Florentin Smarandache, Surapati Pramanik (Editors)
TODIM Method for Group Decision Making under Bipolar Neutrosophic Set Environment Surapati Pramanik1*, Shyamal Dalapati2, Shariful Alam3, Tapan Kumar Roy4 1
Department of Mathematics, Nandalal Ghosh B.T. College, Panpur, P.O.-Narayanpur, District –North 24 Parganas, Pin code-743126, West Bengal, India. 1*E-mail: sura_pati@yahoo.co.in 2 Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O.-Botanic Garden, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India. E-mail: dalapatishyamal30@gmail.com 3
Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O.-Botanic Garden, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India. E-mail: salam50in@yahoo.co.in
4
Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O.-Botanic Garden, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India. E-mail: roy_t_k@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT Classical TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for Interactive Multi criteria Decision Making) method works on crisp numbers to solve multi-attribute group decision making problems. In this paper, we define TODIM method in bipolar neutrosophic set environment to handle multi-attribute group decision making problems, which means we combine the TODIM with bipolar neutrosophic number to deal with multiattribute group decision making problems. We have proposed a new method for solving multi-attribute group decision making problems. Finally, we solve multi-attribute group decision making problem using our newly proposed TODIM method to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed
method. Keywords: Bipolar neutrosophic sets, TODIM method, Multi attribute group decision making. 1. INTRODUCTION There exist many decision making methods (Triantaphyllou, 2000; Hwang & Yoon, 1981; Shanian & Savadogo, 2009; Chan & Tong, 2007; Rao & Davim, 2008; Gomes & Lima, 1992) in the literature to deal with multi attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems which are frequently meet in many fields such as politics, economy, military, etc. In classical methods for MAGDM attribute values are assumed as crisp numbers. In realistic decision making problem uncertainty involves due to the complexity of the problem. So crisp numbers are not sufficient to characterize attribute values. To handle this type of difficulties, Zadeh (1965) introduced the concept of fuzzy set by defining membership function. Atanassov (1986) incorporated nonmembership function as independent component and defined intuitionistic fuzzy set to deal with uncertainty. Intuitionistic fuzzy set has been rapidly applied to many MADM fields (Gumus et al., 2016; Mondal & Pramanik, 2014c; Mondal & Pramanik, 2015a; Dey et al., 2015; Pramanik & Mukhopadhyaya, 2011; Xu, 2007; Xu &Yager, 2008; Atanassov et al., 2005; Wei, 2010).
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Smarandache (1998) introduced the notion of neutrosophic set by incorporating indeterminacy as independent component to intuitionistic fuzzy set. For dealing with the imperfection knowledge received from real world decision making problems, Wang et al. (2010) defined single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS), which is an instance of neutrosophic set. Neutrosophic sets and SVNSs are essential topics for research in different route of research such as conflict resolution (Pramanik & Roy, 2014), clustering analysis (Ye, 2014a, 2014b), decision making (Biswas et al., 2014a, 2014b, 2015a, 2015b, 2016a, 2016b; Deli & Subas, 2016; Ji, Wang et al., 2016; Kharal, 2014; Pramanik, Banerjee et el., 2016; Pramanik, Dalapati et al., 2016; Ye, 2013a, 2013b, 2014c, 2014d, 2015a, 2015b, 2017), educational problem (Mondal & Pramanik 2014b, 2015b), medical diagnosis (Ye, 2015c), optimization (Pramanik, 2016a, 2016b; Roy & Das, 2015), social problem (Mondal & Pramanik, 2014a; Pramanik & Chakrabarti, 2013), and so on. Deli et al. (2015) defined bipolar neutrosophic sets and applied it to MCDM problems. Pramanik and Mondal (2016) defined bipolar rough neutrosophic set. Dey et al. (2016) defined TOPSIS for solving MADM problems under bipolar neutrosophic set environment. Firstly, Gomes and Lima (1992) introduced TODIM method on the basis of the prospect theory (Kahneman &Tversky, 1979). Krohling & De Souza (2012) developed a generalized version of TODIM called fuzzy TODIM to deal with fuzzy information. Researchers presented fuzzy TODIM methods in varied fuzzy MADM or MAGDM problems (Liu & Teng, 