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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 12 Issue: 09 | Sep 2025

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e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Agricultural Drone for Smart Crop Monitoring and Precision Spraying Ms. Handge Anuja Shantaram[1], Ms. Khangal Payal Babaji[2], Mr. DhingeTanmay Manish[3], Mr. Sali Harsh Nilesh[4], Ms. P. S. Patil[5], Mr. N. R. Thakre[6], 1234Students of department of E&TC Engineering SNJB’s S.H.H.J.B Polytechnic, Chandwad, 5 Lecturer in E&TC Engineering SNJB’s S.H.H.J.B Polytechnic, Chandwad, 6HOD in E&TC Engineering SNJB’s S.H.H.J.B Polytechnic, Chandwad,

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------and reduce environmental impacts [3]. For instance, smart agricultural drones equipped with advanced sensors can help monitor crop health, optimise pesticide use, and reduce dependence on imported chemical inputs, which is crucial for maintaining the economic and environmental health of the region. The application of drone-captured attendance has been observed not only on land but also in fish water agriculture [4].

Abstract - Agriculture is one of the most essential sectors in sustaining the global economy, but it faces numerous challenges such as crop diseases, pest attacks, water scarcity, and the need for higher yields with limited resources. To overcome these problems, precision agriculture has emerged as a modern solution, leveraging advanced technologies like drones, IoT, and AI. This paper presents the design and development of an Agricultural Drone for Smart Crop Monitoring and Precision Spraying. The system uses drones equipped with cameras and sensors for real- time monitoring of crop health, soil conditions, and pest infestation. Precision spraying is carried out using automated nozzles, reducing excessive chemical use and ensuring uniform coverage. This approach enhances crop productivity, reduces costs, minimizes environmental impact, and supports sustainable farming practices.

Thus, this research aims to explore the application of a lowcost, autonomous UAV system tailored to the agricultural context in the Pacific region. It is important to note that the terms “drone”, “UAV”, and “quadrotor” are used interchangeably in this article and refer to the same category of aircraft. Firstly, the areas integrating IoT, object detection, edge computing, autonomous drones, and agricultural technology were studied to gain a comprehensive Key Words: Agricultural Drone[1], Precision Agriculture[2], understanding of the work carried out in these domains. Based on these reviewed works, a gap analysis was Smart Crop Monitoring[3], IoT[4], Precision Spraying[5]. performed, and the methodology was developed. The 1.INTRODUCTION autonomous UAV is designed to perform multiple functions: crop detection through image processing, targeted crop Agriculture today not only faces the challenge of feeding a spraying, and autonomous navigation. These functions are rapidly growing global population but also faces the intended to operate under the constraints of limited technical compounded pressures of climate change, environmental resources and the need for high adaptability in varied sustainability, and the need for technological integration. In geographical and climatic conditions. Pacific Island Countries (PICs), where between 50% and 70% of the population relies on agriculture and fishing for their livelihoods, these challenges are particularly acute [1]. The 1.1. LITERATURE SURVEY region’s vulnerability to climate-induced disasters such as rising sea levels and increased cyclone activity, compounded Over the last decade, the integration of unmanned aerial by economic shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic and vehicles (UAVs), Internet of Things (IOT), and precision global trade disruptions, underscores the urgent need for agriculture technologies has significantly transformed farming practices. Numerous studies and projects have demonstrated resilient food systems. the potential of drones in improving agricultural productivity, Recent disruptions have highlighted the fragility of PICs’ food pest management, irrigation, and real-time monitoring. The systems, heavily reliant on imports due to limited arable land following literature provides an in- depth review of relevant and the high cost of food imports, which strains already- works: limited resources. The pandemic and subsequent global crises have exacerbated these vulnerabilities, making the stable, reliable food supply a critical concern for these nations [2]. To counter these threats, there is a growing recognition of the potential of smart agricultural technologies. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices into agriculture offers promising solutions to enhance food security by enabling more precise farming practices that optimise resource use

Impact Factor value: 8.315

Zhang and Kovacs (2012) provided one of the earliest comprehensive studies on the role of UAVs in precision agriculture. They emphasized that small UAVs equipped with multispectral cameras can be used for vegetation indexing (NDVI) and disease detection. Their work revealed that drones could

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