International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 01 | Jan 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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A review on Various parameters for assessment of drinking water quality Miss. Ratika R. Jangamwar1, Prof. Anurag Gahalod2 1Student, Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering, G.H. Raisoni University Amravati, India
2Professor, Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering, G.H. Raisoni University Amravati, India
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Abstract - The quality of drinking water is a critical factor for public health and environmental sustainability. This research focuses on the comprehensive assessment of drinking water quality using various physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Physical tests, including color, temperature, and pH, provide fundamental insights into the water's appearance and acidity/alkalinity, serving as preliminary indicators of quality. Chemical tests, such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), evaluate the presence of dissolved ions, the water's conductivity, and the concentration of organic and inorganic pollutants. Additionally, biological tests, specifically Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), measure the oxygen required for microbial degradation of organic matter, indicating the biological contamination level. By integrating these parameters, this study aims to give test procedure, description, significance and measurement for the drinking water quality assessment. Key Words: Drinking water distribution system, Chlorination, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Dissolved Solids, Intermittent water supply.
1. INTRODUCTION In many countries, poorly located latrines and septic tanks are a significant source of water contamination, particularly affecting wells. Local industries also contribute to water pollution, especially when chemicals are handled or disposed of improperly. Nutrient run-off or leaching into slow-moving or stagnant surface waters can lead to excessive growth of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Many species of cyanobacteria produce nuisance chemicals that affect water taste, odor, and treatment processes. More concerning is their ability to produce toxins, which pose serious health risks, especially when water treatment is minimal or inadequate.
pollutants entering the system. Additionally, diffusion through plastic pipes is possible, such as when spilled oil seeps into surrounding soil, leading to taste and odor issues. Plumbing materials in consumer premises, like lead or copper, can also leach into the water, while improper connections may result in back-flow contamination. These contaminants can be chemical or microbiological in nature. Public water supply treatment systems employ multiple barriers in a "treatment train" designed to meet specific supply needs and address the vulnerability of the source. Common processes include coagulation, flocculation, filtration, and oxidation. Chlorine is the most widely used oxidative disinfectant, offering an effective barrier against pathogens while leaving a measurable residual that indicates proper disinfection and acts as a preservative in the distribution system.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW The role of public water suppliers in identifying and monitoring drinking water contaminants in selected developed countries was presented as a potential guideline for developing countries. This paper review emphasised the need for a comprehensive understanding of water quality and its impacts on human health to ensure access to clean drinking water worldwide [1]. The parameters of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Sulphate (SO4), Iron (Fe), Nitrate (NO3), Chloride (Cl), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), and Sodium (Na) were analyzed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality, which is quite useful to infer the quality of water for the people and policy makers in the concerned area [2].
Improper water treatment can also introduce contaminants. For instance, residues of chemicals used during treatment may persist, causing sediment accumulation in water pipes. Contamination can occur during water distribution due to materials like iron, which can corrode and release iron oxides, or from external
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