International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 06 | Jun 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Animal Intrusion Alert System for Smart Farming Anita A. J 1, Nisarga P. P 2, Vijayalaxmi H 3, Samrudhi V. K 4, R Sai Meghana 5 1 2 3 4 B.Tech 2nd Year, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
5 Junior Research Fellow, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Agriculture plays a vital role in ensuring food
large agricultural areas continuously is difficult, especially during nighttime.
security and supporting the economy. One of the major challenges faced by farmers is crop damage caused by wild and domestic animals entering agricultural fields. Traditional methods such as fencing, scarecrows, and manual monitoring often require significant effort and are not always effective. To address this issue, the Animal Intrusion Alert System for Smart Farming has been developed as an automated solution for detecting animal movement and providing immediate alerts to farmers. The proposed system uses a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor to detect motion within the monitored area. The detected signal is processed by the STM32 Blue Pill microcontroller, which acts as the central controller of the system. Whenever movement is detected, the system activates an LED indicator and a buzzer to generate visual and audible alerts. An ESP32 module is also incorporated to support future wireless communication and IoT-based monitoring applications. The system continuously monitors the agricultural environment and operates automatically without requiring constant human supervision. The proposed solution is cost-effective, reliable, and easy to implement. Experimental results demonstrate that the system successfully detects motion and generates timely alerts, helping farmers reduce crop losses and improve farm security. The project highlights the application of embedded systems and sensor technologies in modern smart farming and provides a foundation for future enhancements such as mobile notifications, cloud monitoring, and intelligent animal recognition.
Therefore, there is a growing need for an automated and intelligent system capable of detecting animal intrusion and alerting farmers immediately. Recent developments in embedded systems, sensors, and wireless communication technologies have enabled the implementation of smart farming solutions. These technologies help farmers automate monitoring processes and improve farm security. The Animal Intrusion Alert System for Smart Farming is designed to detect animal movement near agricultural fields and generate alerts using embedded hardware components. Animal intrusion into agricultural fields remains a major concern in rural farming communities. Farmers often suffer substantial crop losses due to the inability to detect intrusions at the right time. Existing protection methods require constant human supervision and may fail under adverse weather conditions or during nighttime operations. The main problem addressed in this project is the development of an automated system capable of detecting animal movement and generating immediate alerts. The system should operate continuously with minimal human intervention while providing reliable and timely notifications to prevent crop damage. The main objectives of the Animal Intrusion Alert System for Smart Farming are:
Key Words: Animal Intrusion Detection, Embedded Systems, ESP32, PIR Sensor, Smart Farming
1. To detect animal movement near agricultural fields using a PIR sensor. 2. To monitor farm boundaries continuously and automatically. 3. To process sensor signals using the STM32 Blue Pill microcontroller. 4. To generate visual alerts using LEDs when intrusion is detected. 5. To generate audible alerts using a buzzer for immediate farmer notification. 6. To enable future wireless communication through ESP32 integration.
1. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is one of the most important sectors supporting the economy and food production worldwide. Farmers invest significant effort and resources in cultivating crops to meet the growing demand for food. However, agricultural fields are frequently threatened by the intrusion of wild and domestic animals such as boars, monkeys, deer, elephants, and stray cattle. These animals often enter farms in search of food and water, causing severe damage to crops and resulting in considerable financial losses for farmers. Traditional methods used to protect crops include fencing, scarecrows, manual patrolling, and guard animals. While these methods provide some level of protection, they are often ineffective, labor-intensive, and costly. Monitoring
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The scope of this project includes the design and development of an embedded system capable of monitoring agricultural areas for animal intrusion. The system utilizes a PIR motion sensor to detect movement and an STM32 Blue
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