International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Two-Level Framework of Internetworking Bluetooth Scatternets with Internet Chorng-Horng Yang1, Chun-Chieh Ling2 1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Information Management, I-Shou University, Taiwan R.O.C. 2 Graduate Student, Dept. of Information Management, I-Shou University, Taiwan R.O.C.
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Abstract - Bluetooth is a low-cost, short-range wireless
tree topology, the data packet can be transmitted quickly through the scatternet, because the average routing length is shorter than those of other topologies. For ring topology, the bottleneck problem, which the root node in a scatternet may suffer from traffic jam, can be alleviated. Besides, mobile devices that move in a Bluetooth network can be characterized by either low mobility or high mobility. To deal with the device mobility, the efficient handoff procedure is required, so that the devices can connect to the different access points as soon as possible when they move in a scatternet.
technology. Since Bluetooth devices may move around in the Scatternet, the access points and gateways are required for the devices to access the Internet. First, this paper investigates the features of the infrastructures that interconnect Bluetooth scatternet and Internet. Though some frameworks of internetworking Bluetooth scatternet and Internet were proposed. The framework for the largescale network is not yet investigated. Thus, a two-level infrastructure that consists of the core network and the access network is proposed in this paper. And several possible structures for the core network are investigated. These structures include single-star, multi-star, tree, master/slave ring (MSR), slave/slave ring (even/odd) (SSRe and SSRo). The future study may include the performance evaluation of the framework with various structures. Key Words: Internet.
For internetworking Bluetooth scatternet with Internet, the Bluetooth gateway is employed. So, the piconet and the scatternet can connect to the Internet to access versatile services. When one mobile host enters the area of a scatternet, the device could quickly connect to the access point (AP) in the vicinity and transmit data packets to the Internet. Therefore, how to establish a scatternet in which a Bluetooth device can efficiently connect to the AP and maintain the connection to Internet is becoming a crucial issue. In the literature, a lot of scatternet formation approaches for Bluetooth networks were proposed, but a few works discuss the mobile Bluetooth devices access to Internet via scatternet. In [3], an approach of forming a scatternet as a tree topology and connecting all APs to a central access point (CAP) server for Internet access was proposed. Moreover, to extend the coverage of Bluetooth, the Bluetooth Wireless Gateways (BWGs) [4], which manage the wireless local area network (WLAN) and Bluetooth interface in a BlueStar architecture, is employed to interconnect Bluetooth networks to WLANs. Besides, BLUEtooth Public ACess (BLUEPAC) [5] makes use of the Mobile IP and Cellar IP for mobile Bluetooth devices to access Internet services.
Bluetooth, Framework, Scatternet,
1.INTRODUCTION Bluetooth is a low-cost, short-range wireless technology, which can be employed for realizing Personal Area Network (PAN). It operates in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4GHz and adopts Frequency Hopping (FH) to avoid radio interference [1]. For Bluetooth technology, the ISM band is divided into 79 channels, the bandwidth of each channel is 1 MHz. The hopping rate of a Bluetooth device is 1600 hops/sec. In addition, it adopts Time Division Duplex (TDD) technology for data transmission. The length of a time slot for TDD technique is 625 s and the length of a data packet may be 1, 3, or 5 time slot(s). The basic topology of the Bluetooth network is piconet. When two Bluetooth devices come into each other’s communication range, one Bluetooth device can act as master and the other acts as a slave. Thus, the single-hop network, which is called a piconet, is formed. A piconet contains one master device and up to seven active slave devices. Moreover, two or more piconets use the bridge node to interconnect with each other to form a larger Bluetooth network called Scatternet. The scatternet has different types of topologies [2], such as mesh, tree, ring, etc. The scatternet of mesh topology can be optimized to support less routing and traffic transmission time. For a
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In this paper, a variety of frameworks for internetworking Bluetooth scatternet with Internet were studied. Furthermore, this paper proposes an efficient framework that makes use of less APs and improves service accessibility. The proposed framework consists of two levels. The first level is a core network, which is composed of the Base Station Bridge (BSB), the Base Station Leader (BSL) and the Base Station Controller (BSC). The second level is the access network, which consists of APs. The AP receives data packets from the mobile host and forwards them to BSC through BSB and BSL. Moreover,
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