2014; Tosun & Akyu, 2015; Gomes et al., 2013). Fan et al. (2013) extended TODIM method to deal with the hybrid MADM problems where attribute values are crisp numbers, interval numbers and fuzzy information. Krohling et al. (2013) studied intuitionistic fuzzy TODIM for MCDM problems. Lourenzutti & Krohling (2013) proposed intuitionistic fuzzy random TODIM method which deals intuitionistic fuzzy information and an underlying random vector that affects the performance of the alternatives. Krohling, R. A., & Pacheco proposed interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy TODIM to tackle MCDM problems involving uncertainty characterized by interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Wang (2015) extended TODIM method for MCDM in multi-valued neutrosophic set environment. Ji, Zhang et al. (2016) define projection based TODIM method under multi-valued neutrosophic environment and applied it to personal selection. Zhang et al. (2016) proposed TODIM method for group decision making in neutrosophic environment using neutrosophic numbers (Smarandache, 1998) in the form a + bI, where ‘a’ denotes real part and ‘bI’ denotes indeterminate part. Bipolar neutrosophic numbers are more suitable to deal with the uncertain information and the TODIM is a good decision making method based on prospect theory. Our objective is to propose an extended TODIM method to deal with multi-criteria group decision making problems in which the evaluation information is expressed by bipolar neutrosophic numbers. Literature review suggests that TODIM method in bipolar neutrosophic set is yet to appear. To fill the gap, we develop a novel TODIM method for MAGDM in bipolar neutrosophic environment. A numerical example of MAGDM problem in bipolar neutrosophic set environment is solved to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Rest of the paper is presented as follows: Section 2 recalls some basic definitions of neutrosophic sets, single valued neutrosophic sets, bipolar neutrosophic set. Section 3 develops a novel MAGDM method based on TODIM method in bipolar neutrosophic set environment. Section 4 solves an illustrative example of MAGDM based on proposed TODIM method in bipolar neutrosophic environment. Finally, section 5 presents concluding remarks and future scope of research. 2. PRELIMINARIES In this section we recall some basic definitions related to neutrosophic sets, bipolar neutrosophic sets and TODIM method. Definition 2.1: Neutrosophic Set (Smarandache, 1998) Let U be a space of points (objects), with a generic element in U denoted by u. A neutrosophic sets A in U is characterized by a truth-membership function A ( u ) , an indeterminacymembership function A ( u ) and a falsity-membership function A ( u ) , where, A ( u ) , A ( u ) , A ( u ) : U ] 0,1 [ . Neutrosophic set A can be written as: A = {< u, ( A ( u ) , A ( u ) , A ( u ) ) >: u ∈U, A ( u ) , A ( u ) , A ( u ) ∈ ] 0,1 [ }. There is no restriction on the sum of A ( u ) , A ( u ) , A ( u ) so 0 ≤ A ( u ) + A ( u ) + A ( u ) ≤ 3 . Definition 2.2: Single Valued Neutrosophic Set (Wang et al., 2010) Let U be a space of points (objects) with a generic element in U denoted by u. A single valued neutrosophic set H in U is characterized by a truth-membership function H ( u ) , an indeterminacy-membership function H ( u ) and a falsity-membership function H ( u ) , where, H ( u ) , H ( u ) , H ( u ) : U [ 0, 1] . A single valued neutrosophic set H can be expressed by H = {<u, ( H ( u ) , H ( u ) , H ( u ) )>, u U}. Therefore for each u U, H ( u ) , H ( u ) , H ( u ) [0, 1] the sum of three functions lies between 0 and 1, i.e. 0 H ( u ) + H ( u ) + H ( u ) 3. Definition 2.3: Bipolar Neutrosophic Set (Deli et al., 2015) Let U be a space of points (objects) with a generic element in U denoted by u. A bipolar neutrosophic set B in U is defined as an object of the form B { u, (u), (u), (u), (u), (u), (u) : uU} , where, (u), (u), (u) : U [0,1] and (u), (u), (u) : U [1, 0] .
We denote B { u, (u), (u), (u), (u), (u), (u) : uU} simply b = , , , , , as a bipolar neutrosophic number (BNN). Definition 2.4: Containment of Two Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets (Deli et al., 2015) Let B1 { u, 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u) : uU} and B2 { u, 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u) : uU} be any two bipolar neutrosophic sets in U. Then B1 B2 iff 1 (u) 2 (u) , 1 (u ) 2 (u ) , 1 (u ) 2 (u ) and 1 (u) 2 (u) , 1 ( u ) 2 ( u ) , 1 ( u ) 2 ( u ) for all u U.
