International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 01 | Jan 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Empowering Lineworkers: The Case for Active Exoskeletons in Utility Work Stephanie Tomasik1, Peter Fuhr2 1 University of Tennessee Knoxville, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996 2Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831 USA
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Abstract – Exoskeletons have evolved from early medical
focused on medical applications of exoskeletons[2], [4]. Many projects focused on gait assistance with notable contributions from the Mihajlo Pupin Institute and the University of Wisconsin-Madison[2]. In 1965, General Electric proposed Hardiman, a powered exoskeleton aimed at amplifying human strength to lift heavy loads[2]. The Hardiman project ultimately faced design challenges with excessive weight and vibrations which halted further progress on the suit[5]. Despite not coming to fruition, the research from this project, among others, was still able to pave the way for future designs.
prototypes to advanced systems capable of addressing physical demands in various industries. This report explores the potential of active exoskeleton technology within the utility sector, focusing on its application for linemen who face significant risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). By analyzing existing literature on exoskeletons across industries such as construction, manufacturing, and military, the study identifies a gap in utility-specific applications. Task-specific design features like gravity compensation, limb support, and advanced safety measures, improve exoskeletons’ potential to alleviate physical strain, reduce workplace injuries, and enhance productivity. This review emphasizes the need for targeted research and development to optimize exoskeleton designs for the utility sector to provide benefits for workers, companies, and the broader community. Key Words: Utility musculoskeletal disorders
lineworkers,
Following the early designs of the 1960s, militaryfocused designs by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin, such as the XOS and HULC exoskeletons, were introduced to enhance soldiers’ strength and endurance during combat and logistics tasks[2]. A few years later, the 2010s saw developments such as the Wyss Institute’s textile-based exosuit for walking assistance introducing a soft style of robotic assistance[2]. While Wyss Institute’s soft wearable robotic device was still focused on medical applications, industrial and military applications also began to flourish. In 2021, French startup HMT introduced a powered exoskeleton for overhead tasks and heavy lifting with the idea that workers can do more work for longer with the wearable machines[6]. The progression of exoskeleton technologies has pushed designs to address needs outside of the medical industry to find solutions across various sectors.
exoskeletons,
1.INTRODUCTION History of Exoskeletons From the fantasy of science fiction to a tangible reality, exoskeletons have transitioned from conceptual dreams to groundbreaking technologies transforming industries. Exoskeletons are categorized into two main types: passive and active. Passive exoskeletons rely on mechanical support systems, such as springs or counterweights, to redistribute loads and reduce strain on the user’s body without requiring external power[1]. These systems are often light, cost-effective, and used for repetitive tasks like lifting in industrial settings[1], [2]. Active exoskeletons, on the other hand, incorporate powered components such as motors, hydraulics, or pneumatic actuators to assist and improve human movement[3]. These systems are designed to provide additional strength, reduce fatigue, and improve performance in demanding tasks, making them suitable for both medical rehabilitation and high-intensity occupational applications[2].
Solutions to WMSDs Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are among the most common occupational injuries, resulting from repetitive motions, prolonged postures, or lifting heavy loads[8], [9], [10]. These injuries often affect the back, neck, shoulders, and arms which can lead to chronic pain, reduced productivity, and increased healthcare costs[9], [10], [11]. Exoskeletons offer a promising solution to mitigate these risks by providing mechanical assistance and reducing physical strain on workers.
Exoskeleton technology has evolved significantly over the decades, transitioning from heavy and cumbersome designs to innovative, lightweight systems with a wide range of applications. Beginning in the 1960s, early prototypes
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