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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOAP BY USING GOAT MILK Keerthana Devi N.S1, Anitha .V2 1 Assistant Professor, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Pharmacy, Dharmapuri,Tamilnadu. 2 B.Pharm, Student, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Pharmacy, Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu.

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ABSTRACT- The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of goat milk soap prepared using natural oils and skin

friendly ingredients. The soap was manufactured by the coldprocess method of saponification using coconut oil, olive oil, and castor oil as the base oils, while lavender oil was incorporated for fragrance and therapeutic effect.Goat milk was used instead of water because of its moisturizing, nourishing,and skin-protective properties. Sodium hydroxide pellets were used as the alkaline agent to initiate saponification.And special precautions were taken overheating and degradation of goat milk compound.The prepared soap was evaluated for various physical and chemical parameters such as appearance, pH,foam height,moisture content, and cleansing efficiency.The results shows that the goat milk soap possessed good lathering ability, and mild pH and excellent moisturizing properties. The study concludes that goat milk soap formulated with natural ingredients is a cost-effective, ecofriendly,and skin-compatible alternative to commercial available to synthetic soaps. KEY WORDS: Goat milk soap, saponification, coconut oil, olive oil,castor oil, lavender oil, natural skincare,evaluation of soap

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, there has been a significant shift in consumer preference toward natural and herbal cosmetic products, driven by increasing awareness of skin health, environmental sustainability, and the potential adverse effects of synthetic chemicals. Conventional soaps and cosmetic cleansers often contain synthetic surfactants, artificial fragrances, preservatives, and colorants that may cause skin irritation, dryness, allergic reactions, and long-term damage, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin. As a result, natural alternatives derived from plant and animal sources have gained considerable importance in cosmetic science. Among these, goat milk soap has emerged as a popular and effective natural cosmetic preparation due to its mild cleansing action, excellent moisturizing ability, and skin-nourishing properties. Goat milk soap is a traditional yet scientifically valuable skincare product that combines the benefits of goat milk with natural vegetable oils and essential oils. Its formulation is designed to cleanse the skin gently while maintaining its natural moisture balance. Unlike synthetic soaps, which often strip the skin of its natural oils, goat milk soap works in harmony with the skin’s physiology. This makes it particularly suitable for daily use and for individuals suffering from dry, sensitive, irritated, or problem-prone skin. The uniqueness of goat milk soap lies in the composition of goat milk itself. Goat milk is a rich source of essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fatty acids, all of which play a vital role in maintaining healthy skin. It contains vitamins A, B-complex, D, and E, which are essential for skin repair, nourishment, and protection. Vitamin A supports skin cell regeneration and helps maintain smooth and youthful skin, while B-complex vitamins improve skin texture and tone. Vitamins D and E contribute to skin hydration and act as antioxidants, protecting the skin from environmental stress and oxidative damage. In addition to vitamins, goat milk is rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and selenium. These minerals are essential for maintaining skin strength, elasticity, and normal cellular functions. Calcium supports skin cell renewal, magnesium helps reduce inflammation, and selenium provides antioxidant protection. The presence of these minerals enhances the therapeutic and nourishing value of goat milk soap, making it an effective skincare product for various skin conditions. Another important characteristic of goat milk is its high content of fatty acids and triglycerides. These components are similar to the natural lipids found in human skin, which allows goat milk soap to penetrate deeply and provide long-lasting hydration. The fatty acids help repair the skin’s natural barrier, reduce moisture loss, and maintain softness and suppleness. This

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