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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 02 | Feb 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

“SYNTHESIS OF AN HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND 2- AMINO THIAZOLE”

Dr. P.D. GOKULAN*1, Dr. K.L. SENTHIL KUMAR*2 , M. ABIRAMI*3, M. ABISHEK*4, M. AKILA*5

1Professor, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India.

2Principal, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India. 3, 4, 5B. Pharm Students, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India.

ABSTRACT- Heterocyclic compounds are very important in pharmaceutical chemistry, and thiazole derivatives are the most important of these. This dissertation presents a straightforward and dependable undergraduate methodology for synthesizing 2aminothiazole within a regulated laboratory environment. We closely monitored the product's formation, fine-tuned the most important reaction conditions, and then quickly isolated and purified it. We used IR spectroscopy and physical constants to find out what the compound we made was and how pure it was. This study concentrates on the practical aspects of synthesizing heterocycles and establishes a foundation for further research and development of thiazole-derived applications. This method is a simple, cheap, and reliable way to make 2-aminothiazole. This means that it can be used in both labs and factories.

Key words: 2-Aminothiazole: Heterocyclic compound: Chemical synthesis: procedural method: IR Spectroscopy.

I. INTRODUCTION

Thiazole is a heterocyclic compound that has both a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom in an aromatic five-membered ring. Mostofthetime,2-aminothiazoleanditsderivativesaremadebyreactingwithα-halogenocarbonylcompounds.Thiazolesare averyimportantgroupofnaturalandman-madesubstances[1].Thiazolederivativeshavealotofdifferentbiologicaleffects, including being cardiotonic [2], fungicidal, sedative [3], anesthetic, bactericidal [4], and anti-inflammatory. Famotidine is a drug that is sold to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux. It has two thiazole nuclei. Thiazole derivatives are recognizedfortheirsignificantantitumorandcytotoxiceffects,withmanyderivativesengineeredtotargetspecific pathways. This thiazole compound is an example of one that has been tested in clinical trials and used to treat cancer [5]. Heterocyclic compoundsareabiggroupoforganiccompoundsinwhichoneormoreatomsintheringarenotcarbon,likenitrogen,sulfur, oroxygen.Thesecompoundsareveryimportantinorganicandpharmaceuticalchemistrybecausetheyhavealotofbiological activities and are found in many natural and synthetic drugs. Thiazole and its derivatives are some of the most interesting heterocyclic systems because of their important chemical and pharmacological properties. Thiazole is a five-membered ring madeupofsulfurandnitrogenatomsthatarenotthesametype.Compoundswiththethiazolenucleushavea widerangeof biological effects, such as being antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. 2-aminothiazole is one of these importantderivatives.Itisausefulintermediateinthemakingofmanydrugsandbiologicallyactivemolecules.TheHantzsch thiazolemethodisthemostcommonwaytomake2-aminothiazole.Itinvolvescombiningα-haloketoneswiththioureainthe right conditions. This method is preferred because it is easy to use, works well, and is good for making things in the lab. By changing the conditions of the reaction, you can get good yields and high purity of the product you want. This study concentratesonthesynthesisof2-aminothiazoleemployingastraightforwardandeffectiveundergraduate-levelmethodology. The focus is on optimizing reaction conditions, isolating and purifying the product, and characterizing the synthesized compoundthroughphysicalpropertiesandinfraredspectroscopy.Thisworkaimstoprovidepracticalexposuretoheterocyclic synthesiswhilehighlightingtheimportanceofthiazolederivativesinpharmaceuticalchemistry.

FIG 1: structureof2-Aminothiazole

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 02 | Feb 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

II. SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-THIAZOLE-2-AMINE:

i. CHEMICAL AND REAGENT:

Thiourea:7.6g

Chloroacetaldehyde:10ml

Ethanol/water:25ml

NaHCO₃:5ml

Ethylacetate:30ml

ii. EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENT:

MagneticstirrerpHmeter

Heatingmantle

Conicalflask

Beaker

III. SCHEME:

FIG 2: Schemeofthereaction

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 02 | Feb 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IV. PROCEDURE:

In the preparation of 1,3-thiazole-2-amine (2-aminothiazole), an accurately weighed amount of thiourea (7.6 g) was first dissolved in 25 mL of a 1:1 (v/v) ethanol–water solvent mixture in a conical flask. To this solution, 10 mL of chloroacetaldehyde was added slowly in a dropwise manner with constant stirring to ensure uniform mixing. The reaction mixture was then heated under reflux at a temperature of 70–80 °C for 2–3 hours with continuous agitation to promote cyclization and completion of the reaction. After reflux, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and was gradually neutralized using sodium bicarbonate until a pH of 8–9 was attained, which facilitated the liberation of the amine product.Thereactionmixturewasthenextractedwith30mLofethylacetate,andtheorganiclayerwasseparatedanddried overanhydroussodiumsulfate.Finally,thedriedextractwaspurifiedbyrecrystallizationfrom10mLofethanol,yieldingpure 2-aminothiazole.

