International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 08 | Aug 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Advancements in Agricultural Residue Pelletization Technology, Autonomous Solar-Powered Farm Mechanization, and IoT-Driven Precision Resource Optimization: A Comprehensive Engineering Review Dr. Ramesh S Naik1, Prajwal VNegalur2, AvinashPawar3, Venkatesh Vshindhe4, Sangeeta Goudar5 1
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot-587102. Karnataka 2,3,4,5 Final Year Students, Mechanical Engineering Department, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot-587102. Karnataka --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------------------proposing a multi-objective engineering roadmap for scalable, Abstract-Global agriculture is confronted with the dual zero-emission smart agriculture. imperatives of fulfilling escalating food security demands for an anticipated population of 10 billion by 2050 while Keywords-Agricultural Residue Pelletization; Solid drastically mitigating anthropogenic environmental impacts, Biofuels; Solar Photovoltaic Farm Machinery; Precision greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and extreme fossil fuel Seed Metering; Finite Element Analysis (FEA); Internet dependency. In emerging agricultural economies, over 70% of of Things (IoT); Supervised Machine Learning; Closedthe rural populace depends on agronomic livelihoods, yet Loop Smart Irrigation conventional farm practices remain burdened by severe inefficiencies. These include high physical drudgery, 1. INTRODUCTION inconsistent manual broadcasting and dibbling resulting in low seed emergence (<70%), excessive operational Agriculture represents the fundamental cornerstone of expenditure, extensive water wastage via unmonitored flood socio-economic stability and food security across the globe, irrigation (which consumes up especially in developing economies where more than 70% to to80%offreshwaterresources),and massive post-harvest 75% of the rural population directly derives subsistence and biomass burning of agricultural residues. This comprehensive employment from agrarian activities [1, 2]. With global engineering review synthesizes the paradigm shift toward demographics projected to surpass 10 billion individuals by sustainable agro-industrial ecosystems by critically the mid-21st century, agricultural output must expand by an investigating three interdependent technological domains: (1) estimated 70%to double current production levels to stave Thermo-mechanical densification and pelletization off severe food shortages and malnutrition [8, 10]. However, technologies for agricultural residues (paddy straw, wheat conventional farming methodologies are fundamentally illstraw, cotton stalks, and Stover) into standardized solid bio equipped to sustain such escalating demand without causing fuels with bulk densities exceeding 650–700 kg/m³ and severe environmental degradation and rapid resource calorific values of 17.5–18.5 MJ/kg; (2) Autonomous and semidepletion [9]. automated solar-photovoltaic multi-crop seeding mechanisms engineered with high-torque DC drives, rotary shear cutters, calibrated frustum metering discs, and finite element method (FEM)-optimized structural chassis; and (3) Closed-loop Internet of Things (IoT) architectures integrated with supervised machine learning algorithms (Random Forest achieving 99.8% classification accuracy with 0.16 MSE, Naïve Bayes, SVM, and Logistic Regression) and cloud predictive analytics (ThingSpeak/Blynk) for variable-rate microirrigation and remote agronomic control. We rigorously analyze mathematical kinematic models of power transmission, shear stress distributions during furrow opening, machine learning predictive pipelines, and life-cycle technoeconomic feasibility. Finally, the review identifies critical research gaps in thermal control, edge-AI deployment, multiresidue binder rheology ,and real-time field navigation, FIG:1.1
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