International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 12 | Dec 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Electric Vehicle Transmission Technologies in India: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects Debjyoti Karmakar 1 , Samrat Ghosh2, Promit Das3 , Niladri Dandapathak4, Aniket Maiti5 1234 UG Student Department of Mechanical Engineering, Techno International New Town, Kolkata. 5Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Techno International New Town, Kolkata.
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Abstract-Concerns over energy security and environmental
wheels. Various transmission arrangements exist, each possessing distinct advantages and disadvantages. India has been vigorously advancing the development of its local electric car market, prioritizing research and development as well as indigenous innovation. The government has enacted legislation, subsidies, and incentives to encourage the use of electric vehicles (EVs). This encompasses incentives for manufacturing and infrastructural development. Collaborations with global technological partners and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have facilitated the exchange of knowledge and expertise about electric mobility.
degradation are instigating a paradigm shift in India's transportation sector towards sustainable mobility solutions. Due to their reduced reliance on fossil fuels and diminished greenhouse gas emissions relative to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a feasible option. To enhance their performance and range, effective and reliable transmission systems are crucial for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. This report analyzes the current state of transmission technology for electric vehicles in India, highlighting advancements, challenges, and potential future directions.
For electric vehicles to achieve widespread use in India, several obstacles require resolution. The amalgamation of sophisticated transmission technologies with existing powertrain systems, customer cognizance, the elevated initial expense of electric vehicles, and the inadequate charging infrastructure are among these factors. A crucial aspect of India's electric vehicle initiative is the development of domestic transmission solutions tailored to the nation's specific driving conditions and transportation requirements.
Keywords: Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Electric Vehicle (EV), zero-emission, battery.
1. INTRODUCTION India, among the most populated countries globally, faces significant challenges regarding air pollution, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. These issues are mostly caused by the traditional transportation industry, which is predominantly reliant on fossil fuels.
Research and development initiatives have been continuously undertaken to enhance the overall performance, range, and transmission efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs). Moreover, enhancements in battery longevity and energy density directly influence the vehicle's power requirements and transmission design, so establishing a close correlation between breakthroughs in battery technology and transmission systems. The background material on this subject provides a context for analyzing the current state of EV transmission technologies in India,
The transportation sector in India has substantially influenced the country's total energy consumption, with petroleum-derived products comprising a considerable share of this energy. Major cities are facing perilously elevated air pollution levels and adverse public health consequences due to the environmental impacts of this dependency. Moreover, India's economy and energy security are influenced by variations in global oil prices, highlighting the imperative for alternate and domestically derived energy alternatives. In response to these challenges, the Indian government has been vigorously promoting the use of electric vehicles (EVs) to mitigate environmental degradation, reduce reliance on foreign oil, and foster sustainable growth in the automobile industry.
emphasizing accomplishments, understanding challenges, and forecasting the evolution of EV transmission systems in the country. By addressing these challenges, India can significantly enhance the sustainability and ecological integrity of its transportation industry and expedite the proliferation of electric vehicles.
In comparison to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) possess the capacity to significantly diminish carbon emissions and enhance energy efficiency. Despite advancements in EV technology, the transmission system remains a crucial element in optimizing the efficiency and performance of these cars. The primary objective of transmission systems in electric vehicles (EVs) is to efficiently transform electrical energy into mechanical motion by transmitting power from the electric motor to the
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2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE The main objectives of this study are 1. To present a summary of the prevailing transmission technology employed in electric vehicles in India, encompassing single-speed transmissions, multi-speed transmissions, and direct-drive systems.
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