International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Green Development and Regional Energy Security: A Multidimensional Case Study Analysis of the Rogun Hydropower Plant in Tajikistan Yoqubjoni Saivali 1,4*, Ping Fang 1,4, Ziyoev Sohibjon 1,4, Mahmudov Dalerjon 1,4 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China 2 UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China 3 Department of Foreign Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Republic of
Tajikistan
4 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Abstract – Endowed with one of the most substantial
assessed using multiple frameworks that integrate economic, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors [1]. In the context of Tajikistan, where hydropower constitutes the majority of electricity production, it is essential to evaluate these factors comprehensively to determine how to maximize the benefits of hydropower while addressing the potential risks.
hydropower potentials in Central Asia, the region is strategically positioned to advance its transition to a lowcarbon energy future. Hydropower currently contributes over 95% of the region’s electricity generation; however, a considerable share of its potential remains underexploited. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of hydropower in fostering sustainable development, with a focus on the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of expanding this renewable energy source. Utilizing a detailed assessment of the existing hydropower infrastructure, this study identifies key barriers, including financing constraints, and regional cooperation challenges, while simultaneously highlighting the opportunities for scaling up hydropower production.
Recent studies have emphasized the economic benefits of hydropower, particularly in developing countries. For Tajikistan, hydropower offers the potential for economic growth, industrialization, and energy security. However, studies also highlight the macroeconomic challenges associated with large-scale hydropower projects, particularly the capital-intensive nature of plants like Rogun and the country’s limited access to international finance [2]. Furthermore, the economic viability of such projects depends on the ability to balance construction costs, operational efficiency, and long-term revenue from electricity exports [3].
A case study of the Rogun Hydropower Plant is presented, illustrating that the project could increase electricity generation by over 3,600 MW, effectively reducing national energy deficits by 40% and providing a potential for surplus export to neighboring regions. The findings underscore the critical importance of overcoming financial and governance obstacles to fully capitalize on hydropower resources. Moreover, the study emphasizes the necessity for robust longterm planning, the development of innovative financing mechanisms, and enhanced multilateral cooperation to secure the sustainable deployment of hydropower resources. These strategies are essential to ensuring the long-term resilience of hydropower as a cornerstone of regional energy security and climate mitigation.
When assessing hydroelectric power plant projects, environmental sustainability is a crucial factor. In the fight against climate change, hydroelectric power is acknowledged as a clean and sustainable energy source that helps lower greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions can be decreased by large-scale initiatives like the Rogun Hydroelectric Power Plant (Rogun HPP) [2]. In addition, the Rogun HPP is strategically significant for Tajikistan and all of Central Asia. Because hydroelectric electricity replaces conventional fossil fuel power plants and balances intermittent sources like solar and wind, these factors contribute to a decrease in CO2 emissions. As a result, Rogun guarantees energy security and regional economic growth in addition to helping to improve the climatic conditions. The Rogun HPP may successfully demonstrate how energy development and environmental preservation can coexist in harmony by upholding international standards and a strong environmental management framework.
Key Words: Electricity generation, Sustainable Development, Environmental Impact, and Energy Security
1. INTRODUCTION Hydropower is widely recognized as a key renewable energy source that can significantly contribute to mitigating climate change by reducing reliance on fossil fuels. However, its sustainability is highly debated due to the complex trade-offs between energy production and environmental and social impacts. The sustainability of hydropower projects, particularly large-scale ones, has been
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Social sustainability is also a critical component of hydropower assessments, particularly in areas where communities are displaced or impacted by environmental
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