International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 11 | Nov 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Feasible and cost-effective three-level temperature control circuit design for automotive industry seat heater system applications Hakan TEKİN1, Eren MURTULU1 1Seger Ses ve Elektrikli Gereçler San. A.Ş. Bursa, Türkiye
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Abstract - Seat heater is an electronic circuit–based
hand, normally different ranges of battery voltages are generated and used in the automotive industry. Therefore, designing a circuit that is capable of working in a wide range of input voltages and generating a fixed DC voltage is essential [9-10].
topology designed for optimizing vehicle heating systems and enhancing passenger comfort in low-temperature weather conditions. To can implement a design in a real word automotive system, the necessary standards for this section should be considered. This study presents a step-by-step design of a three-level temperature control circuit seat heater system for automotive industry applications. the designed schematic of the switching circuit is presented and detailed code comments and explanations are provided for the micro controller unit (MCU) regarding occupancy sensor analysis, setting heater operation based on passenger selection, and controlling current loops for the seat heater circuit.
Another important parameter that can increase the longevity of the battery system is establishing a current with minimum ripple amplitude in the battery, even if there is a large difference between the battery pack and the target DC voltage for the mentioned circuits [11-13]. DC-DC converters have been analyzed in literature [14-19]. This type of converters is used in EVs for different parts like the lighting, cooling or heating, wiper system, sound circuits, etc.
Key Words: Seat heater, Automotive industry, Micro controller, Three level temperature control, printed circuit board (PCB) design.
A micro controller system should manage the generated power and power distribution for these parts. One of the optional parts is seat heater system that is essential for cold weathers.
1.INTRODUCTION Although the seat heater systems have been designed and used in automobiles since 1970, and according to 2010 U.S. automotive data, more than 30 percent of automobiles have been equipped with these systems, normally they don’t follow any specific individual or mandatory industrial standards [1-2].
In this study, a three level heating system for automotive industry is presented to generate 3A, 4A and 4.5A for the seats in a car based on the passenger request by pressing a button system The Attiny 1616 MCU is used in experimental tests, and all code comments regarding the analog-to-digital conversions, seat occupation check, and three-level heating button control to adjust the level of current in the heater system based on temperature and passenger comfort are presented.
This causes some of these designs to not be used in an optimized way and to generate heat that is more than the sufferable temperature for passengers. Some of the designs could not introduce automatic turn-off systems over time, which can generate serious heat problems for occupants who suffer lower body sensory deficits caused by paralysis, diabetes, and neuropathy [1].
2. HEAT CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN STEPS Figure 1 shows the circuit topology that switches the load. The integrated circuit shown as U2 is a coded-type power switch and corresponds to the BTS6143D product.
For internal combustion engine cars, normally the power for elements like the wipers, lighting, heating, and cooling systems is supplied by the alternator, which normally charges the battery over time [3-4].
When a signal is applied to the switch's IN pin, it transfers the voltage from the VBB input pin to the OUT pin. The output current can be controlled by a PWM signal applied to the IN pin.
With the growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs), the application of fully electronics-based systems is increasing.
The switch features short-circuit protection, current limiting, over temperature detection, and load detection. Because the switch's RdsON resistance is very low, it can conduct a continuous current. Furthermore, the switch can supply a load current of up to 8 A.
In these cars, the mentioned parts are supplied by the battery pack system [5-8]. Therefore, an optimized application of electric energy can be helpful for battery health and a longer lifespan. On the other
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