International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Comparative Analysis of Cardamom Drying Technologies: Energy Efficiency, Quality Retention, Capacity and Cost-Effectiveness Kartik Patel1, Rubina Chaudhary2, Rakesh Maheshwari3 1Senior Project Associate, 2Head, 3Scientist E and Head
1’3Value Addition Research and Development (VARD) and Intellectual Property Rights Management (IPM) -
Engineering
1’3National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF), an autonomous Institute of Dept. of Science and Tech. Govt. of India 2Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
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Abstract - Incorrect drying of cardamom significantly impacts quality, quantity, and economic viability, resulting in a 10-20% loss in quality and quantity and a 5-10% loss in market value. Causal factors include inadequate techniques, insufficient training, and poor handling and storage practices. Implementing optimal drying technologies and proper training can mitigate these losses. Cardamom drying is a crucial step in preserving the quality and aroma of this valuable spice. Various drying technologies are employed in India, but their efficiency, capacity, quality retention, and cost- effectiveness vary significantly. This review evaluates cardamom drying technologies to bring to light the potential of current technologies and future direction for growth. The results indicate that Solar and Heat Pump dryers offer the fastest drying times, ranging from 6 to 12 hours, and superior quality retention. In contrast, Biomass dryers demonstrate low energy consumption and moderate drying times of 14-19 hours. Conversely, Electric dryers and Traditional Bhattis exhibit high energy consumption and compromised quality retention. A comprehensive cost analysis reveals Solar dryers as the most economical option, closely followed by Biomass dryers. This review provides critical insights for cardamom stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers, underscoring the potential of energy-efficient and cost-effective drying technologies to enhance the competitiveness of India's cardamom industry. To boost both quality and productivity in cardamom production, India must prioritize the adoption of efficient and cost-effective drying technologies. Key Words: Cardamom drying, energy efficiency, quality retention, cost-effectiveness, solar drying, heat pump drying, biomass drying
1.INTRODUCTION Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) (Fig 1), aptly referred to as the "Queen of Spices," is a highly valued spice crop native to the tropical regions of India and Southeast Asia [1][2]. This aromatic crop is widely cultivated for its seeds, which are enclosed in a green, pod-like fruit, prized for their unique flavour, aroma, and medicinal properties [3]. Cardamom production in India significantly contributes to the global market, accounting for approximately 40% of worldwide production [4]. India produces around 40,000-50,000 tons of cardamom annually, with major producing states including Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and NE region [4] [5].
Fig -1: Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton The main cardamom varieties cultivated in India are Alleppey Green, Coorg Green, and Naga Jhaal [1] along with Njallani variety [6][7]. However, the industry faces several challenges, including climate change, diseases, and pests [3]. Rising
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