxygen, to cell and wastes to organs. Water is a part to regulate the body’s temperature system. It also act a significant role in preventing diseases. Fresh water must be clean and free of contaminants to ensure the wellness.[2]

Impact Factor value: 8.315

Groundwater can also be contaminated through liquid and solid wastes taken away from sewage plants, septic tanks, animal waste and slaughter houses.[9] Radioactive waste can be a cause of the pollution of ground water owing to liquid

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