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Definition 2.5: Equality of Two Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets (Deli et al., 2015) Let B1 { u, 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u) : uU} and B2 { u, 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u) : uU} be any two bipolar neutrosophic sets in U. Then, B1 B2 iff 1 (u) 2 (u) , 1 (u ) 2 (u ) , 1 (u ) 2 (u ) and 1 (u) 2 (u) , 1 (u ) 2 (u ) , 1 ( u ) 2 ( u ) for all u U. Definition 2.6: Union of Two Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets (Deli et al., 2015) Let B1 { u, 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u) : uU} and B2 { u, 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u) : uU} be any two bipolar neutrosophic sets in U. Then, their union is defined as B3 (u) B1 (u) B2 (u) { u, max (1 (u), 2 (u)) , max (1 (u), 2 (u)), min (1 (u), 2 (u)),
min (1 (u), 2 (u)), min (1 (u), 2 (u)), max (1 (u), 2 (u)) : uU}, for all uU. Definition 2.7: Intersection of Two Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets (Deli et al., 2015) Let B1 { u, 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u) : uU} and B2 { u, 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u), 2 (u) : uU} be
any two bipolar neutrosophic sets in U.
Then, their intersection is defined as B4 (u) B1 (u) B2 (u) { u, min (1 (u), 2 (u)) , min (1 (u), 2 (u)), max (1 (u), 2 (u)),
max (1 (u), 2 (u)), max (1 (u), 2 (u)), min (1 (u), 2 (u)) : uU}for all uU. Definition 2.8: Compliment of a Bipolar Neutrosophic Set (Deli et al., 2015) Let B1 { u, 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u), 1 (u) : uU} be a bipolar neutrosophic set in U. Then the compliment of B1 is denoted by B1c and is defined by B1c { u,1 1 (u),1 1 (u),1 1 (u),{1} 1 (u),{1} 1 (u),{1} 1 (u) : uU} for all u U.
Definition 2.9: Score function of a BNN (Deli et al., 2015) The score function of a bipolar neutrosophic number b = , , , , , is denoted by Sc (b) and is defined by Sc (b)
( 1 1 1 ) . 6
(1).
Definition 2.10: Accuracy function of a BNN (Deli et al., 2015) The accuracy function of a bipolar neutrosophic number b = , , , , , is denoted by Ac (b) and is defined by (2). Ac (b) . Definition 2.11: Certainty function of a BNN (Deli et al., 2015) The certainty function of a bipolar neutrosophic number b = , , , , , is denoted by C(b) and is defined by C(b) = (3).
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Definition 2.12: Comparison procedure of two BNNs (Deli et al., 2015) Let b1 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 and b 2 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 be any two bipolar neutrosophic numbers in U. The comparison procedure is stated as follows: 1. If Sc (b1 ) Sc (b 2 ) , then b1 is greater than b2, denoted by b1 > b2. 2. If Sc (b1 ) Sc (b 2 ) and Ac (b1 ) Ac (b 2 ) , then b1 is greater than b2, denoted by b1 > b2. 3. If Sc (b1 ) Sc (b 2 ) , Ac (b1 ) Ac (b 2 ) and C (b1 ) C (b 2 ) , then b1 is greater than b2, denoted by b1 > b2. 4. If Sc(b ) = Sc(b ), Ac (b ) = Ac (b )and C (b1 ) C (b 2 ) , then b1 is equal to b2, denoted by b1 = b2. Definition 2.13: Distance measure between two BNNs Let b1 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 and b 2 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 be any two bipolar neutrosophic numbers in U. Distance measure between b1 and b2 is denoted by d H (b1 , b 2 ) and defined as 1 d H (b1 , b 2 ) [ 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ] 6
(4)
Definition 2.14: Procedure of normalization Assume that b ij be a BNN to assess i-th alternative with regarding to j-th criterion. A criterion may be benefit type or cost type. To normalize the BNN b ij , we use the following formula.
