International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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A REVIEW OF SEISMIC STUDY OF THE RC FRAME STRUCTURE BY USING THE PUSHOVER ANALYSIS WITH NON-LINEAR STATIC METHOD Mohammad Akhloq1, Mr. Ushendra Kumar2 1Master of Technology, Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
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Abstract - Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures
collapse, during strong ground motion. Brittle failure caused by inadequate reinforcement detailing, soft story effect where lower floors deform excessively in the absence of stiffness, shear failure in columns and beams resulting in sudden collapse, and insufficient ductility resulting in failure before the structure can dissipate a great amount of energy are key vulnerabilities. It is important to recognize these vulnerabilities for the design of earthquake resistant structures and for increasing the seismic resilience of existing structures by retrofitting.
provide an important group to be evaluated for seismic performance. The aim of this paper is to review the use of the pushover analysis based on the nonlinear static method for the structural behavior of RC frames submitted to seismic loading. In this topic, the pushover analysis is an efficient method to predict the inelastic performance of structures by applying incrementally increasing lateral forces until a target displacement is met. The modeling techniques, material non-linearity considerations and the input of plastic hinge formation in defining the structural failure mechanism are presented. The paper also reviews different performance levels, capacity curves and the limitations of pushover analysis in being able to capture complex dynamic effects. Advantages and shortcomings of this strategy are furnished by a contrast examination of earlier inquire about thinks about. It is concluded that in addition to its application to analyze the probable failure patterns and ultimate capacity of RC frame structures, which are valuable predictions, pushovers need to be supplemented with methods of dynamic analysis for the seismic evaluation. This review helps improve the understanding of practical applications and refinements in the analysis of structures having non-linearities for static analysis leading to more resilient structures dealing with seismic hazards by engineers.
1.2 Importance of Seismic Assessment for Structural Safety Evaluation of the safety and performance of a structure under earthquakes through seismic assessment is essential. Seismic assessment main objectives for ensuring life safety by avoiding structural failures which could lead to casualties; maintaining function of the critical infrastructures such as hospitals, bridges, emergency response centers; reduce economic losses, avoiding severe structural damages and expensive repair; comply with seismic code and regulation. Traditionally, the seismic assessment methodologies like the elastic static and dynamic analyses are quite incapable of capturing the inelastic behavior of structures. Accordingly, sophisticated methods such as non linear static and dynamic analyses are necessary for knowing how a structure will response to extreme seismic forces.
Key Words: Seismic analysis, RC frame structures, Pushover analysis, Non-linear static method, Structural performance.
1.3 Introduction to Pushover Analysis as a NonLinear Static Method
1. INTRODUCTION
RC frame structures are often evaluated using methods of pushover analysis. It is a static nonlinear structure capacity estimation technique where gradually increasing lateral loads are applied to overcome the structure until a target displacement is reached. The point of interest differed from linear elastic methods in that, unlike linear elastic methods, pushover analysis is able to account for material and geometric nonlinearity, giving the more realistic representation of the inelastic behavior of the structure. A pushover analysis is an incremental loading approach that simulates the structure’s progressive response under seismic forces, creates plastic hinges for identification of potential failure points, develops a capacity curve (base shear vs displacement) to evaluate
1.1 Overview of Seismic Vulnerability in RC Frame Structures The reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures are often adopted in buildings such as residential, commercial, and industrial due to the construction cost-effectiveness, good strength, and durability. But their performance under seismic events is of utmost concern particularly in regions prone to earthquakes. Factors such as poor detailing, lack of ductility, substandard construction practices, old infrastructure and noncompliance with up to date seismic codes have caused RC frame structures to become seismically vulnerable. These structures can sustain substantial damage, i.e. from minor cracking to total
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