International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Bimetallic nano and micro alloys of transition metals CoxNi(1-x) F. Barffuson-Dominguez1, R. Gámez-Corrales1, J. R. González-Martínez2, O. Alcantar-Jatomea3 G.T. Paredes-Quijada4 1F. Barffuson-Domínguez, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 1626, 83000, Hermosillo,
Sonora, México.
1R. Gámez-Corrales, Professor, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 1626, 83000,
Hermosillo, Sonora, México. E-mail: rogelio.gamez@unison.mx.
2J.R. González-Martínez, Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 1626,
83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
3O. Alcantar-Jatomea, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnológico Nacional de México, campus Hermosillo,
83170, Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
4G.T Paredes-Quijada, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo,
Sonora, México. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – Bimetallic nanoalloys of transition metals represent a field of considerable potential, and research endeavors in this domain are of significant interest. These intriguing materials have garnered substantial interest due to their numerous applications as catalysts for hydrogen and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, magnetic fluids, and magnetic data storage. Additionally, their biomedical applications include drug delivery and cancer treatment through hyperthermia. In this pioneering study, we delve into the intricacies of the fabrication and nanostructures of CoxNi(1-x) nanoalloys. In the fabrication process of these bimetallic nanoalloys, high-energy micromechanical milling was employed to produce soft transition metals. These metals were produced using powdered cobalt and nickel in varying ratios. Subsequently, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to obtain a more detailed view of the nanostructures of the nanoalloys. The SEM data revealed hierarchical patterns of spherical formations with nanometric sizes down to 10 microns.
widespread use in hydrogenation reactions, including the reduction of nitrophenols and the hydrogenation of biomassderived compounds such as levulinic acid and glycerol, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, magnetic fluids, and magnetic data storage. The development of a myriad of applications of this type of bimetallic nanomaterial can be attributed to its morphology. These include chains of spheres [1], columnar structures [2], polydisperse quasi-spherical nanoalloys of various sizes [3], quasi-spherical micrometric alloys [4], starfish-type [5], nanoflakes [6], micrometric flowers formed by sequin-type structures [7]. Shell-core nanoparticles [8], Mushroom-type microstructures [9], nanofibers, metal alloy nanotubes, hollow spheres [10], nanocrystals [11], and nanowires [12], among others, have also been identified. This study investigated the morphology of CoxNi(1-x) nanoalloys using inverted optical and scanning electron microscopy. The high-energy mechanical milling technique was selected for its cost-effectiveness and ease of control over the structures to be obtained.
Key Words: SEM, micromechanical milling, CoxNi(1-x), nano-alloys, hierarchical structures.
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
1. INTRODUCTION
2.1 Sample preparations
In recent years, nanostructured alloys have garnered heightened interest due to the potential for precise control over their size and shape while retaining the distinct properties of each constituent metal. These properties render them suitable for diverse industrial and scientific applications. Transition metals have been the subject of numerous applications, particularly for biomedicine, where bimetallic nanoalloys have been utilized in magnetic hyperthermia treatments for cancer. These nanoalloys augment local heat, leading to the destruction of cancerous cells. The potential of bimetallic nanoalloys extends to various fields, including drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cell separation, biomarker detection, and bacterial infection treatment. Another area of application is catalysis, where bimetallic nanoparticles have found
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The cobalt and nickel materials were obtained from SigmaAldrich in powder form, with a purity of 99% for cobalt and 99% for nickel, and were used without prior purification treatment. The average powder size indicated by Sigma Aldrich for cobalt and nickel was less than 10 and 50 micrometers, respectively. The nanometric particles (alloys) were obtained by the high-energy mechanical grinding method using high-energy Fritsch Pulverisette 5 and 6 planetary mills (Figure 1). In all the samples in this study, the cobalt-nickel ratio was systematically varied, considering its established stoichiometries: CoxNi(1-x) [x= 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1]. The grinding was performed for each sample of nanoalloy nanostructures for 24 hours at 350 RPM with 6 mm and 8 mm diameter steel balls in agate containers of 65
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