International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ENRICHED BIOGAS AS A SUSTAINABLE FUEL FOR SPARK IGNITION ENGINES Rahul Singh Chauhan1, Shailendra Kumar2 1M.Tech. (ME) Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Goel Institute of Technology and Management
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Goel Institute of Technology and Management
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------called the energy crisis. Alternative or non-conventional or Abstract: This study focuses on enriching biogas to make renewable energy resources are very essential to develop it suitable as a sustainable alternative fuel for spark future energy ignition (SI) engines. Biogas, primarily composed of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), also contains 1.1 Biomass trace gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and water vapor. To enhance its energy content and performance, Biomass is organic matter from plants, animals, and microbiogas must be enriched, especially in methane organisms grown on land and water and their derivatives. concentration. The research aimed to design a costIt includes residues of agriculture and forestry, animal effective biogas enrichment system combining water waste, industrial waste, municipal waste, sewage, kitchen scrubbing and chemical scrubbing techniques. A packedwaste, discarded material from food processing plants, etc. bed water scrubber and chemical scrubbers using Ca(OH)₂, Biomass contributes about 12% of today’s world's primary KOH, and NaOH were developed and tested at varying energy supply, while in many developing countries, its pressures and flow rates. The best performance from the contribution ranges from 40% to 50% of primary energy water scrubber yielded 83.05% CH₄ content, while [6]. combining it with chemical scrubbers increased methane concentration up to 95.15% with 76.04% rise efficiency In India, over 501.73 million tons of agricultural and agroThis enriched biogas was then used as fuel in a 4.5 kW industrial residues are being produced every year [7]. variable speed SI engine, and its performance was According to the 19th Livestock Census Report, the Indian compared with petrol and CNG. The engine was tested livestock population stands at 512 million, comprising under different compression ratios, ignition timings, mainly cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs, and other engine speeds, and throttle positions. Results showed that species including poultry. In India, the current potential of enriched biogas provided comparable power output and 2600 million tons of livestock dung generated per year, brake thermal efficiency to petrol and CNG. It delivered a capable of yielding 263,702 million m3 of biogas is maximum power of 4.55 kW and thermal efficiency of exploited [8]. 21.94%. Emission analysis indicated that CO and CO₂ emissions were lower than petrol but slightly above CNG. TABLE 1.1 Row material availability and gas yield [9] [10] Overall, the study confirms that enriched biogas is a viable and cleaner alternative to conventional fossil fuels for SI Sr. Raw material Production rate Gas yield engines. (m3/kg of dry
Keywords: Biogas, enriched biogas, water scrubbing, chemical scrubbing, CNG, bio-CNG, biogas enrichment, engine performance, engine emission
1. INTRODUCTION In our daily routine activities, economic, social, and industrial development, energy is considered as important input. Energy plays a vital role in our daily life. The degree of development and civilisation of a country is measured by the utilization of energy by human beings for their needs. Day by day energy consumption is increasing very rapidly. The world's fossil fuel supply i. e. coal, petroleum oil, and natural gas will be depleted in a few decades. The rate of energy consumption is increasing, supply is depleting resulting in inflation and energy shortage. This is
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Impact Factor value: 8.315
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No. 1 Cow dung
matter) 10 – 15 kg/day/head 0.34
2
Buffalo dung
15 – 25 kg/day/head 0.15 – 0.32
3
Poultry manure
0.06 kg/day/head
0.46 – 0.56
4
Sheep/Goat manure
0.75 kg/day/head
0.37 – 0.61
5
Horse manure 24 kg/day/head
0.20 – 0.30
6
Night soil
0.75 kg/day/head
0.38
7
Rice husk
1 – 1.3 tons/ha/year
5.67
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