International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Experimental investigation on Partial Replacement of cement with FlyAsh and Wollastonite in Concrete Bhavin Pindoriya1, Aakash Suthar2 1ME. Student, LJ. University.
2 Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, LJ. University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------production will reach around 5 billion tons by 2020, Abstract - This research examines the impact of partially
leading to a predicted 100% increase in CO2 emissions from Portland cement production compared to current levels by that year. Utilizing the best mineral additives in optimal amounts combined with Ordinary Portland Cement can enhance several aspects of concrete, such as reducing heat generation during hydration, increasing impermeability to water, minimizing alkali-silica reactions, improving workability, and providing resistance against attacks from sulfate soils and seawater, among others. Currently, India ranks as the second-largest cement producer in the world. Despite this substantial production, we are grappling with serious environmental challenges. The cement sector is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide emissions. To address these environmental concerns, alternative solutions must be sought. Numerous studies indicate that incorporating mineral additives into concrete can result in stronger, more resilient concrete that better withstands environmental factors that lead to its deterioration.
substituting cement with fly ash and wollastonite on concrete's characteristics. Fly ash, a byproduct of burning coal, and wollastonite, a naturally found mineral, are evaluated for their ability to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of concrete. The experimental procedure consisted of substituting cement with different proportions (20% and 25%) of fly ash and wollastonite (10% and 15%) across various concrete mixtures. The concrete's workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and durability were assessed at various curing ages (7, 14, and 28 days). Findings indicated that incorporating fly ash and wollastonite enhanced the workability and mechanical properties of concrete at optimal replacement ratios. Compressive strength tests showed a notable enhancement in strength when fly ash was combined with wollastonite, with the ideal replacement of 20% fly ash and 15% wollastonite demonstrating the best performance. Additionally, durability assessments showed improved resistance to sodium sulfate damage and reduced water absorption, rendering the composite material appropriate for sustainable building methods. This study underscores the possibility of utilizing fly ash and wollastonite as substitute materials in cement-based composites, aiding in the decrease of cement usage and the improvement of concrete performance.
1.1 FLY-ASH Fly ash is a substance generated from the burning of finely ground coal in power generation facilities. It appears as a fine, dusty material that rises with exhaust gases and is then collected by electrostatic precipitators or fabric filters prior to its release into the air. The main components of fly ash include silica, alumina, and iron oxides, and its characteristics can differ based on the coal type used and the method of combustion.
Key Words: Fresh Concrete Test, Hardened Concrete Test, Workability, Split Tensile Strength, Durability Test (Na₂SO₄).
1. INTRODUCTION
In construction, fly ash is widely utilized, especially in making concrete. When combined with water and cement, fly ash improves the quality of concrete by enhancing its workability, decreasing heat generation, and boosting durability. It also supports sustainability efforts by lessening the demand for new materials and minimizing the carbon emissions associated with concrete manufacturing.
Concrete stands out as a remarkable and essential material in the landscape of human development. It is recognized as the most commonly used engineered substance in the construction sector and is expected to maintain this status for years to come. This is attributed to concrete's remarkable characteristics, including its impressive strength, long-lasting nature, low maintenance requirements, and versatility in various structural uses. However, in recent times, the concrete industry has encountered significant challenges, primarily due to cement, which is an essential ingredient. According to the International Energy Agency, cement manufacturing is responsible for approximately 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions. It is projected that worldwide cement
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1.2 WOLLASTONITE Wollastonite is a naturally occurring mineral known for its distinct properties. Enhanced through advanced processing techniques, it has emerged as one of the
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