V. IR SPECTROSCOPY:

4: FT-IR Spectroscopy of 1,3-thiazol-2-amine with peak lines

GRAPH 1

FIG 3: FT-IR Spectroscopy of 1,3-thiazol-2-amine

GRAPH 2

FIG

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 02 | Feb 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

VI. RESULT:

TheIRspectraofthecompoundthatwasmadewererecorded,andthecharacteristicabsorptionbandswereseenintheareas that matched the different functional groups. Absorption bands were seen in Figure 06 at the following wavelengths: 3400–3300cm⁻¹,2920–2850cm⁻¹,1650–1600cm⁻¹,1500–1450cm⁻¹,1350–1300cm⁻¹,1200–1050cm⁻¹,and900–700cm⁻¹.

Figure 07 also had characteristic absorption bands at about 3380 cm⁻¹, 3050 cm⁻¹, 2925 cm⁻¹, 1635 cm⁻¹, 1530 cm⁻¹, 1380 cm⁻¹,1120cm⁻¹,and760–680cm⁻¹

These absorption peaks show that the compound has N–H, aromatic C–H, aliphatic C–H, C=N, C–N, and aromatic ring vibrations.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2 Structure

S. No Wavenumber (cm⁻¹) Intensity Functional Group / Assignment

1 ~3400–3300 Weak–Broad O–H/N–Hstretching

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

2 ~2920–2850

3 ~1650–1600

4 ~1500–1450

5 ~1350–1300

6 ~1200–1050

7 ~900–700

Weak C–Hstretching(aliphatic)

Medium C=C/C=Nstretching

Medium AromaticC=Cstretching

Medium C–Nstretching

Strong C–O/C–Nstretching

Strong AromaticC–Hbending

S. No Wavenumber (cm⁻¹) Intensity

Functional Group / Assignment

1 ~3380 Weak N–Hstretching

2 ~3050 Weak AromaticC–Hstretching

3 ~2925 Weak AliphaticC–Hstretching

4 ~1635 Medium C=Nstretching

5 ~1530 Medium Aromaticringvibration

6 ~1380 Medium C–Nstretching

7 ~1120 Strong C–N/C–Ostretching

8 ~760–680 Strong AromaticC–Hout-of-planebending

VII. DISCUSSION

TheabsorptionbandseeninFigure06at3400–3300cm⁻¹andinFigure07at~3380cm⁻¹isduetoN–Hstretchingvibrations, whichmeansthattherearenitrogen-containingfunctionalgroupspresent.Theweakbandsbetween2920and2850cm⁻¹and around 2925 cm⁻¹ are caused by aliphatic C–H stretching. The band near 3050 cm⁻¹ shows that aromatic C–H stretching is goingon.

The medium-intensity absorption bands at ~1635 cm⁻¹ and in the range of 1650–1600 cm⁻¹ are due to C=N stretching vibrations, which suggest that the structure is either heterocyclic or unsaturated. The bands seen between 1500 and 1450 cm⁻¹andaround1530cm⁻¹areduetoaromaticC=Cvibrations,whichprovesthatthecompoundisaromatic. The C–N stretching vibrations cause the absorption peaks around 1350–1300 cm⁻¹ and ~1380 cm⁻¹. The strong bands between1200and1050cm⁻¹and~1120cm⁻¹arecausedbyC–NorC–Ostretchingvibrations.Thestrongabsorptionbands between900and700cm⁻¹and760and680cm⁻¹areduetoaromaticC–Hout-of-planebendingvibrations. Overall,theIRspectralfeaturesthatwereseenmatchupwiththeexpectedfunctionalgroupsofthecompoundthatwasmade. TheIRspectraldatashowthatthecompoundwasmadecorrectlyandthatitsstructureisstillintact.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 13 Issue: 02 | Feb 2026 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

VIII. CONCLUSION:

Thetraditionalcyclizationmethodusedathioamideandanα-haloketonetomake2-aminothiazole,animportantheterocyclic molecule.Itwaseasy,fast,andveryreproducibletomakethingsinalabusingthismethod.Thereactionhappenedina mild way, and the product that was needed was made with good purity and a good yield. Recrystallization was used to purify the chemical that was made, and then it was characterized using standard analytical methods. Infrared spectroscopy was very usefulforconfirmingthemolecularstructureofthecompound.Thefactthattherewereclearabsorptionbandsfortheamino group,thiazolering,andotherimportantfunctionalgroupsshowedthat2-aminothiazolewasmadecorrectly.TheIRspectrum datathatwasrecordedmatchedupwellwithwhatotherresearchershavefound.

REFERENCE

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2. Mohammed A AL-Omair, Abdelwahed R Sayed, Magdy M Youssef (2018) "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bisthiazoles and Polythiazoles,” Molecules, 23:11-33. polythiazoles", 301 ©2009-2020, JGPT. All Rights Reserved ZainabMuhsinBdaiwi&HasanThamer Ghanem|JournalofGlobalPharmaTechnology| 2020|Vol.12|Issue06| 291-303

3. Raghav Mishra, Pramod Kumar, Prabhakar K. Verma, Prashant K. Dhakad (2017) "Biological Potential of Thiazol DerivativesofSyntheticOrigin"J.ofHeterocyclicChemistry",54:2103-2116.

4. Konstantinos Liaras, Maria Fesatidou, and Athina Geronikaki (2018) "Thiazoles and thiazolidinones as COX-LOX Inhibitors,”"Molecules,”23(685):1-21.

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