International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 11 | Nov 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Comparative Study on High-Rise RCC and Steel Seismic-Resistant Structures Using Bracing Systems Tulluri Vishnu Vardhan 1, Dr D.V. Prasada Rao 2 1PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Tirupati,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Venkateswara University College of Engineering, Tirupati, Andhra
Pradesh, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The need of high-rise buildings in seismically active areas predetermines the necessity of effective lateral loadresisting systems. The present study assesses the seismic behaviour of the reinforced concrete (RCC) and steel buildings of ten and fifteen storeys with four types of bracing options: Cross-bracing, V-bracing, Chevron-bracing and single-bracing. The models were analysed as per IS 1893:2016. The equivalent static method and response spectrum method were used to evaluate the seismic response parameters such as the storey displacement, inter-storey drift, base shear, and the fundamental time period. The Cross-bracing and Chevron-bracing were found to be most effective among the systems studied and minimised the drifts, whereas the V-bracing and the single-bracing performed poorly. It is concluded that the choice of the best bracing arrangements is critical for the stability of high-rise buildings in seismic-prone areas. Key Words: Seismic design; High-rise buildings; Bracing systems; RCC structures; Steel structures
1. INTRODUCTION High-rise buildings have become one of the most characteristic features of the new urban development. Building Construction is growing vertically due to the high rate of population growth and scarcity of land. The lateral forces acting due to wind and earthquake are critical to high-rise structures, which are characterised by buildings raised above 15 m by the National Building Code of India (NBC) [1]. In contrast to gravity loads, which are non-dynamic and predictable, seismic forces are dynamic and disastrous and, therefore, one of the main focus areas of structural design. One of the most effective solutions to the issue of seismic resistance has been recognised as bracing systems that increase the stiffness and strength without being too costly [2]. These systems are fabricated out of thin steel members, and they transmit lateral forces mainly by axial tension and compression. Bracing systems can significantly reduce inter-storey drift, lateral displacement and basic time periods depending on their arrangement [2]. According to IS 1893:2016, seismic zoning of India defines four zones, and such areas as the Himalayan belt, North-East India, and Gujarat are the most susceptible ones [3]. It has been observed that bare frames are not sufficient to resist seismic forces and that they require auxiliary systems like shear walls, outriggers, and bracing [4,5]. Shear walls are stiffening and may have restrictive effects on architecture, as compared to bracing systems, which are flexible and available as retrofit options [6]. The study explores the relative effectiveness of Cross-bracing, V-bracing, Chevron bracing, and single bracing used in RCC and steel buildings with ten and fifteen storeys. Their effectiveness in the seismic response can be assessed using structural modelling using ETABS.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW Seismic loading of high-rise structures has received extensive research on performance. Norharsi et al., [7] showed that ultrasonic pulse velocity, as another non-destructive testing method, can be used to evaluate in-situ concrete properties effectively in tall buildings, which is why strong materials are vital in seismic performance. A comparison of seismic design provisions in the Indian and European standards by Tapkire and Birajdar [6] indicated that, in the Indian and European standards, ductility classes and factors of response reduction differed directly, and this impacts seismic resilience. Various bracing designs are investigated. Shahrzad et al., [5] discovered that inverted V-bracing was the most efficient in terms of utilisation of material and still offered sufficient stiffness, but single bracing offered better energy absorption, with the displacements being greater. Maheri and Sahebi [2] experimentally demonstrated that Cross-bracing was capable of increasing the lateral load resistance of RC frames three times that of unbraced systems. Subsequent research, like
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