International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 02 | Feb 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Behavior of Geogrid-Reinforced Sand Beds Analyzed through Multiple Regression Pooja G N1, Dakshayini M L2, Basavaraju M3, Dr.H.C. Muddaraju4, Dr. S. Gangadhara5 1 & 2MTech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE),
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India – 560056
3Research Scholar Department of Civil Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE),
Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India - 560056
4Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE),
Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India - 560056
5Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE),
Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India - 560056 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Geogrid-reinforced soil foundations (GRSF) are
settlement, offering an economical alternative conventional ground improvement methods.
widely employed in geotechnical engineering to enhance the bearing capacity of weak subgrades and to minimize footing settlement. Beyond their effectiveness in soft soil improvement, GRS systems contribute to the overall stability and durability of infrastructure by redistributing stresses and providing tensile resistance within the soil mass. These reinforcement techniques have proven valuable in applications ranging from highway embankments and bridge approaches to retaining structures and foundation systems, where both load-bearing efficiency and long-term serviceability are critical
The geogrids are effective in reinforced foundation systems owing to their superior interlocking with granular soils. The performance of reinforced soil foundations is primarily governed by key geometric parameters such as the depth of the first reinforcement layer (U/B), the vertical spacing between reinforcement layers (S/B), and the number of reinforcement layers (N). These parameters significantly influence the load–settlement response and bearing capacity of reinforced soil foundations.
This study experimentally investigates the behavior of a square footing resting on unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced sand beds under static loading. Laboratory model tests were conducted using a rigid square footing of size 100 mm × 100 mm on sand prepared at a relative density of 35%. Commercially available biaxial polypropylene geogrids with a tensile strength of 40 kN/m were used as reinforcement. The depth of the first reinforcement layer was fixed at U/B = 0.3, while the reinforcement spacing (S/B = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) and number of layers (N=2,3,4&5) were varied. Results show significant improvement in bearing capacity and settlement response due to reinforcement. Regression models validated through ANOVA showed good agreement with experimental results, confirming the effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement under static loading.
Numerous researchers [1] to [21] have carried out experimental investigations and analytical studies employing geosynthetic reinforcement materials to enhance the performance of soft soil foundations. Their work has demonstrated improvements in both foundation stability and structural integrity. Abdrabbo et al. [2] experimentally demonstrated that soil reinforcement significantly improves the bearing capacity of sand, with greater improvement observed in loose sand. They reported optimum reinforcement parameters of L/B = 3.0 and d/B = 0.30, and observed a punching-shear type failure mechanism. G. Madhavi Latha and Amit Somwanshi [11] conducted laboratory model footing tests and numerical analyses on square footings resting on geosynthetic-reinforced sand beds to evaluate the performance of different reinforcement forms. Their results indicated that geocell reinforcement is the most effective in improving bearing capacity and stress–displacement behavior, while randomly distributed geogrid mesh elements are less efficient compared to planar and geocell reinforcements.
Key Words:
Shallow foundations, Geogridreinforcement, Bearing capacity, Static loading, ANOVA, Regression analysis, Square Footing
1. INTRODUCTION Geogrid-reinforced soil foundations (GRSFs) have been widely adopted in geotechnical engineering applications such as bridge abutments, approach slabs, building foundations, and embankments due to their effectiveness in improving the performance of shallow foundations. Soil reinforcement enhances bearing capacity and reduces
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Asif Akbar et al.[4] studied the effectiveness of geocomposite reinforcement in layered soil systems as a sustainable solution for soft soils. They reported that geotextile–geogrid composite layers enhance soil confinement and shear strength, leading to 33.8–40.6 %
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