b*ij {1} ij , {1} ij , {1} ij , {1} ij , {1} ij , {1} ij
(5)
3. TODIM METHOD FOR SOLVING MAGDM PROBLEM UNDER BIPOLAR NEUTROSOPHIC ENVIRONMENT In this section, we propose a MAGDM method under bipolar neutrosophic environment. Assume that P {p , p , p ,..., p } be a set of r alternatives and C {c , c , c , ..., c } be a set of s criteria. Assume that W {w , w , w , ..., w } be the weight vector of the criteria, where w k > 0 and 1
2
3
r
1
1
2
3
2
3
s
s
s
w k 1 . Let D {D1 , D 2 , D 3 , ..., D t } be the set of t decision makers and {1 , 2 , 3 , ..., t } be
k 1
t
the set of weight vector of decision makers, where 1 > 0 and L 1 . L1
In the following sub section, we describe the TODIM based MAGDM method under bipolar neutrosophic set environment. The proposed method is described using the following steps: Step1- Construction of the decision matrix Assume that ML = (bijL) r s (L = 1, 2, 3, …, t) be the L-th decision matrix, where information about the alternative pi provided by the decision maker DL with respect to attribute c j (j = 1, 2, 3, …, s). The L-th decision matrix denoted by ML (see Equation 6) is constructed as follows:
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p L M 1 p2 . p r
c1 b11L b L21 . b Lr1
c 2 ... b12L ... b L22 ... . b rL2 ...
cs b1Ls b 2Ls L .b rs
(6)
where L = 1, 2, 3,…, t; i = 1, 2, 3,…, r; j = 1, 2, 3,…, s. Step 2-Normalization of the decision matrix In decision making situation cost criteria and benefit criteria play an important role to choose the best alternative. Cost criteria and benefit criteria exist together, so the decision matrix needs to be normalized. We use Equation 5 to normalize the cost criteria. Benefit criteria need not be normalized. Using Equation 5 the normalize decision matrix (see Equation 6) is represented below (see Equation 7).
p1 L M p2 . pr
c ~ 1L b11 ~L b 21 . ~L b r1
c ... ~ L2 b ... ~12L b 22 ... . ~L b r 2 ...
c ~sL b ~1Ls b2s ~ .b rsL
(7)
Here L = 1, 2, 3,…, t; i = 1, 2, 3,…, r; j = 1, 2, 3,…, s. Step 3- Determination of the relative weight of each criterion We find relative weight of each criterion with respect to criterion with maximum weight. Relative weight is presented as: WRC j
w Cj wm
, where w m = max {w
1
, w 2 , w 3 , ..., w s } .
(8)
Step 4- Calculation of score values If the criteria are benefit criteria, then score values of Equation 6 are calculated by Equation 1, otherwise score values of Equation 7 are calculated by Equation 1. Step 5- Calculation of accuracy values If the criteria are benefit type, then accuracy values of Equation 6 are calculated by Equation 2, otherwise score values of Equation 7 are calculated by Equation 2. Step 6- Construction of the dominance matrix remove We construct the dominance matrix of each alternative pi with respect to the criterion Cj of the L-th decision maker DL (see Equation 9).
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(For cost criteria) W RC C 1 L ~L 0 , if ~ b ic b jc 1 W RC L ~L L ~L ~ ~ d H ( b ic , b jc) , if b ic b jc s W RC C 1
c (pi , p j) L
W RC
s
L ~L ~L ~L d H (~ b ic , b jc) , if b ic b jc
(9)
(For benefit criteria) d H (bicL , bLjc ), if bicL bLjc W RC C 1 , bicL bLjc 0 1 W RC d H (bicL , bLjc) , bicL bLjc s W RC C 1
c (pi , p j) L
W RC
s
(9a)
Here, ‘ ’ denotes decay factor of loss and 0 . Step 7- Construction of the individual final dominance matrix Using the Equation 10, individual final dominance matrix is constructed as follows: s
L cL (pi , p j)
(10)
c 1
Step 8- Aggregation of all dominance matrix Using the Equation 11, the aggregated dominance matrix is obtained as: t
(pi , p j ) LL (pi , p j)
(11)
L 1
Step 9- Calculation of the global values Using Equation 12, the global value pi is obtained as: s
i
s
( pi , p j ) min ( (pi , p j )) 1 i r
