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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 05 | May 2026

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

GIS-BASED ASSESSMENT OFBANKLINE SHIFTING AND MIGRATION OF DHARLA RIVER IN INDIA Sahil Nur Rahman1, Bibhash Sarma 2 1(M. Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Assam Engineering College, Jalukbari,

Guwahati of Civil Engineering, Assam Engineering College, Jalukbari, Guwahati ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2(Professor, Department

Abstract - The Dharla River, locally knownasthe Singimari in parts of West Bengal, is a transboundary river f l o wi ng t h r o u g h India, Bhutan, and Bangladesh before joining the Jamuna, a majordistributary of the Brahmaputra. The river is h i g h l y d y n a m i c , showing seasonal variation in channel pattern, flow behavior, and bank stability. During the monsoon, increased discharge o f t e n causes channel shifting and severebankerosion, threatening nearbysettlementsand agricultural land. This stud y f o c u s e s on t h e Dharla River stretch between Jaridharala, Daribosh, and Dhamaligachh areas, located near the India -Bangladesh i nt e r na t i o na l border, where strategic importance and limited land availability restrict development. Bank-line changes from 2016 to 2025 wer e analyzed using Google Earth and Landsat 8 satellite images in ArcGIS 10.4.1 . Spatial analysis of fourteen equally spa ce d p o i n t s were used to evaluate bankline shifting at country and river side as well as erosion and deposition at both riverbanks. Key Words: Dharla River, Singimari River, Bank Erosion, ArcGIS, Remote Sensing, Spatial Analysis, Transboundary River.

1. INTRODUCTION Both banks of the Dharla River have been facing severe instability for many years due to seasonal flooding, high sediment load, and continuous channel meandering (Das & Saha 2021). During the monsoon season, the river carries a large volume of water and sediment, which accelerates erosion along the riverbank and causes frequent changes in channel alignment (Sarma et al. 2018, Alam et al. 2007). These changes pose serious threats to nearby settlements, agricultural fields, roads, and other local infrastructure. Continuous bank erosion also results in land loss and creates difficulties for communities that depend on agricultureand river-relatedactivitiesfortheirlivelihood(Roy et al. 2023). Previous studies based on remote sensing and multi-temporal satellite image analysis have highlighted the dynamic natur e o f the Dharla River and its associated floodplain changes (Ophra et al. 2018). Such studies have shown significant bankline migration, formation of sand bars, and shifting of river channels over time, which are important indicators of river instabi l i t y (Khan et al. 2021). These observations provide valuable information for understanding river behavior. In this context, the present study focuses on analyzing the bank line shifting status of the Dharla River and examining the pattern of erosion and deposition along both the riverbanks during the study period from 2016 to 2025.

2. STUDY AREA In this study, the focus is limited only to the Dharla river portion between JariDharala, Daribosh, and Dhamaligachh Areas, because Dhamaligachh area is located just a few meters upstream from Bangladesh border along with Madnakura Border Outpost (BOP). So, thisareaand the river reachhavestrategicalimportance fromsecuritypoint of view too. The site location i s shown in Fig. 1. Geographically, the study area lies between from Latitude=26.0241176 N, Longitude=89.433455 E to Latitude= 26.007267 N , Longitude=89.451601 E.

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