International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 03 | Mar 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Dynamic On-Demand Energy Sharing for EVs Dr. S.M. Kannan 1, Dr.S.Venkatesan2 S. Joshua3, K.B. Lakshmi Narayanan4, R. Kaushal5, R.R. Dhaya Vishnu6 1 Prof & HOD/EEE, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu,
India
2 Prof/EEE, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu , India 3, 4, 5,6 UG Scholar, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu,
India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Electric vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging enables EVs to share energy, but current solutions face cost and efficiency issues. This work proposes a direct battery-to-battery V2V charging method using type-2 AC charger input ports and switches, bypassing active rectifiers to reduce conversion losses. A Battery Management System (BMS) monitors battery temperature and voltage to prevent overcharging and overheating, ensuring safe and efficient charging. The method’s effectiveness is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and a scaled prototype.
electric car, but its range was limited by the use of nonrechargeable batteries. Over time, inventors like French engineer Gaston Planté worked to enhance battery technology, but practical EV adoption remained challenging. In modern EV technology, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging systems primarily rely on either off-board power-sharing units or on-board type-2 chargers. While off-board systems provide flexibility, they increase cost and require additional space. On-board type-2 chargerbased V2V power transfer, however, involves multiple conversion stages, leading to energy loss from redundant power processing. These limitations highlight the need for a more streamlined and efficient V2V charging solution.
Keywords- Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Charging-Electric Vehicle (EV), Direct Battery Connection, Power Transfer Efficiency, Type-2 AC Charger.
1.INTRODUCTION
This work presents a novel V2V charging approach that enables direct battery-to-battery energy exchange between two EVs using type-2 AC charger input ports and switches. Unlike traditional methods that rely on active rectifiers for power conversion, this method bypasses unnecessary rectification and conversion stages. By using a minimal set of switches, the system creates a direct energy transfer path, reducing power losses and enhancing overall efficiency.
Electric vehicles (EVs), which rely on electric motors instead of gasoline engines, have gained substantial traction, particularly among environmentally conscious consumers. Interestingly, the origins of EV technology trace back to the early 19th century. Although the exact origin of the first EV remains unclear, electric motors were already in use in the early 1800s. In 1828, Ányos Jedlik created a small-scale model car powered by an electric motor. Later, between 1832 and 1839, Scottish inventor Robert Anderson developed a larger electric motor that powered a carriage. To assess the practicality of this method, a detailed MATLAB/Simulink simulation is carried out to analyze various V2V charging scenarios. Additionally, a scaled-down experimental prototype is constructed to confirm its real-world feasibility. The findings show that the direct battery connection method delivers a highly effective and practical solution for V2V power transfer, paving the way for more advanced and efficient EV charging systems.
2. PROPOSED METHOD On-board Type-1 and Type-2 electric vehicle (EV) chargers typically include an AC-to-DC converter (active rectifier) stage, followed by a DC-DC converter that manages constant current and constant voltage (CCCV) charge control. A vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging method can be implemented by connecting the input ports of two Type-1 chargers, as depicted in Figure 1(a). In this method, the provider EV’s battery delivers DC power, which is initially converted into single-phase AC using its bidirectional Type-1 charger. This AC output is then supplied to the receiver EV’s Type-1 charger, which converts it back to DC for battery charging. However, this method introduces energy losses due to multiple conversion stages, thereby lowering the overall charging efficiency.
Although early electric vehicles failed to achieve widespread success, they laid the foundation for further technological advancements. In 1835, two small-scale electric vehicles were independently built—one in Holland and another in the United States by Thomas Davenport. Davenport later constructed the first battery-powered
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