j 1
j 1
s
(12)
s
max ( ( pi , p j )) min ( ( pi , p j )) 1 i r
j 1
1 i r
j 1
Step 10- Ranking of the alternatives
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Ranking of the alternatives is done based on descending order of global values. The highest global value i reflects the best alternative pi . 4. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE To demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method, we solve a MAGDM problem adapted from (Ye, 2014d, Zhang et al., 2016). We assume that an investment company wants to invest a sum of money in the best option. The investment company forms a decision making board involving of three members (D1, D2, D3) who evaluate the four alternatives to invest money. The alternatives are: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Car company ( p1 ), Food company ( p 2 ), Company ( p ), and Arms company ( p 4 ). 3
Decision makers take decision to evaluate alternatives based on the criteria namely, risk factor ( c 1 ), growth factor ( c 2 ), environment impact ( c ). We consider three criteria as benefit type based on Zhang et al. (2016). Assume that the weight vector of attributes is W (.37, .33, .3) T and weight vector of decision makers is (.38, .32, .3) T . Now, we apply the proposed MAGDM method to solve the problem using the following steps. 3
Step1- Construction of the decision matrix We construct the decision matrix based on information provided by the decision makers in terms of BNN with respect to the criteria as follows: Decision matrix for D1 c1 C2 C3 p (.5, .6, .7, - .3, .6, .3) (.8, .5, .6, .4, .6, .3) (.9, .4, .6, - .1, - .6, - .5) 1 M1 = p2 (.6, .2, .2, - .4, - .5, - .3) (.6, .3, .7, - .4, - .3, - .5) ( .7, .5, .3, .4, .3, .3) p3 (.8, .3, .5, - .6, - .4, - .5) (.5, .2, .4, - .1, - .5, - .3) (.4,.2, .8, .5, .3, - .2) p4 (.7, .5, .3, - .6, - .3, - .3) (.8, .7, .2, - .8, - .6, - .1) (.6, .3, .4, .3, .4, .7)
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Decision matrix for D2 c1 C2 p (.6, .3, .4, .5, .3, .7) (.5, .3, .4, - .3, - .3, - .4) 1 2 M = p 2 (.7, .4, .5, - .3, - .2, - .1) (.8, .4, .5, - .7, - .3, - .2) p3 (.8, .3, .2, - .5, - .2, - .6) (.3, .2, .1, - .6, - .3, - .4) p 4 (.3, .5, .2, - .5, - .5, - .2) (.5, .6, .4, - .3, - .6, - .7)
C3
(.1, .5, .7, - .5, - .2, - .6) ( .6, .2, .7, .5, .2, .9) (.7, .5, .4, .4, .3, - .2) (.4, .3, .8, .5, .6, .5)
Decision matrix for D3 c1 C2 p1 (.9, .6, .4, - .7, - .3, - .2) (.7, .5, .3, - .6, - .2, - .5) 3 M = p2 (.5, .3, .2, - .6, - .4, - .1) (.5, .2, .7, - .3, - .2, - .5) p3 (.2, .5, .6, - .4, - .5, - .7) (.3, .2, .7, - .2, - .3, - .5) p 4 (.8, .5, .5, - .4, - .6, - .3) (.9, .3, .4, - .5, - .6, - .7)
C3
(.4, .2, .3, - .2, - .5, - .7) ( .6, .3, .2, .7, .6, .3) (.8, .2, .4, .2, .3, - .6) (.7, .4, .3, .2, .5, .7)
Step 2-Normalization of the decision matrix Since all the criteria are considered as benefit type, we do not need to normalize the decision matrix (M1, M2, M3). Step 3- Determination of the relative weight of each criterion Using Equation 8, the relative weights of the criteria are obtained as:
WRC1 1 , WRC2 .89 , WRC3 .81 . Step 4- Calculation of score values Using Equation 1, we calculate the score values of each alternative with respect to each criterion (see Table 1, 2, and 3). Table 1: Score value for M1
p1 p2 p 3 p 4
C1
C2
.47 .53 .60 .50 .55 .60 .48 .50
Table 2: Score value for M2
C3 .70 .52 .40 .58
p1 p2 p 3 p 4
C1 .60 .47 .60 .46
C 2 C3 .53 .37 .45 .55 .52 .48 .58 .48
Table 3: Score value for M3
p1 p2 p 3 p 4
C1
C2
.45 .50 .48 .50 .48 .50 .55 .67
C3 .55 .55 .65 .67
Step 5-Calculate accuracy values Using Equation 2, we calculate the accuracy values of each alternative with respect to each criterion (see Table 4, 5, and 6.)
