International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Green Synthesis of Biocompatible Silver Nanoparticles Using Garlic Extract: A Sustainable Approach Nouran Y.Mohamed 1 1Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Institute (SEI), Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC), Egypt
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This research presents an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilizing garlic extract in conjunction with a silver nitrate solution. The garlic extract acted as a reducing agent and a stabilizer in the synthesis process. The formation of AgNPs was first identified by the colored changes of the reaction mixture, from colorless to orange, and then eventually to a dark brown coloration. The confirmation of the synthesis and some properties of the resulting nanoparticles was made by various analytical techniques. The UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis exhibited a maximum absorption between 435 nm, which indicated AgNPs. FTIR analysis identified functional groups (hydroxyl, amide, and polysaccharides) involved in the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. XRD confirmed a crystalline face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, while TEM revealed spherical particles sized 10– 30 nm. This eco-friendly method offers a simple, efficient, and sustainable alternative for producing AgNPs with desirable properties for environmental applications.
Garlic (Allium sativum), in particular, has proven to be an effective reducing and stabilizing agent in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Rich in bioactive compounds such as allicin, flavonoids, and thiol groups, garlic extract facilitates the reduction of silver ions and influences the particle size and shape of the synthesized nanoparticles. [7, 8]
Key Words: (Environmental remediation; climate action; biocompatible agent; nanotechnology; agriculture waste; silver nanoparticles: green chemistry.
These analytical methods ensure the efficacy of the synthesis process, paving the way for their application in medicine, electronics, and environmental science.
1.INTRODUCTION
Garlic plays a crucial role in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, offering an eco- friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods. Its use in nanoparticle synthesis capitalizes on the rich organic compounds present in garlic, such as allicin, flavonoids, and sulfur-containing compounds, which act as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. These bioactive compounds facilitate the reduction of silver ions (Ag+) to elemental silver (Ag0), forming nanoparticles in the process.
Synthesis not only minimizes the use of harmful chemicals but also complements the global pursuit of sustainable development. The generated AgNPs exhibit unique physicochemical properties, offering a broad spectrum of applications. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by various analysis techniques. The crystallographic structure of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined by XRD, while UVVis spectroscopy was used to obtain information on the optical characteristics. The elemental composition was studied by EDX, which provided a full profile of the chemical composition of the nanoparticles [9].
There is considerable interest in the scientific community regarding silver nanoparticles because they have distinct physical and chemical properties compared to their bulk material counterparts. Within the dimension range of 1-100 nanometers, such nanoparticles fabricated have outstanding properties, such as antimicrobial effectiveness, electrical conductivity, and even optical responsiveness. Their nanoscale dimensions create an extraordinarily high ratio of surface atoms to internal atoms, allowing a dramatic enhancement in their interaction with microbial cell membranes and catalyzing reactions [1-5].
This reduction process is not only efficient but also reduces the need for hazardous chemicals traditionally used in nanoparticle synthesis, minimizing environmental and health-related risks. Moreover, garlic's inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability make it an ideal candidate for medical and pharmaceutical applications of silver nanoparticles, as it enhances their antimicrobial and therapeutic properties.
recent years, green synthesis has emerged as a promising approach for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical and physical methods. This method utilizes biological entities, such as plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, and even waste products, tomediate the reduction of silver ions into nanoparticles. Among these, the use of plant extracts has garnered significant attention due to its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to scale up production processes [6].
© 2025, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.315
This eco-friendly approach eliminates the need for hazardous chemicals typically employed in conventional nanoparticle synthesis processes, making it a favorable alternative in nanotechnological applications [12].
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 297