International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design of PI Tunning Controller using Genetic Algorithm for Load Frequency Control in Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area Power System J. Shankar1, G. Mallesham2 , and Surender Reddy Salkuti3 1,2Department of Electrical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad,
Telangana, India
3Department of Railroad and Electrical Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606 Korea
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT: Essentially, it is significant to supply the consumer with reliable and sufficient power. Since, power quality is measured by the consistency in frequency and power flow between control areas. The main objectives of load frequency control (LFC) are to regulate the electrical power supply in multi-area power system and change the system frequency and tieline load. A number of modern control techniques are adopted to implement a reliable stabilizing controller. An attempt has been undertaken aiming at investigating the load frequency control problem in a power system consisting of the dynamic performance of Load Frequency Control (LFC) in three-area interconnected hydrothermal reheat and wind power system by the use of bio-inspired based algorithm. The performance of LFC has to be tuned properly so that its performance can be optimized. However, most of the tuning processes are performed through trial and error until the best performance is achieved. The proposed approach has superior feature, including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristics and very good computational performances efficiency. The main objective is to obtain a stable, robust and controlled system under 1%, 2% and 5% step load disturbance, by tuning the PI controller using Genetic algorithm (GA). The algorithm evaluates controller parameter using cost function such as Integral Time multiplied by Square Error (ITSE). The three-area interconnected power plant under consideration is implemented in MATLAB and simulation is carried out to get the optimum values of controller parameters. From simulation results obtained via Simulink (MATLAB), the frequency variations in each area, tie-line power fluctuation profile as well as the convergence trend for each algorithm has been analyzed in this paper. Besides various system parameters such as percentage overshoot, settling time, rise time and steady state error, different performance indices have also been computed. The experimental results demonstrated the comparison of the proposed system performance (GA-PI) with conventional controller of PI for the same investigated power system. The results proved that the GA based PI controller achieves better response than conventional PI controller.
Keywords: Proportional Integral (PI) Controllers, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Optimization Techniques, Area Control Error (ACE), Load Frequency Control, Load Interconnected system, Tie-Line Power and Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
1
INTRODUCTION:
In modern times, the growing population and rising demand for electricity make conventional sources of energy inadequate to meet the growth. Thus, tie lines are required to establish a connection between various independent conventional sources in order to tackle this problem. The loads could be shared amongst the various sources and could withstand changes in the power system with ease because to their interconnectedness. The frequency of the system is impacted even though there is a greater chance of benefit from connecting between various places when there is load variation. If the load varies or changes for whatever reason while the single energy source is operating, only that energy source's frequency is impacted. However, when many energy sources are operating, all variations in load in any part of the power system affect not just the frequency but also the power delivered across the tie line. Because the main controller previously depended on the governor's action to restore the system's operating frequency to its pre-disturbance value, there is still a steady state frequency error. Consequently, an additional controller is employed, which raises the system's order while eradicating the steady-state error. This controller is referred to as a secondary or integrated controller. Because it delivers electricity in a more reliable and improved form, LFC is essential to the functioning and management of the power system. Restoring the system tie line power and frequency to their baseline levels before the disruption is one of LFC's most significant responsibilities. Controlling the generating units' usable power will help achieve this [1-4]. Everyone is aware of the continual fluctuations in the load during the day. During a power system's steady-state operation, kinetic energy © 2025, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.315
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 514