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Table 5: Accuracy value for M2
Table 4: Accuracy value for M1
C1 C 2 C 3 p1 - .2 .1 .7 p 2 .3 0 .3 p .2 .3 .7 3 p .1 .1 .6 4
C1 C 2 C 3 .2 .5 p1 .4 .3 p 2 0 .2 p .7 0 .1 3 p .2 .5 .4 4
Table 6: Accuracy value for M3
C1 C 2 C 3 0 .3 .3 p1 0 0 p 2 .2 p .1 .1 .8 3 p .2 .7 .9 4
Step 6- Construction of the dominance matrix Here, using Equation 9, we construct dominance matrix (Taking = 1). The dominance matrices are represented in Table 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. Table 7: Dominance matrix 11
p1 p 2 p3 p 4 p1 0 .27 .82 .77 1 1 = p 2 .73 0 .70 .64 p .30 .26 0 .22 3 0 p 4 .28 .24 .59
Table 8: Dominance matrix 12
p1 p 2 p3 p 4 p1 0 .24 .27 .26 1 0 2 = p 2 .72 0 .78 p .82 .26 0 .33 3 0 p 4 .78 0 1
Table 9: Dominance matrix 13
p1 1 3 = p 2 p 3 p4
p1 p2 p3 0 - .88 .31 .26 0 .26 1 .86 0 .25 .23 .27
Table 10: Dominance matrix 12
p 4 - .82 .75 .91 0
p1 p 2 p3 p 4 p1 0 .27 .52 .29 2 1 = p 2 .73 0 .73 .29 p .19 .27 0 .29 3 p . 79 . 79 . 79 0 4
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Florentin Smarandache, Surapati Pramanik (Editors)
Table 11: Dominance matrix 22
p1 2 2 = p 2 p 3 p4
p1 p 2 p3 0 .24 .22 .74 0 .84 .67 .28 0 .22 .31 .31
p 4 .67 .95 .95 0
Table 12: Dominance matrix 32
p1 2 3 = p 2 p 3 p4
p1 0 .23 .27 .23
p2 p3 p 4 .77 .91 .77 0 .28 .24 0 .28 .95 0 .82 .95
Table 13: Dominance matrix 13
Table 14: Dominance matrix 32
p1 p2 p1 0 .73 3 0 1 = p 2 .27 p .35 .33 3 p 4 .25 .29
p1 p2 p 3 p 4 .26 .30 .45 p1 0 3 = 2 p 2 .78 0 .14 .91 p .91 .43 0 .95 3 p 4 .26 .29 .31 0
p3 p 4 .94 .68 .90 .79 0 .73 .27 0
Table 15: Dominance matrix 33
p1 p 2 p3 p 0 . 26 . 91 1 3 0 .95 3 = p 2 .88 p .27 .28 0 3 p 4 .26 .26 .91
p 4 .86 .86 .63 0
Step 7- Construction of the individual final dominance matrix Using Equation 10, the individual final dominance matrices are constructed (see Table 16, 17, and 18). Table 16: Final dominance matrix 1
Table 17: Final dominance matrix
2
p1 p 2 p3 p4 p1 0 .37 .24 1.33 1 = p 2 1.19 0 1.22 1.39 p - 1.52 .34 0 .36 3 p 4 .25 .47 1.32 0
p1 p 2 p3 p 4 p1 0 .26 1.21 1.15 2 = p 2 1.24 0 1.29 .42 p - .21 .40 0 .38 3 0 p 4 .34 1.3 1.43
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Table 18: Final dominance matrix
3
p1 p 2 p3 p 4 p1 0 .21 1.5 1.9 3 = p 2 1.39 0 1.7 2.6 p - .29 .18 0 2.3 3 p 4 .77 .84 .77 0 Step 8- Aggregation of all dominance matrix Using Equation 11, the aggregated dominance matrix is represented in Table 19. Table 19: Aggregated dominance matrix
p1 p2 p3 p1 0 .29 .94 = p 2 1.26 0 1.07 p - .73 .20 0 3 p .03 .01 .73 4
1.47 1.43 .95 0 p4
Step 9- Calculation of the global values Using Equation 12, the global values i are calculated as:
1 .34, 2 0, 3 .61, 4 1. Step 10- Ranking of the alternatives Here
4 3 1 2 .
Thus the Arm company ( p 4 ) is the best option to invest money. Section 5. CONCLUSION In real decision making, the evaluation information of alternatives provided by the decision maker is often incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent. Bipolar neutrosophic set can describe this kind of information. In this paper, we have developed a new group decision making method based on TODIM under bipolar neutrosophic set environment. Finally, a numerical example is shown to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness. We hope that the proposed method can be extended for solving multi criteria group decision making in other neutrosophic hybrid environment. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We thank both the editors for their useful suggestions.
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